Sociology Review

Label the figure with each missing step of the scientific method in the correct order.

1. Identify a problem or as a question 2. Conduct a literature review 3. Form a hypothesis 4. Choose a research design or method 5. Collect data 6. Analyze data 7. Disseminate fundings

A sociologist fields a survey that collects data on where high school students apply to college. After some preliminary analysis, they attempt to use their data to create a new program that will encourage low-income students to apply to more rigorous colleges that may be a better fit for them. The researcher hopes that the program will increase the percentage of low-income students who attend elite colleges.

Action Research

Diamond believes that humans have free will and are not deeply constrained by their social circumstances. Diamond is a big believer in which sociological concept?

Agency

Mind, Self, and Society

Children gain a sense of self through imitation, play, and games, in which they learn various roles and take on the perspectives of others.

Dramaturgy

Children learn the arts of impression management and may present a different self to their parents than to other children or teachers.

An employee works to appease customers and appears as if they care but in reality, does not feel the emotions they're expressing.

Correct Answers - emotional labor - status Incorrect Answers - role exit - backstage

Genie, the child who was deprived of practically all social interaction, eventually recovered to live a normal life complete with language and social awareness of her surroundings.

False

Classify the scenarios as either frontstage or backstage in the dramaturgical theory of society

Frontstage - A manager tells a new employee that he will get the hang of things soon enough. - A professor walks into the first day of a new class with a complete syllabus and expresses to the students an enthusiasm about how this semester will go. Backstage - A shift manager expresses worry to his boss that a new employee may never get the hang of the job. - A professor tells a colleague that he does not think he has prepared enough for the classes he must teach this semester.

Which of the following nonacademic uses of sociological methods is most common?

Market Research

Look-glass self

Parents and significant others serve as a reflection to children, who develop a sense of self based on their appraisals, real or imagined.

The story of Christopher Knight is an example of which sociological concept?

Social Isolation

The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by ____, while role conflict is about competing demands imposed by ____. A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first is experiencing role ____. A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child is experiencing role ____.

a single role, different roles, strain, conflict

Sociobiology is a branch of science that uses biology and evolution to explain ____. The basic nature vs. nurture debate has been tweaked by sociobiologists who suggest that genes and environment ____ to influence behavior. The latest work in this area suggest that ____ can significantly alter the way a gene expresses itself.

social behavior, interact, social and environmental context

Before collecting data, social researchers must identify a ____ from which to select their ____. After that, if they want to interview ____, sociologists must first get ____, which means that participants agree to be interviewed and know what they are getting into.

target population sample respondents informed consent

Select the bold phrases that represent accurate statements about sociologist Dawn Marie Dow's research on African American mothering.

- Race, and class, are two important intersecting factors. - Interviews as a research method.

Based on scientific evidence about social isolation and lack of socialization, which of the following are likely to happen to a child who is deprived of exposure to agents of socialization?

- The child will be unable to relate to other humans. - The child will not learn how to communicate through language with others.

Two basic goals of social scientists when conducting experiments?

Basic Goal(s) - to attempt to control for all possible variables except the one under investigation - to develop precise tools with which to observe, record, and measure their data Not Basic Goal(s) - to create a perfect experiment where a control group is unnecessary - to set up two groups in a way so that they know who receives the experimental treatment and what the outcome should be in advance.

Which of the following are disadvantages of survey research?

Correct Answers: - Survey research often doesn't capture a full range of expression from the respondents. - Survey research may have low validity because respondents are dishonest. Incorrect Answer(s): - Survey respondents are sometimes difficult to talk to and other times try too hard to be helpful. - Survey research has low reliability.

Psychoanalysis

Parents instill a conscience (superego) in children through rules that govern their instinctual behavior (id) until children mature and are self-governing (ego).

A sociologist wants to study a global community of online gamers who all play the same multiplayer game. Identify the activities that could realistically be part of the research.

Part of Research - becoming a player and observing interactions in real time - analyzing a player statistics, such as time played and level achieved Not Park of Research - conducting in-person focus groups - conducting in person interviews

A sociologist wants to study racial discrimination in hiring, and decides to either distribute a survey asking employers about their hiring methods, or conduct an experiment that involves sending fake resumes to employers to see who gets an interview. Which method would best examine racial discrimination in hiring and why?

The experimental method because the researcher can isolate the effect of race by creating otherwise identical resumes.

Place the following steps in sequential order, according to a researcher conducting ethnographic research.

access -> rapport --> field notes --> analysis