Sociology theory and social structures DRILL

Which of the following theorists would argue that religion promotes social solidarity and a collective consciousness? A. Durkheim B. Marx C. Weber D. Mead

A. DURKHEIM Durkheim was an advocate of functionalism and argued that religion promotes social solidarity as well as a collective consciousness, making individuals feel a part of an entity greater than themselves. Weber and Marx are both affiliated with conflict theory, which would suggest that religion is associated with conflict in society, rather than with solidarity. Mead is most associated with symbolic interactionism (a micro-level theory) and the development of the social self.

Which of the following has not traditionally served as a function of the family? A. Education Correct Answer B. Social Status C. Reproduction D. Affection

A. Education . ex: A. Traditionally, the five major functions of family have been reproduction & monitoring of sexual behaviors, social status, affection & companionship, socialization, and protection. Education has not served as a traditional function of the family.

WHAT IS SOCILA CONSTRUCTIONISM?

A. A micro-level of society that is interested in how individuals and groups participate in the construction of society and social reality. EX: Social constructionism is a micro-level theory of society that is interested in how individuals and groups participate in the construction of society and social reality. while social constructionism also emphasizes the ways in which members of a society develop jointly constructed understanding reality, it is not a macro-level theory. conflict theory (not social constructionism) looks at how various groups compete for resources within society; conflict theory is also a macro-level theory, not a micro-level theory. symbolic interactionism ( not social constructionism) is a micro-level theory of society that looks at how humans ascribe meaning to things and behave according to those meanings.

RATIONAL CHOICE AND SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORIES:

A. Assumes that individuals weigh the cost and benefits of potential actions, and always behave according to whichever outcome will be most favorable. EX: Rational choice and social exchange theries assume that individuals weigh the cost and benefits of potential actions, and always behave according to whichever outcome will be most favorable. They are both micro-level sociological perspectives, which focus on individual interactions rather than larger social structures. structural functionalism views society as striving toward dynamis equilibrium.

ANOMIE IS MOST LIKELY YO OCCUR IN SOCIETIES IN WHICH:

A. INDIVIDUALS AND AUTONOMOUS DECISION-MAKING PREDOMINATE. EX: Anomie is a state of few to no moral or social guidelines; therefore, anomie is most likely to occur in societies in which individualism and autonomous decision-making predominate.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding macro and micro sociological perspectives? A. Both perspectives emphasize individual interactions. Correct Answer B. Macrosociology focuses on society as a whole, as something that is prior to, and greater than, the sum of individual people. C. Macrosociology looks at large-scale social structures and how these affect individuals. D. Microsociology looks at the smallest building blocks of society and works up to larger social structures.

A. Microsociology focuses on individual interactions while macrosociology focuses on larger social structures. Microsociology looks at the smallest buillding blocks of society and works up to larger social structures. macrosociology looks at larger-scale social structures and how these affect individuals. macrosociology focuses on society as a whole, as something that is prior to, and greater than, the sum of individual people.

Alex and Pilar were both infected with the Chikungunya virus. While Alex had good health insurance and received excellent treatment for his condition, Pilar had to suffer the symptoms without medication because she could not afford and did not have health insurance. Which of the following would be concerned about this disparity in access to the healthcare system? A. Social epidemiology B. Feminism C. Social cognitive perspective D. Social constructionism

A. Social epidemiology is interested in the distribution of health and disease within a given population. it examines such as availability of an accessibility of healthcare among varous groups within society. the social cognitive perspective is concerned with social influence, cognition, and learning in relation behaviors. social constructionism argues that knowledge transfer ans perception are heavily influenced by experiences and interactions among people. feminism is most concerned with the unequal treatment of men and women because of gender, not because of health insurance coverage.

Miss Smith places Juan, a new student from Colombia, in a remedial math class because she assumes he does not understand the material covered in the more advanced courses. However, Juan was actually in a much higher level math course in his home country and has always excelled in the subject. As a result of this incorrect categorization, which of the following is most likely to occur? A. Juan will feel challenged and will struggle to keep up with his assignments. B. Juan will feel challenged and work hard to impress his new teacher. C. Juan will not feel challenged and will simply do what he must to meet his teacher's expectations. Correct Answer D. Juan will not feel challenged and will struggle to learn English.

C. Teacher expectancy occurs when a teacher's expectations about how an individual will perform academically impact the teacher's behavior toward the individual and result in the individual conforming to expectations. When children are misplaced within the educational system, their performance may suffer. In this case, Juan is placed in a math course that is too easy for him. Therefore, it is highly probable that Juan will not feel challenged and will simply do what he must to meet his teacher's expectations. The question stem does not indicate whether the student already speaks English; moreover, math performance is not necessarily related to English erudition. It is thus most likely that Juan will do the bare minimum to meet the teacher's expectations, making it seem as if he were placed in the proper math course.

What is intersectionality? A. A theory suggesting a positive correlation between socioeconomic status and health outcomes. B. A suggested continuum of sexuality. C. The study of how various oppressive institutions (like racism, sexism, homophobia, xenophobia, classism, etc.) are interconnected and cannot be examined separately from one another. D. A law that suggests that all organizations, regardless of how democratic they may intend to remain, will eventually and inevitably develop into oligarchies.

C. Intersectionality is the study of how various oppressive institutions (like racism, sexism, homophobia, xenophobia, classism, etc.) are interconnected, often compound one another, and cannot be examined separately. The socioeconomic gradient in health is the theory that suggests that there exists a proportional increase in health and health outcomes as socioeconomic status increases; in other words, there is a positive correlation between socioeconomic status and health outcomes. The iron law of oligarchy suggests that all organizations, regardless of how democratic they may intend to remain, will eventually and inevitably develop into oligarchies. The Kinsey Scale suggests that there is a continuum of sexuality.

Studies show that, at the primary school level, female students are called on less frequently in math and science classes than are male students, even by female teachers. Furthermore, teachers are almost always completely unaware that they are doing this. The concept that best accounts for this is: A. institutional discrimination. B. ageism. C. hidden curriculum. Correct Answer D. educational segregation.

C. The hidden curriculum is the unintentional lessons taught in school about norms, values, and beliefs, an example of which would be the boys are better at math and science than girls. hidden curriculum best explains why female students are called on less frequently in math and science classes than are male students, even by female teachers.

Which of the following is NOT a right or an obligation of a sick person, according to sick role theory? A. The sick person is exempt from normal social roles. Your Answer B. The sick person should seek treatment and cooperate with the medical professional. C. The sick person is responsible for not getting anyone else sick. Correct Answer D. The sick person should try to get well.

C. The sick role therizes that individuals who are ill have certain rights and responsabilities in society; if an ill individual cannnot fulfill the same duties that a person in a good health can, society allows for a reasonable amount of deviant behavior. Sick role theory includes two rights and two obligations of a sick person: the sick person is exempt from normal social roles (right), the sick person is not responsible for their condition (right), the sick person should try to get well (obligation), the sick person should seek treatment and cooperate with the medical professional (obligation).

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A MACRO-LEVEL THEORY OF SOCIOLOGY? I. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM II. CONFLICT THEORY III. FUNCTIONALISM

I. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

WHICH THEORISTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MACOR-LEVEL THEORY OF SOCIETY KNOWN AS CONFLICT THEORY?

KARL MARX AND MAX WEBER