SOCY 340 Exam 2
an art museum recently decreased the price of admission, instituted admission-free Sundays and offered free art education at a nearby low-income public school
increase attendance among the poor and working class
the discovery of quilts crafted by the African American women of gee's bend, Alabama did not make them more ________________ but it did label them _______________
special; art
A realtor that shows an upper-class black family homes in only black neighborhoods is guilty of what practice?
steering
Towns that hung signs reading "Whites Only within City Limits after Dark" were known as:
sundown towns
A stark critic of Booker T. Washington's "compromise," W. E. B. Du Bois argued that Washington perpetuated what by not opposing white supremacy?
symbolic violence
In one research experiment, teachers were asked to examine the definitions students attached to words and to evaluate those students' verbal skills. Researchers did not vary the definitions but did vary the race of the students. What did the research find?
teachers gave lower grades to black students
Which best summarizes educational current completion rates by race?
Completion rates for both high school and college have increased for all racial groups.
strategic amnesia
Elvis Presley's reputation as the "king of rock and roll"
Which institution is most likely to rely on affirmative action admission policies?
Harvard
A large number of whites moving from New York City into the whites-only suburb of Levittown on Long Island following World War II is an example of:
a. white flight
Which kind of crime grosses between $300 billion and $660 billion each year?a. white-collar
a. white-collar
In 2008, Bernie Madoff, a former Wall Street broker, committed an elaborate Ponzi scheme and was found guilty of making fraudulent investments totaling over $60 billion. What is this type of crime called?a. white-collar crime
a. white-collar crime
When Eric Garner, a black man, was killed by the police in 2014, his only official crime was selling loose cigarettes. What might be another reason that the police attacked him?
a.Both whites and nonwhites believe that black men are more prone to violence than white men.
Why are Native American reservations often the target of environmental racism, such as locations for dump sites and mining operations?
a.Reservations are not subject to state regulations about dumping.
What is one way that racism is embedded in the structure of schools, as described in the textbook?
a.Students are tracked such that whites and Asians have disproportionate access to the most intellectually stimulating classes.
What is one reason why sociologists believe immigrants may commit less crime?
a.Their neighborhoods often have codes of informal social control.
What usually happens to the very small number of qualified white and Asian applicants who are denied admission to a particular university due to affirmative action policies?a.They are admitted to other institutions of equal stature.
a.They are admitted to other institutions of equal stature.
What two factors contribute to many black and Latino families facing the burden of rising housing costs?
a.exclusion from both well-paying jobs and the mortgage market
What roadblock strategy was responsible for slowing the pace of desegregation?
a.legislative acts known as "public placement"
What has been a consequence of cities renovating central-city areas to entice upper-class individuals and families?
a.poor families being pushed to the suburbs, cut off from employment opportunities and services
According to sociologist Bruce Western, what are the three ways that prisons might possibly reduce crime?
a.rehabilitation, incapacitation, and deterrence
What events prompted the passage of the 1968 Civil Rights Act?
a.the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., and the subsequent urban uprisings
What is the only group in the history of the United States that has experienced ghettoization, as defined by Massey and Denton?
african americans
Appropriating another group's culture but refusing to use the art to further racial domination is an example of
antiracist cultural appropriation
What is one way that progressive intellectual movements, such as feminism, are dominated by a white framework?
attempting to speak for women of color
which of the following does ch. 8 discuss as a present-day form of minstrelsy?
auto-tuned youtube videos of poor african American speaking to news crews
Between 1925 and 1975, the prison population remained the same, fluctuating between 100,000 and 200,000 prisoners. By 2000, the prison population reached what number?
b. 1,400,000
In what years were the percentages of black students in U.S. public schools roughly equal?
b.1970, 1980, and 2000
Which of the following statements is true?
b.African Americans in many metropolitan areas live in a condition of hypersegregation.
In what ways did housing segregation help reinforce racial inequality in the middle of the twentieth century?
b.Blacks had lower wages than whites but higher average rent, making it difficult to accumulate wealth.
Some conservative politicians reacted to the Boston Marathon bombings by calling for a freeze on immigration reform. Which belief does their behavior reinforce?
b.Immigrants make the country less safe.
How did urban development projects immediately following World War II affect housing opportunities for nonwhites?
b.It evicted many from their homes, forcing them into overcrowded slums.
Which of the following represents a symbolic cost of segregation?
b.Segregation creates the appearance that racial divisions are real, natural, and unchanging.
What were the aims of U.S. government relocation programs targeted at Native Americans following World War II?
b.The government wanted to move Native Americans to urban centers to advance assimilation and tribal dissolution.
Which of the following were findings of the Detroit Area Survey?
b.The majority of black respondents said their ideal neighborhood was 50 percent black and 50 percent white, while 84 percent of white respondents said they would not enter such a neighborhood.
When boxer Mike Tyson was accused of raping Desiree Washington, a young black woman, many prominent African Americans, eager to quash the "black male rapist" trope, rushed to Tyson's side. This situation is an example of what?
b.black protectionism
Shamus Khan argues that highly privileged students at the nation's most elite private schools benefit most from:b.learning an attitude of cultural ease
b.learning an attitude of cultural ease
The textbook authors find both Booker T. Washington's and W. E. B. Du Bois's platforms lacking what?
b.means to organize for civil rights
Some social scientists have argued that a sizable proportion of the crime drop that occurred in the 1990s can be attributed to what?
b.the growing immigrant population
Since when have nonwhite urban neighborhoods have been subjected to heightened surveillance and police repression?
b.the racial uprisings of the 1960s
When comparing white-collar and violent street crime, we might conclude that:
b.white-collar crimes potentially damage society as much or more than violent street crimes because they cost society billions of dollars per year and even result in more deaths and injuries
How many Americans buy something each year as part of the underground economy?
c. four in five
Jasper, a young black man in Chicago, gets by as a low-level drug dealer. Given studies cited in the textbook, what can we likely conclude about his income and hours worked doing so?
c.Jasper probably makes close-to or less-than minimum wage, with hours that add up to only part-time work.
In the 1920s and 1930s, why did some recent immigrants, such as Germans and Irish, leave the slum and assimilate into the American mainstream but others, such as the Chinese, did not?
c.Laws and customs, based on the "racial uniform" did not allow the Chinese to live anywhere else.
How did the white public justify the existence of lynch mobs?
c.Lynch mobs supposedly kept white women safe from black male rapists.
What is one consequence of environmental racism?
c.disproportionately high rates of health problems such as cancer and lung disease
What is one way the Federal Housing Administration contributed to the exclusion of nonwhites from the private housing market?
c.loan denial to nonwhites
In the 1960s, when politicians mentioned cleaning up "violence in the streets," to what were they primarily referring?
c.riots and civil disobedience by civil rights protestors
Which of the following life experiences has been linked to job loss, depression, residential instability, and relocating to poorer, more violent neighborhoods and is twice as likely to happen to women as men?
eviction
What was the primary objective of cultural reeducation of American Indians?
force them to assimilate into Anglo-American society and culture
audience conduct that is "orderly, regulated, learned, prosperous, and civilized is characteristic of
highbrow culture
from a sociological perspective, what is the problematic underlying assumption behind the increasingly popular question "why do white youth love hip-hop?
hip hop has not reached the status of true art
What is the social force driving the transformation of the racial makeup of many majority-white small towns?
immigration
Approximately ______ percent of first-year students enrolled in America's top universities are white students who failed to satisfy their universities' minimum requirements.
15
In which year was the first American-Indian-controlled school established on the Navajo reservation?
1966
How much has public housing inventory fallen since 1991?
20
According to the textbook, roughly 25 percent of black and Latino families renting their homes spend at least what percent of their income on housing?
50
chapter 8 contains a long discussion of Abercrombie and fitch, main argument?
Abercrombie has learned how to sell white priviledge by manufacturing a "loo"
One study analyzed more than 900 films and found that, with few exceptions, which group was represented as "Public Enemy Number One"?
Arabs
where can we find the roots of our problematic ideas about culture authenticity
european colonizers
As Michael Tonry writes in Malign Neglect, "Through [the twentieth century] in periods of high intolerance of drug use, minority group stereotypes have been associated with deviant drug use." What would be an example of this phenomenon?
c.the association of the Chinese with opium dens during the early twentieth century
In 1895, Booker T. Washington gave a speech known as "the Atlanta compromise." In it, he suggested that appropriate race relations were comparable to the relationship between:c.the fingers and the hand
c.the fingers and the hand
Which of the following best describes the legal strategy of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) campaign to end school segregation?
challenged that segregated schools were in fact not equal
Racist comedy relies on stereotypes
comedy fit into the racist aesthetic and other comedy fit into the antiracist aesthetic
narrow casting
creating television shows designed to target specific racial or ethnic groups
what is the sociological term that refers to the sum of one's knowledge about established and valued cultural activities and practices
cultural capital
A settlement located near agricultural fields consisting of dilapidated shacks, low-cost housing, and inhabited primarily by U.S. citizens and migrant farm workers is an example of a:
d. colonia
What would be an example of what Bruce Western calls "deterrence"?
d.A person who refrains from stealing a designer dress when she realizes she would end up paying more in legal fines than the cost of the dress if she got caught.
According to the textbook, what is one political consequence of being imprisoned?d.In many states, felons lose the right to vote.
d.In many states, felons lose the right to vote.
In the 1960s, politicians began what has come to be known as the "war on drugs," a product of which includes increased imprisonments for nonviolent drug offenses. Which of the following was one result of the war on drugs during the 1970s?d.Potential race rioters were arrested.
d.Potential race rioters were arrested.
Consider the figure below, "Effects of Stereotype Threat." What should we understand from this graph?
d.When students are made to feel that their performance must counter stereotypes, they are less likely to perform to the best of their ability.
Research shows that students of color are about 10 percent more likely to experience what in college classrooms compared to their white peers?
d.harassment and feelings of being unwelcome
What does Chapter 5 identify as a "new tactic of white fight?"
d.passing English-only ordinances
Which of the following suggestions do the textbook authors provide as a potential way to encourage equity in secondary education?
d.provide incentives for highly experienced teachers with the best qualifications to teach in disadvantaged schools
The influence of race and economic class in predicting the probability of serving time in prison is best illustrated by:
d.the increased probability that a black man born after the Civil Rights Movement who later dropped out of high school would end up incarcerated at some point in his lifetime
What is the way for nonwhite artists to free themselves from the dominance of the white gaze?
depict people of color as full, complex humans
African Americans have grown so used to being pulled over by the police that many speak of being stopped on account of DWB. What does "DWB" stand for?
driving while black
why might African American artists such as Langston Hughes reject the playing of the blues by white artists like bob Dylan and the Rolling Stones?
it disconnected the music from the social conditions in which it was grounded
aside from limiting professional options for nonwhite models, what is one consequences of the overrepresentation of white models in the fashion industry?
it reinforces the features of white women as the standards of beauty
According to the figure below, "Lifetime Likelihood of Imprisonment," which group has a higher chance of imprisonment than white men?
latino men
example of cultural appropriation
mass production and sale of the Palestinian kaffiyeh in the United States
Black Entertainment Television
narrowcasting
Which group is the most likely to drop out of high school?
native americans
What proportion of the crime drop in the 1990s would have occurred even without the prison boom?
nine-tenths
Though often forced to attend boarding schools run by Christian missionaries and later the federal government, American Indian students regularly resisted this "indoctrination into whiteness." Which of the following, as described in Chapter 7, is an example of such resistance?
performing important ceremonies in secret
What form of art does chapter 8 highlight as "hotbed of the antiracist aesthetic?
poetry
In An American Dilemma, Gunnar Myrdal argued that segregation was furthered by which group's sense of status competition?
poor whites
Which features of affirmative action do most Americans overestimate?
prevalence and power
Textbook writers describing the penning of the Declaration of Independence without acknowledging the influence of the governance of the Iroquois Nation is one example of what?
racial domination
as a style of music, the blues evolved from spirituals in response to what?
racial domination of african Americans by whites
A banker that refused to give financially qualified buyers a mortgage because their desired home was in a nonwhite area marked as too risky for a loan was engaged in what discriminatory practice?
redlining
Familism is a variant of _____________ having to do with one's attachment to, and reliance on, family-based relationships.
social capital
According to the sociologist Georg Simmel, what happens when lower classes begin to copy the fashions of the upper class?
the upper class abandons the style and finds something new
an increase in double-eyelid surgeries by asian Americans is an example of an outcome from the internalization of what?
the white aesthetic
your textbook mentions films like Mississippi burning, to kill a mockingbird, black hawk down, and the matrix
the white savior theme
an artistic depiction of American society that doesn't include nonwhites or any signs of racial domination
white aesthetic
Based on the chart below, "Diversity Experiences in Each Group's Typical Neighborhood, 2010," which racial/ethnic group is most likely to live in a segregated neighborhood?
whites
What is one reason that the antiracist aesthetic is not featured as prominently in venues such as art museums?
whites are overrepresented in positions of power in such venues
representations of Egyptian queen Cleopatra as a white woman by neoclassical American and European sculptors
whites dominating images of beauty
The biggest increase in specific prison populations occurred between 1980 and 2011, a jump from 15,118 to 111,387. This represented a 587 percent increase in the number of _____ imprisoned.
women