Solutions and Other Mixtures

Colloid

A heterogeneous mixture. A mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas. Particles in a colloid are smaller than those in a suspension and will not filter out. (Whipped cream, Marshmallows, Fog)

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture. A mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas. Particles settle out when the mixture is allowed to stand [Orange juice (clear liquid) with pulp (particles), Oil and vinegar in salad dressing are immiscible and will separate]

Alloy

A homogeneous mixture. A solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals, for instance copper and zinc.

Substance

A material that has a constant composition

Emulsion

Any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispersed in the other. A colloid in which liquids that normally do not mix are spread throughout each other using an emulsifier. (Mayonnaise Bile Salts)

Miscible

Do mix

Immiscible

Do not mix

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Non-uniform blend of two substances, so the amount of substance in different samples varies. (granite - mixture of the minerals quartz, mica, and feldspar OR fruit salad, every spoonful is a little different)

Homogeneous Mixtures

The smallest particles of one substance are uniformly spread among similar particles of another substance, also known as a SOLUTION. In a solution, the solute is dissolved in the solvent. (Salt water, rubbing alcohol) Can be gas, liquid or solid.

Solvent

The substance in which the solute is dissolved (often a liquid, e.g. water)

Solute

The substance that dissolves in a solution (e.g. salt)

Mixture

Two or more substances that have been combined

Chromatography

a technique used to separate the components of a chemical mixture by moving the mixture along a stationary material

Pigment

the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue

Chromatogram

the pattern of separated substances obtained by chromatography

Photosynthesis

the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar (plants do it)