Spanish Grammar, Pronunciation, and Words I Don't know
WHen you use a verb to and then want to say to right after it, use...
"a." por ejemplo: Yo pensé a 'dar la luz' durante la clase.
quotation marks in Spanish are....
'esos'
(to be) handmade
(estar) hecho a mano o hecha a mano
1. If the word ends with a vowel - any vowel -, the letter "n" or the letter "s", the stress is on the next to last syllable. For example:
- com-pu-ta-do-ra - her-mo-so
2. If the word ends with a consonant - other than "n" or "s", the stress is on the last syllable. For example:
- fe-liz - pro-fe-sor
Bien is an adverb, which means it can modify
a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
outside
afuera; In general, "afuera" means "outside" in a generic sense. "Fuera" also means "outside", but it implies outside in relation to a specific place, which may be known already from context or which may be explicitly stated as the object of the preposition "de", as in "fuera de la oficina" = "outside the office".
there
ahí, allí, allá
outdoors
al aire libre
before
antes de
under
bajo
bueno vs buen
bueno is the masculine singular form of the adjective good, but if we want to be more emphatic when describing a noun, place bueno in front of said noun and drop the o to get buen. EX: Es un buen hombre. Es un hombre bueno.
zar (in instances to preserve pronunciation when adding opposite endings)
c
K sound
ca, co, cu
almost
casi
S sound
ci, ce
as
como
how things were going at school
como las cosas me iban en la escuela
from now on
de ahora en adelante
after
después de
hard
duro/a
shelf
el anaquel
ballpoint pen
el bolígrafo
chapter
el capítulo
the beginning
el comienzo, el principio
candy
el dulce
home
el hogar
world map
el mapamundi
glue
el pegamento
performance
el rendimiento
pencil sharpener
el sacapuntas
student
el/la estudiante
not at all
en absoluto
between
entre de
to be at
estar en
to skip class
faltar a clase
finally (formal)
finalmente
r in spanish
flat tongue
guir (in instances to preserve pronunciation when adding opposite endings)
g
G sound
ga, go, gu
H sound
gi, ge, ja, jo
gar (in instances to preserve pronunciation when adding opposite endings)
gu
equal
igual
The present conditional
Adds would to a verb. If used in a question, the would becomes a could.
aquella vs ese vs eso (same with este vs esto)
Aquella is the feminine form of that over there, something far from the speaker and the listener. Ese is masculine form of that, but eso is the neuter form. The neuter form is used for ideas, or abstract things. the masculine and feminine are used for actual things
ger/gir (in instances to preserve pronunciation when adding opposite endings)
j
The same sound the english y makes
je, ll
capital
la capital
poster board
la cartulina
stapler
la engrapadora, la grapadora
lunch box
la lonchera
doll
la muñeca
hopscotch
la rayuela
living room/room
la sala
ready
listo/a
the same
lo mismo/la misma
what happens
lo que pasa
same
mismo/a
not that one
no esa
around here
por aquí
finally (informal)
por fin
next
próximo, siguiente
Typically you place an adjective after a noun in Spanish. However, if you want to put more emphasis into your words...
put the adjective before the noun. However, don't do this on every noun in a sentence, for it can come of as annoying and unnatural to native speakers.
car (in instances to preserve pronunciation when adding opposite endings)
qu
rr in spanish
roll r's
Z sounds the same as S and that also happens when C is next to I and E)
s, z, c
a little bit
un poquito/poco So while un poco means "a little (bit)," un poquito literally means "a little little" but semantically, means "a teeny tiny (bit)."
when bien modifies an adverb or adjective, it means
very. EX: la casa está bien lejos (adverb). El té está bien caliente.
when bien modifies an verb, it means
well. EX: Estoy bien. Bien hecho.
These accents -- á é í ó ú -- do not alter the pronunciation of the corresponding unaccented vowels. The accents are used to define...
which syllable is stressed when you speak a word.
when you conjugate an ir verb in the present tense that was trailed by the letter e. Change the e into a...
y
already
ya
How do you use de in Spanish?
1 Possession To express possession in Spanish, be sure to use the preposition de. For example, to say It's Julio's car in Spanish, you'd say Es el coche de Julio. . 2 Origin De can also be used to express one's origin — where that person comes from. If you want to tell someone that you're from Panama, you'd say Soy de Panamá (I'm from Panama). . 3 Time Like its fellow Spanish preposition a, de can be used to express a general time: No duerme de noche (He doesn't sleep at night). When you are saying exact times like at eight o'clock, use a instead: a las ocho. . 4 Cause Use de to show the reason why something has happened. For example, to express that He is failing from not studying, you'd say Fracasa de no estudiar. . 5 Material De can also illustrate what something is made of. To describe a gold wedding band, you'd say Es un anillo de oro. (It's a gold ring [literally, a "ring of gold"].) . 6 Characteristics Use de to describe the characteristics of an object or person: Es de buena calidad. (It's of a good quality.) . 7 Contents To express the contents of an object, use de. For example, if you want to tell your coworker that you're drinking a cup of coffee, simply say Bebo una taza de café. (I'm drinking a cup of coffee.) . 8 Relationship You can also use de to indicate a relationship: Madrid es la capital de España. (Madrid is the capital of Spain.) . 9 Part of a whole If you want to express that one object is part of another, larger object, use de. So to state that She's taking a piece of bread in Spanish, you'd say Toma un trozo de pan. . 10 A subject De can also express the subject of something. For example, you'd say No encuentro mi libro de arte if you want to tell a friend I can't find my art book. Enlarge . 11 A superlative To express a superlative comparison, use de: Es el más alto de todos. (He's the tallest of them all.)
Why are there reflexive verbs in Spanish?
A reflexive verb is one where the subject and object are the same, and where the action 'reflects back' on the subject. It is used with a reflexive pronoun such as myself, yourself and herself in English, for example,I washed myself.; He shaved himself. In Spanish, reflexive verbs are often used to describe things you do to yourself every day or that involve a change of some sort, for example, going to bed, sitting down, getting angry, and so on. -Making a typically non-reflexive verb into a reflexive one add a "go to", "to get", or "to become" to your statement. ----EX: me duermo. I go to bed.
Why do you use "de" with "el libro de amor" but you don't use "de" with "la comida mexicana"
At the base of it, because amor is a noun and mexicana is an adjective. Nouns must be connected with de. Sometimes we do that in English: La comida de México. The food of Mexico. But sometimes in English, we use a noun as an adjective, that is not normally done in Spanish. The airline pilot. El piloto de aerolíneas. There are a few exceptions, like rush hour= hora pico or hora punta. In this case since they are both nouns, in plural you don't change the second noun- las horas pico. These exceptions are not generally considered beginner level Spanish. Much more difficult is to know whether to include an article, use just a single noun or a plural one.
Where do adverbs go in spanish?
Descriptive Spanish adverbs usually come after the verbs they modify but before adjectives they modify. EX; Mi hermano saber como jugar muy bien el futbol americano. My brother knows how to play football very well. EX: Entoneces no podemos poner allá (adverb) la nueva. So we can't put the new one there.
desde and de both mean since, of, and from and can very often be interchangeable. However there are some exceptions. (por can also be used of the words since of or but look at my PARA vs POR quizlet to knwo when to use por).
Desde strongly indicates movement from one place to another. EX: Corró desde la playa. De usually indicates past locations. EX: Yo soy de Estados Unidos. sacó el dinero de la bolsa.
honor roll
El cuadro de honor
T0 say "a (period of time) ago..." ir "for (period of time) i've been. Use hace + time change + que + rest of sentence conjugated in the past tense.
Hace dos años que comé (I have been eating for two years). ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que practicaste el pretérito? (How long has it been since you practiced the past tense?)
it is windy
Hace viento
equally
Igualmente
Adjectives as nouns
In Spanish, almost any adjective can be used as a noun. Most of the time these noun will be translated into English as the ____ one, where the blank is an adjective in English. EXAMPLES: -Quiero la roja.I want the red one. -Compré las nuevas. I bought the new ones. -Vi una casa grande y una pequeña. I saw a large house and a small one. Adjectives are often used as nouns to refer to a noun that was recently mentioned. EXAMPLES: ¿Te gusta la falda verde o la falda negra? - Me gusta la negra. Do you like the green skirt or the black skirt? - I like the black one.
Lunch box and thermos
Lonchera termo
the others
Los demás, los otros
What words are capitalized in Spanish?
Only proper names, pet names, or geographical locations.
camiseta is t shit, caminata is walk, and camioneta is...
SUV, truck
I assure you
Te lo aseguro
General and Abstract Uses of adjectives as nouns
You can use adjectives as nouns with the neuter article lo to refer to general or abstract senses. It's often translated into English as the ____ thing or what's where the blank is an adjective. EXAMPLES Lo bueno es que estamos juntos. The good thing is that we're together. Lo bonito de este edificio es el jardín que tiene en el techo. What's beautiful about this building is the garden on the roof. Lo mío es el cine. Movies are my thing.
time in spanish
You say son las/ es la (number (if 1 say es la)) y (another number if there is one) de la noche/mañana/tarde. To say a t a time, simply say "a las/la...."
just a little bit
solo un poquito
only
sólo, solamente, apenas
I swear to you
te lo juro
the whole world
todo el mundo
them all
todos (as if they are girls)
I hope so
¡Ojalá!
how
¡Qué...!
How long has it been since...?
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que...?
How do you say...?
¿Cómo se dice...?
What else?
¿Qué más?
ny in spanish is
ñ
