SPC CH 17

What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statements? I usually eat spaghetti for dinner the day before an exam, but I ran out of spaghetti the night before the calculus final. That's why I got a C

False cause

________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

credibility

Strong evidence can

-enhance a speaker's credibility. -increase the persuasiveness of a speech. -inoculate listeners against counterpersuasion.

The following statements is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we take my opponent's proposed education bill seriously? After all, he flunked out of high school

Ad Hominem

The following statements is an example of what type of fallacy? As we have seen, the trend is for companies to reduce long-term research and development costs order to increase short-term profits. Since so many companies are doing this, it must make good business sense.

Bandwagon

A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's

Cometence and character

_________________ is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility

Ethos

"Pathos" is the word Aristotle used to refer to a speaker's logical appeal

False

Evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is familiar to the audience

False

In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to substitute emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning

False

Reasoning from principle involves moving from a specific principle to a general conclusion

False

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to generate emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?

Let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content.

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Once we accept money from soft-drink companies for exclusive rights to sell their products in our high schools it won't be long until businesses are deciding what courses should be taught and what teacher should be hired

Slippery Slope

Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action

True

No matter what kind of evidence you employ, it will be more persuasive if you state it in specific rather than general terms

True

The fallacy of false cause is often known by its Latin name, post hoc, ergo prompter hoc

True

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We should build a new high school or children in this community will never get into college

either... or

What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I watched a Hong Kong film in class last week, and it was extremely violent. When I mentioned this to my friend, she said that she, too, had seen a violent Hong Kong film. Apparently all Hong Kong films are violent

hasty generalization

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we be so concerned about ethics in political campaigns when there are serious problems in the long term stability of Social Security?

red herring

The most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether

the two cases being compared are essentially alike