SPCE 680 Tests
According to the DSM-5, marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills requiring substantive support would be considered a severity level of
2
Triadic interactions involve _______ people attending to the same thing
2
Which of the following is the age range appropriate for using Psychoeducational Profile, Third Edition (PEP-3)?
6mo to 7yr
In 2012, the authoritative Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US estimated the prevalence of ASD to be 1 in every _____ members of the population
88
When telling parents for the first time that their child has an ASD you should
Be honest and compassionate Use accurate diagnostic terms and fully explain them Answer questions about the child's future development as fully as possible based on the literature
Genetic risk factors are best described as
Chromosomes that are inherited from biological parents, the genes, constituents, and DNA.
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Crystallised Intelligence differs from Fluid Intelligence in that it pertains to acquired knowledge
Identify the classification system used by psychiatrists and psychologists to diagnose autism
DSM
The following statements about root causes are true
Eighty-five to 90% of root causes are idiopathic in nature. ASD occasionally occurs with other co-morbid conditions, such as a developmental syndrome, like Down syndrome The presence of a co-developmental syndrome cannot fully explain the cause
All innate capabilities that have a role in establishing and maintaining reciprocal bonds between babies and caregivers are congenital
F
Autism has a single critical cause affecting aspects of behavior that is identified and manifested at a specific stage of development.
F
High rates of concordance in monozytic twins compared to discordance of dizygotic twins provide irrefutable evidence that genetic factors have no effect on development of ASD
F
Neurotrophins are essential for the brain growth, maintenance, vision, hearing, and sexual arousal
F
Research has consistently and definitively shown that behaviors that fall under the DSM-5 restricted, repetitive behaviors are similar and uniform
F
When studying autism causes, innate and congenital are interchangeable terms
F
Which of the following provides criteria that can be used by clinicians when making a diagnosis of autism?
ICD
Which of the following are single common pathway explanations of autism
Impaired theory of mind, faulty conditioning, and genetically oversensitivity to oxygen
Indicate the first academic journal to focus on autism
Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia
Single factor theories are undermined by evidence of the following:
Lesser variant autism Relatives show autism-related behavior in isolation of other signs. Broader autism phenotype
What statement best describes compensation within the brain?
Neural plasticity ensures capacities for brain growth Compensations are achieved through role of intact brain systems. For compensation to take place brain systems must be subserved by compromised brain systems
Children with autism, when given the 'Russel Window Task' will
Quickly point to the box with the treat make the wrong response over and over
During a counseling session with 14 year old male with ASD (Scott), a psychologist asks him to describe how he felt when his dog was hurt earlier in the week. Scott was unable to describe his feelings
Scott likely has a condition called alexithymia
Anxiety vulnerabilities and sleep disturbances are what led to studies in cortisol levels of those individuals with autism
T
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that operates through the brain which is essential in maintaining balance of neural activity with any abnormality causing upset of balance.
T
Which of the following statements best describes the brain structure?
The cerebrum is divided into two sections known as the cerebral hemispheres.
The following are co-morbid conditions associated with repetitive behaviors
Tourette's syndrome, Lesch-Nyan syndrome, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders.
Direction of looking studies have found that ______ individuals with ASD lack implicit 'theory of mind' (ToM)
all
Methods of assessing brain chemistry include all of the following
animal models, MRI, efficacy study
Select the two individuals who first identified autism
asperger and kanner
According to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, which of the following were considered subtypes of autism
asperger, autistic, PDD
What is a significant factor contributing to suicide among children with ASD?
bullying
Within the DSM-5, the diagnostic criteria is now supplemented by
descriptors
Why is it important to know the reliability of a test?
determine accuracy and amount of error in score
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps to take in developing a scale to assess ASD?
develop clear definitions of bx, create pool of items, run a pilot study
What best explains problems in neurotypical brain development?
developing child may have been exposed to neurotoxins
The Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R) assesses all of the following EXCEPT
developmental history
The primary reason autism subtypes were eliminated within the DSM-5 was due to
difficulties making a dx because of the ambiguous distinctions between the various subtypes.
When a child with ASD displays impaired abilities but retains a few unexpected skills related to the impaired abilities this is called
fine cuts
Families in what socio-economic status were commonly thought to have more cases of autism occurrences
middle to high
Proven environmental risk factors include all of the following
mother's body during pregnancy toxic chemicals mother's perinatal interventions
The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale, (ASRS) is usually filled out by which of the following
parents, teachers, clinicians
What ages are not recommended for Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) to be used to diagnosis ASD
under 2
Identify the autism subtype the DSM-5 abandoned.
PDD not otherwise specified
It is ___________ for individuals with ASD to display hypersensitivity to taste, smell, and touch
common
Which of the statements regarding intelligence is the most accurate?
intelligence assessment is done through standardized testing
What distinguishes the ADOS-2 from most other scales used to assess ASD?
It is a measure that involves direct observation of the person being assessed It provides 5 separate modules geared for the subject's particular developmental and expressive language level
There are four casual links that must be established when identifying a realistic agenda for the explanation of autism. The four casual links are
Manifest Behavior, Psychological, Neurobiology, and Etiology
Which of the following groups of perinatal risk factors do not include factors related specifically to the health of the mother?
Maternal age, Caesarian section, pre-term delivery, low birth weight
Which of the following statements would an individual with high-functioning autism be more likely to say
My math professor's name is Dr. White
It is increasingly suggested that ASD is ________ in more able girls and women
under-dx
When two measures are being compared, it is important for both to have high reliability coefficients because
high reliabilities help ensure that differences are not due to chance
An adolescent with moderate ASD becomes very agitated during a parade because of the noise he is experiencing
hyperacusis
Kanner's early descriptions of autism included
muteness and superior rote memory skills
Early on, psychiatrists thought the symptoms of autism were more reflective of which of the following conditions
neurosis, hyperactivity
What is the single cause of autism
none
For individuals that have ASD, why are online chat rooms and social media easier for those individuals to communicate?
nonverbal communication is less important
The difference in gender between the individuals with high-functioning to low-functioning autism are
not well understood
The DSM-5 created a new diagnostic category, which was
social communication disorder
The text states that the short-term priority is to understand the causes of the diagnostic behavioral characteristics. These include all of the following
socio-emotional-communication impairments and SEC impairments sensory-perceptual anomalies RRBs
According to the DSM-5, preoccupations, fixated rituals and/or repetitive behaviors markedly interfering with functioning in all areas and requiring very substantive support would be considered a severity level of
3
What statement about behavior problems and autism is the most accurate
Sleep disorders are common in people in autism--particularly in lower-functioning autism--and can be difficulty for the individual to cope with and are taxing on the parents Challenging behaviors is a broad definition that include tantrums, antisocial behavior, and refusal of reasonable requests
Cytogenetics is used when studying chromosomal abnormalities, with one technique being animal models.
T
Dopamine is known as the "feel good" neurochemical of the brain
T
Which of these statements is most correct regarding theories of causes of autism
Theories of etiology and brain bases of autism were proposed as a result of the publication of Kanner's influential work
What does the phrase "Age of Onset" suggest
This person at some point in time does not have autism but at a later time they do have autism
What kind of leisure activities are individuals with ASD most likely to enjoy?
computer based games
Explaining autism is important for the following reasons except
curing autism
Three major studies have shown that death rates are ____ times higher in young or middle aged adults with ASD than in the general public
3
Abnormalities in vasopressin and oxytocin are often studied together, with vasopressin showing a stronger case of involvement than that of maternal hormone oxytocin
F
Which of the following is true in relation to diagnostic assessment of ASD in the first year of life?
No assessment tools are yet available for the individual diagnosis of children younger than 12 months
Identify the sources of complexity discussed in the text in relation to the search for the causes of autism
Single casual pathway Multi-directional casual links many to one one to many
According to our text, a decline in dyadic interaction over the first year or so of life is most readily explained in terms of the 'impaired experience of social reward' theory
T
Memory retrieval impairment, deviating sense of self, problem in assembling and spontaneous initiation of activities are all contributors to impaired creativity and imagination
T
Mindreading impairment is closely associated with impaired communication
T
Perinatal risk factors for ASD are sometimes discussed under the heading of 'obstetric complications
T
Savant abilities are abilities that are outstanding in comparison of the general population and occur in individuals with low or modest intellectual ability
T
Sporadic ASD, Twin Studies, and Rising incidence of ASD are all evidence for the environment risk factors of ASD.
T
There is no single critical cause or no single common pathway that explains the cause of autism
T
With definitive certainty the causes of autism are complex, cumulative, interactive, and individualistic
T
Wechsler scales are used to assess learning abilities with individuals with ASD. What conclusions can be drawn from the studies conducted on the Wechsler scales and the patterns that emerge (specific to individuals with ASD).
There is a notable uneven pattern in individuals with ASD Discrepancies aside, individuals with lower-functioning autism generally have higher nonverbal IQ than verbal IQ Although considerable individual variations occur, individuals with higher-functioning autism are more evenly balanced with verbal IQ compared to their nonverbal IQ
Which of these statements about language impairment is correct?
To have a clear understanding of language impairment related to ASD, it is essential to understand language, communication and speech
A child with ASD that struggles to identify what or whom he is talking about and has difficulties recounting events is said to have __________
a pragmatic impairment
Out of the following statements regarding cognitive abilities and individuals with ASD, which is blatantly incorrect?
cognitive abilities in individuals with lower function is over researched
What is translated literally as 'the study of epidemics', and refers to the frequency of occurrence and the distribution of diseases or disorders in particular populations
epidemiology
At two years of age children with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified can be distinguished from children with Autism by which of the following
fewer repetitive motor movements fewer unusual sensory interests less social impairment
The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria now allows older individuals to be classified with ASD; however, the signs of autism must have been present
from quite early in childhood
A mother observes her child pretending to wash dishes in the toy sink. Her child's behaviors is an example of __________ play
functional play
What term is used to describe particular traits of an individual (e.g., height, hair color)?
genotype
There are several differences between language impairment when comparing individuals with high-functioning autism and those individuals with lower-functioning autism. Of the statements below, what is the most accurate
high functioning has large vocabulary with correct grammar, pedantic speech lower functioning has pervasive mutism
What theory below was disproved by 1970
poor early mother-child relationship was cause of ASD
The author of the text discusses several concerns related to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Which of the concerns below were discussed by the author
possible adverse effects of early dx, concern about under-dx
In the development of a scale, when items are deemed to have lower than acceptable reliability, what steps are taken with those items to help ensure greater reliability?
remove or edit items
Identify the two disorders that are more characterized in the DSM-IV as degenerative disorders than autism disorders
rhett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder
A 6 year old with ASD can learn and play highly sophisticated musical works after hearing them only one time. Her special talent is commonly referred to as
savant ability
According to our text, if a test has a reliability of .80 what kind of decision should it be used for?
screening
Asperger's early descriptions of autism included which of the following
severe impairment of social interaction, narrow interests, good vocabulary, motor clumsiness
Of the below criterion which is not used when judging explanatory power
simplifying criterion
Which of the following would be the most common among individuals with autism
social anxiety disorder
is characterized by "persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication sufficiently severe as to interfere with social relationships, academic achievement, and occupational performance".
social communication disorder
With the updated DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, two core impairments have been emphasized in making a diagnosis, what are they?
social interaction and communication