Specialised Cells
In animals, most types of cell will differentiate at an early stage
At what stage do animal cells differentiate?
In plants, most types of cell are able to differentiate at any stage throughout the plants life.
At which stage in their life do plant cells differentiate?
Once an animal is developed cell devision is mainly used for the repair and replacement of cells
Once an animal is fully developed, what is cell division used for?
Muscle Cells Sperm Cells Nerve Cells
Give three examples of specialised animal cells
Root Hair Cells Xylem Cells Phloem Cells
Give three examples of specialised plant cells
They contain a lot of mitochondria to release energy and unable the muscle to contract. They contain special proteins that can slide over each other, making the fibres contract. They store glycogen, converted to glucose, in respiration.
Give three ways a muscle cell is adapted to its function
They can be long to enable electrical impulses to travel a long distance through the body. The axon is insulated to enable it to carry electrical impulses.
Give two ways a nerve cell is adapted to its function
They have tails so they are able to swim and fertilise the egg. They contain lots of mitochondria to release energy and allow the sperm to swim.
Give two ways a sperm cell is adapted to its function
Companion cells contain mitochondria to release energy needed to move glucose up and down the phloem Cell walls between the cells break down to form chive plates so glucose can be transported up and down the phloem
Give two ways phloem cells are adapted to their function
They have lots of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll to absorb light and photosynthesise They're positioned on the upper surface of the leaf to absorb more light energy
Give two ways the palisade cell is adapted to its function
They have a large surface are to increase the movement of water into the cell by osmosis They have many mitochondria to release energy for the active transport of mineral ions into the roots
Give two ways the root hair cell is adapted to its function
It has long hollow tubes to allow water and mineral ions to move easily through the plant Lignin spirals strengthen the cell to withstand the pressure of moving water and supporting the cell
Give two ways the xylem cell is adapted to its function
Nerve Cell
What animal cell is this?
Specialised cells are specialised to carry out a particular function
What is a specialised cell?
Phloem Cell
What plant cell has sieve plates?
Palisade Cell
What plant cell is this?
Root Hair Cell
What plant cell is this?
Xylem Cell
What plant cell is this?
Muscle Cells
Which animal cell contains specialised proteins that contract?
Sperm Cell
Which animal cell is this?