speech

To better understand The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies, a reader can think about the information given and then ---------------, or restate the information by putting it into one's own words.

paraphrase

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. To learn to balance, have the saddle raised as high as possible, so that the ball of the foot just touches the pedal at its lowest. Practise wheeling in this way, with an instructor, or alone on a smooth surface where you are sure to be undisturbed. Based on this excerpt, which is the most crucial step in a list of procedures for balancing on a bicycle?

raising the saddle as high as possible

When studying L. F. Korns's "How to Ride", the reader is told that the first step in selecting a proper saddle is to

reread a previous chapter of book from which it was taken.

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. There is a third movement of the handle-bars—a quick twist in the direction the machine is leaning if about to fall; it is made suddenly, and brings the wheel back to its original position. If the wheel were stationary, and the front wheel were turned, the bicycle would fall in an opposite direction from the front wheel. If the wheel is about to fall, it can be prevented from doing so by throwing the balance the other way by means of the handle-bars. A similar result is accomplished by wiggling the front wheel, and when a bicycle is moving very slowly, a continuous wiggle—changing the balance as the machine inclines from side to side—is necessary to keep it upright. According to the excerpt, which steps are important to avoid falling off a bicycle?

twisting the handlebars quickly and wiggling the front wheel

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. The beginner usually exerts too much pressure on the pedals, and has to correct the falling tendency of the machine. This is very hard work, and stiff arms and shoulders and blistered hands may be often thus accounted for; they are the result of badly balanced pedaling. Which is the best paraphrase of the instructions?

Beginning riders tend to press too hard on the pedals, which can then cause the bike to fall over. Pedaling with poor balance is not only hard work, but it can also result in blisters and stiffness.

In an evaluation based on clarity, which of the following sentences would receive the lowest score due to unclear language?

Korns: An erect position, steady on the saddle, but when all is done, the crowning grace is that of apparent ease.

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. You may commence with the saddle a little low, but do not use it this way long enough to allow yourself to become fixed in a bad habit. Raise the saddle until high enough to cause a complete straightening out of the knee and a little dropping of the toes when the pedals are at the lowest point. Place the saddle far enough forward to get the position . . . . The peak of the saddle should be a little forward of the crank shaft. Which correctly lists the order of the first three steps in this procedure?

Start with the saddle low, then try raising the saddle higher, and then slide the saddle forward.

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. The bicycle is capable of such high speed that there is a strong temptation to ride so fast as to cause over exertion or excessive perspiration. On the other hand some people ride too slow, causing a zigzag and uncertain movement. While exercising reasonable caution, be a fearless rider. When you come to a steep hill, if the road is clear, let it go as fast as it will. If you rid yourself of that ghost of fear, coasting is one of the greatest delights of cycling. Which is the best paraphrase of the text?

The capability of a bicycle makes some people want to go very fast and others to go very slow. As long as you are careful, feel free to ride like the wind.

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. The handle-bars also assist in maintaining the seat at first. Which best paraphrases the sentence?

The handlebars keep the rider from falling off at first.

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. At each push of the pedal, a little pull on the handle-bars, pulling with the hand on the same side on which you are pushing with the foot, will keep the wheel from falling. Which is the best paraphrase of the text?

To keep from falling, if you're pushing down on the right pedal, then gently pull the handlebars on the right. If you're pushing down on the left pedal, then gently pull the handlebars on the left.

To improve her understanding of The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies, Lorena wrote this paraphrase of a sentence. Knowing when to lighten up on the top pedal requires practice. Which sentence is being paraphrased?

To take the pressure off the ascending pedal at the right moment is a more difficult matter.

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. As you place the saddle forward raise it in front. Many riders fail to do this, and the result is that they have to bear heavily on the handles to keep from slipping forward. Read the paraphrase that Bruno wrote to help him understand the excerpt. To avoid grabbing the handles too hard when you ride, slide the saddle forward but raise the front of the saddle, too. To improve his paraphrase, Bruno should

add information about avoiding "slipping forward" to include key details he skipped.

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. The beginner usually exerts too much pressure on the pedals, and has to correct the falling tendency of the machine. This is very hard work, and stiff arms and shoulders and blistered hands may be often thus accounted for; they are the result of badly balanced pedaling. To be able to sit comfortably at work, and to feel that it is not so hard after all, is a great advance. What would most add to the completeness of these excerpt?

an explanation of how to achieve the correct sitting position

Read the excerpt from The Common Sense of Bicycling: Bicycling for Ladies. When both feet are on the pedals, they oppose each other. The weight should be lifted from the ascending pedal, or else the descending foot must push the other foot up until that foot is in a position to exert a downward pressure. This instruction applies to forward pedaling only; for back pedaling or backing, the movement should be reversed. Practise pushing first with one foot and then with the other, taking the weight off the opposite pedal in each case. At each push of the pedal, a little pull on the handle-bars, pulling with the hand on the same side on which you are pushing with the foot, will keep the wheel from falling. In both excerpts, which evaluation category receives the highest rating

completeness, because the information is thorough