Speech Chapter 3

Resources

1. Your school library website 2. Access to other libraries and their websites 3. Links within library websites 4. Search engines within library websites 5. Databases within library websites Resources: You can find a list of internet links related to your research or writing skills. For example, you may find links for evaluating web material, writing essays, and avoiding plagiarism.

Reference Works

A great place to begin your research. Useful place to get brief statistics, facts, and quotations. Helpful in constructing your outline References works are a compilation of information such as facts, data, or definitions arranged for easy access (dictionaries, thesauruses, yearbooks, atlases). When to use: To locate brief definitions or segments of info To locate statistics and facts To assist you in using language effectively To start your research

Visible Web

Accessible through search engines

Evaluate Internet Sources

Check sources for 1. Accuracy 2. Responsibility 3. Impartiality 4. Currency

Conduct the Interview

Consider how the interview will go Think of follow-up questions Conduct the interview Consider interview material to be used in the presentation. Pay attention to appearance. Make sure any equipment you will use works. Arrive on time and be ready. Thank the interviewee for their time. Explain your topic and speech goal. Give the interviewee time to respond to each question. Allow yourself time to think of follow-up questions. Ask for clarification for anything you do not understand. Be an active listener. End on time. Thank the interviewee again. Take a few minutes afterward to write notes. Send the interviewee and thank you card.

Prepare for the Interview

Consider open-ended v. closed-ended Questions Decide how to recordthe interview Interviews are information-gathering sessions where you (the information-gathering sessions where you (the interviewer) ask either one person or a group (the interviewee/interviewees) a series of prepared questions. Prepare for the interview Set up a time and location Write your questions Decide how to record the interview

How Can You Gather Support Material With a Survey?

Consider the type of survey you want to use and the population you wish to survey. Create the Survey Conduct the Survey

Books

Considered extremely reliable Contain a large amount of detailed info Have bibliographies or source notes Often contain quotable passages Books can be nonfiction, fiction, edited collections, and anthologies. Disadvantages to note are that they may not have current information (check copyright date) and may require more time to read for information. When to use: To find important detail and contextual information about your topic. To locate facts, statistics, and examples.

Magazines

Contain a range of articles often related to a particular Like newspapers, use them to: Find facts, statistics, and examples Support current events or topics *Often related to a theme or focus Published weekly, monthly, or quarterly Advantages: often viewed as current and reliable; feature condensed info; use accessible language Disadvantages: similar to newspapers they may not give background info; may require finding other in-depth sources; may be outdated quickly

Prepare to Research

Create a list of source materials Use this checklist as you research Is this information accurate? Current and timely? Complete? Am I missing anything? Will my audience view the information and the source as trustworthy? Is the information suitable for my audience? Prepare to research Use chapter 4 to guide you on the types of support material you may find. Create a list of potential types of support material you may want to locate. Use the checklist shown as you research—keep in mind the five important characteristics of effective support material.

Personal Websites

Created by groups or individuals and focused on topics of personal interest Find material that humanizes your topic Collect personal information about the site author(s) More disadvantages than advantages! Take note that personal websites: Can be written by anyone. May require verifying information elsewhere. Often biased. May not credit all sources Use the search engines discussed on pages 72-73 to locate Web sites

The Catalog

Designed to help you locate materials physically owned by the library Items are catalogued by subjects assigned by The Library of Congress Librarians can help you narrow your search terms The catalog is designed to help you locate material, usually organized by subjects. You can usually search for publications by title, author, or subject.

Media-Assisted Interviews

E-mail Instant messaging Phone Use media-assisted interviews if necessary Phone interviews. Email interviews. Be sure you contact them in advance to formally request the interview. Limit questions in written interviews. Make sure you proofread them.

Search Engines

General Search Engines(Google, Bing) Metasearch Engines(Dogpile, Excite) Searching the Invisible Web(Google Scholar, Complete Planet) Web Directories(Google Directory, Dmoz)

What Can You Find Both On the Internet And in Libraries?

Government Resources Reference Works

Browser

Helps you surf the Web

The Web

Information-sharing model built atop the Internet

Journals

Journals are academic and professional publications Disadvantages High credibility Written in a formal style Issued at particular intervals, such as quarterly Advantages: Have extremely high credibility. Are written and reviewed by experts or specialists in the field. Include extensive bibliographies where you may find further sources. Disadvantages: Are written in a formal style that may need to be adapted for your audience. Use language specific to the field that may be difficult to understand. When to use: To find detailed facts and statistics. To locate expert testimony. When highly credible sources are needed. With a highly educated audience.

Know the Appropriate Style Manual

Know the appropriate style manual APA: American Psychological Association MLA: Modern Language Association Applies to how you format your outline and sources. Citing sources properly is the only way to avoid plagiarism.

Internet

Massive worldwide network of hardware

Invisible Web

Material not accessible through search engines

How Can You Use the InternetTo Access Libraries?

Most libraries will allow you some access to their catalogs and databases. Can you think of any examples?

Web Sites

Multiple, unified pages that begin with a home page

Databases

Multiple-subject Helpful for broader research Contains many sources Specialized Helps focus research once your topic is narrowed Related to specific topics Databases are extensive collections of published works, like magazines, journals, and newspapers. Multiple-subject databases contain sources across disciplines and periodicals. For example, LexisNexis, JSTOR, and Project MUSE. Specialized databases contain sources related to specific disciplines or topics. For example, ERIC, OVID, Bloom's Literacy Reference Online.

Create the Survey

Points to consider: Format Layout Options How can you gather support material with a survey? Create a survey Surveys benefit more from closed-ended questions. Ask about one issue and offer specific responses plus an option to add one not there.

How Can You Gather Support Material In an Interview?

Prepare for the Interview Conduct the Interview Media-Assisted Interviews

How Do You Take Good Research Notes?

Prepare to Research Use a Note-Taking System Know the Appropriate Style Manual (APA or MLA)

Newspapers

Published daily, weekly, or biweekly Can be local, national, or international Current and reliable Rarely cite references and background info More Advantages: Feature condensed information and use accessible language More Disadvantages: May require finding other in-depth sources and may be outdated quickly Use them to find current facts and statistics, locate extended examples, or to support current events or topics

Conduct the Survey

Select individuals who represent population subgroups Survey a large enough sample Factor in the location Conduct the survey Select a sample. Select individuals who represent subgroups across the entire population. Survey a large enough sample. Factor in the location.

Use a Note-Taking System

Take hand-written notes Photocopy support materials Or use a combination of the two! Use a note-taking system Take handwritten notes on note cards or sheets of paper. Photocopy or print pages containing support material. Use a combination of written note taking and copying/printing. Remember that no matter what method you use, you will need to include specific citation information.

Nonprofit Organization Websites

These are for local, national, and international not-for-profit organizations dedicated to particular issues or causes Use them: To locate detailed information about a particular issue or organization For emotional appeal examples Advantages: Can provide background or information on an issue; Usually considered reliable sources; Tend to use accessible language Disadvantages: May be biased; Author credentials often difficult to locate; Paid advertisements may signal bias Tips on locating: Search online using the name of the organization or issue it supports

Special Collections or Rare Books

Unique to each particular library Use them when you need unique facts, statistics, and examples from rare materials Disadvantages May be far away or difficult to locate. May not allow access to everyone. May require you to view materials under special conditions. May not allow you to touch or photocopy the items. Ask your local librarian for help.

Blogs

Use them to: Find examples of public opinion Learn about new developments about your topic Gauge if a topic is controversial Blogs—contains regular postings by its author(s)—often in the form of a journal—and may allow visitors to comment. Advantages: Can be current; Can be helpful if looking for public opinion; Can offer unique material Disadvantages: Often biased; May require verifying information elsewhere; May not credit all sources Use blog search engines to find them: Google Blog Search, Blogarama, Bloglines, Technorati

Commercial Websites

Use them to: Locate information about a company Gather supporting material from sites of respected news organizations Find presentation aids Commercial websites are created and maintained by for-profit businesses or organizations. Advantages: Can offer info in print; May be current (check dates); May be seen by your audience too Disadvantages: Are often biased; You may need to verify information; May not credit all sources of information. Tips on locating: Use a search engine to find a specific site or search your topic to locate related sites

Government Resources

Use them when you need: To locate statistics and facts To locate policy information To locate practical information Government resources contain information sources created by local, state, and federal government agencies (books, reports, bills, pamphlets). Advantages: Often viewed as highly credible. Often very current. Often contain information not available elsewhere. Often have extensive bibliographies where you might find further material. Disadvantages: The amount of publications can be overwhelming. May not include citation information. Sometimes difficult to locate the specific publication you are looking for. Federal resources can be found at www.usa.gov, gpoaccess.gov website, or the E-government and Web Directory.

Are online newspapers and journals just as credible as the print versions?

Yes

Do you cite something you got from another source, even if you paraphrased it?

Yes

What Does the Library Have to Offer You?

a.) College library is more academic research. b.) Public library has more history and state statistics. c.) Special libraries are usually connected to a famous person, company, organization, government agency, or museum.