speech midterm study guide

delivery outline

o Use standard outline form o Include introduction and conclusion in abbreviated form o Include central idea, not purpose o Include supporting material and signposts o Include deliveryuo cues

How can improving listening help improve critical thinking skills?

-Separate facts from interferences -evaluate quality of evidence -evaluate the underlying logic and reasoning

Give an example of a central idea

"A wheat belly diet is based on reducing the amount of processed foods that you eat, avoiding all processed flour, and increasing amount of exercise you get.

preparation outline?

-a detailed outline of a speech that includes the central idea, main ideas, and supporting material; and that may also include the specific purpose, introduction, conclusion, and references o Can be in a concept map form o Use complete sentences o Use standard outline form o Indent main ideas, points, sub points, and supporting material properly o Write and label your specific purpose at the top of your preparation outline o Have the blueprint, key signposts, and introduction and conclusions

What are the three major divisions of a speech?

Introduction, body, and conclusion.

Specific Purpose

A concise statement of the desired audience response, indicating what you want your listeners to remember, feel, or do when you finish speaking

What are some potential methods of generating main ideas?

Asking yourself the following: Does the central idea have logical divisions? Can you think of several reasons the central idea is true? Can you support the central idea with a series of steps?

What criteria are used to evaluate a speech and what kind of feedback is most effective?

Be descriptive, be specific, be positive, be constructive, be sensitive, be realistic.

What are the basic steps of a speech process?

Consider your audience, determine your purpose, develop your central idea, generate main ideas, gather supporting material, and organize your speech, rehearse your speech, and deliver your speech.

When analyzing the information given to you by your audience, what sort of things might you look for in the data?

Demographic Audience Analysis: age, gender and sex orientations, and culture, ethnicity, and race. Group memberships (religious groups, political, work, social, and service groups), adapting to diverse leaders (focus on target audience, use diverse strategies, and identify common values) Psychological Audience Analysis: analyzing attitudes toward the topic, your speech class as an audience, analyzing attitudes toward you, the speaker Situational Audience Analysis: time, size of audience, location, occasion

What is demographic analysis and what characteristics to develop a clear and effective message for your audience?

Examining demographic information about an audience so as to develop a clear and affective message. Characteristics include age, gender orientations, and culture, ethnicity, or race.

What does Murphy's Law teach us about using PAs?

If something can go wrong, it will

Why is it important to consider the audience when selecting a speech topic?

If the topic does not interest the audience or is irrelevant, you will lose the attention of them as well as their interest in trying to learn and understand your topic.

What kind of supporting material should speakers seek out?

Interesting (personal and concrete and should appeal to senses) and visual supporting material (presentation aids). • Facts, examples, definitions, and quotations • The material should be interesting, relevant, and memorable

What are the biological causes of nervousness?

It can be genetic. Some people may inherit a tendency to feel anxious about speaking in public. It is both a trait and a state. It is best to focus on things you can change rather than the things you can't.

Why is being audience centered important in every step of this process?

It involves making decisions about the content and delivery of your speech before you speak. based on knowledge of your audience's values, beliefs, and knowledge. It also means being aware of your audience's responses during the speech so you can make appropriate adjustments. • So you do not offend your audience in any type of way • To ensure that your speech is not boring and that you are interesting them • To ensure that your speech is at a level that is not too difficult for the audience to understand

What does "audience adaptation" mean, and how might a speaker do it?

It means adjusting one's topic, purpose, and language as well as communication style to best communicate your speech to the audience. A speaker might do it by the following: -identifying nonverbal audience clues: eye contact, facial expression, movement, nonverbal responsiveness and verbal responsiveness -responding to nonverbal clues

Why is it important to study public speaking (hint: empowerment/employment).

Its important for both empowerment and employment. For empowerment, it is to have the resources, information, and attitudes that will help you achieve a certain goal. It can also give you an edge against other speakers. For employment, it is the key to success in any line of work. The skills that are learned are most sought after by any employer. People seek candidates who can public speak and have presentation ability.

What should speakers do to rehearse their speeches effectively?

Rehearse your speech aloud, standing just how you would if you were delivering all while finding comfortable ways to phrase ideas. Practice making eye contact, and be sure to speak loudly.

Describe the seven elements of the Communication process as explained on pages 5 through 7 of the text, and be able to give examples of each.

Source- The job of the speaker (source) is to encode the ideas and images in his or her mid into a code that the audience recognizes. Message- The speech itself, what is said and how it is said. Listeners should be able to decode verbal and nonverbal into message. Channels- Message is transmitted between 2 channels: visual and auditory. Receiver- Individual audience member who decodes the message based on his or her own past experiences. Noise- External and Internal. External would be coughing or a crying baby, while internal would be thoughts inside someone's head that is affecting how they interpret the speech. Feedback- Interactive way for both the audience and the speaker to adjust things to make their speech better. Context- Environment or situation in which the speech occurs. Elements such as time, [place, and traditions or expectations.

What are the three general types of general purposes for speeches?

Speaking to inform Speaking to persuade Speaking to entertain

What is disposition?

The organization and arrangement of ideas and illustrations.

What is audience analysis?

The process of examining information about those who are expected to listen to a speech.

What does it mean to "consider your audience", and how does a speaker do that?

The selection of topic, purpose, and major ideas should be based on a thorough understanding of your listeners. Identify and analyze information about the audience. Be audience centered. Consider the culturally diverse backgrounds of your audience.

What elements of the situation affect your speech?

Time, size of audience, location, and occasion.

What tips does the book give for speech delivery?

Walk calmly and confidently to the front of the room, establishing eye contact with the audience. Concrete your message and your audience. Deliver just as you practiced remembering all the techniques you practiced.

How might you use each of these characteristics to develop a clear and effective message for your audience?

You are better able to direct your message directly to connect with your audience and to their beliefs and interests

Central Idea

a one sentence summary of the speech content. Identifies the essence of your message

attitude

an individual's likes or dislikes

belief

an individual's perception of what is true or false

value

enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong

General purpose

the overarching goal of a speech, to inform, persuade, or entertain

A central idea?

• A complete declarative sentence • Direct, specific language • Single idea

What citation style is used in COM 115?

• APA

What are the main requirements for outlines in COM 115?

• APA format • Full sentence format • Proper outlien format • Include transitions • Main points • Sub points • Sub-subpoints • Appropriate organization pattern • In text citations • List general and specific purpose along with central idea

What's the difference between pedagogy and andragogy?

• Pedagogy: the art and science of teaching children • Andragogy: the art and science of teaching adults

How can listeners improve their skills in listening with their eyes, listening mindfully, skillfully, and ethically?

• Accurately interpret nonverbal messages o Consider contex o Look for clusters o Look for clues of linking o Adapt your listening to the speaker's delivery • Listen mindfully o Be aware of whether you are listening or not o Monitor and control your emotional reactions o Be a selfish listener

Where should the general purpose, specific purpose, and central idea appear?

• At the very beginning

What is a blueprint of a speech and why is it beneficial?

• Blueprint: the central idea of a speech plus a preview of the main ideas • Helps you organize your speech

What kinds of strategies enhance audience recall, and can you give examples?

• Build in redundancy • Make your key ideas short and simple • Pace your information flow • Reinforce key ideas

Describe why speakers often feel nervous about speaking in public.

• Concern about not being prepared • Worry about one's looks • Pressure to preform • Personal insecurity • Concern that the audience wouldn't be interested in oneself or the speech • Lack of experience • Fear of making mistakes • Overall fail of failure

What are three guidelines for selecting a speech topic?

• Consider the audience • Consider the occasion • Consider yourself

The seven types of 2D PAs?

• Drawings • Photographs • Maps • Graphs • Charts • Flipcharts • Chalk boards and whiteboards

What are the pillars of public affairs at MSU?

• Ethical leadership • Cultural competence • Community engagement

What is the difference between a general purpose and a specific purpose?

• General Purpose: the broad reason for a speech; to inform, to persuade, or to entertain audience • Specific Purpose: A statement of what listeners should be able to do by the end of the speech

What are hard evidence, soft evidence, primacy, and recency?

• Hard evidence: factual examples • Soft evidence: supporting material based mainly on opinion or interference; includes hypothetical illustrations, descriptions, explanations, definitions, and analogies • Primacy: arrangement of ideas from the most important to the least important • Recency: arrangement of ideas from the least to the most important

What are three guidelines for developing a statement of purpose?

• If it is to inform, entertain, or to persuade

How can you ensure your topic is audience-centered?

• If you consider your audience's needs, interests, expectations, and knowledge

What are some practical ways to customize your speech to the audience?

• If your audience seems bored: o Tell a story o Use personal experience o Increase speaking energy o Pick up pace of delivery • If your audience seems confused: o Try rephrasing information o Ask for feedback to help discover what is unclear o Use visual aid o Use concreate examples • If your audience seems to disagree with your message o Provide additional evidence and data o Identify issues in which you agree with your audience o Remind you listeners of your credibility

Where do transitions appear on the preparation outline?

• In between main points and before your first main point and before conclusion

What are the barriers for effective listening and how can they be overcome?

• Information Overload o A balance between new information and supporting material • Personal Concerns o Consciously work to maintain you audience's attention by using occasional wake-up messages o Use good eye contact, good volume and voice variation • Outside destructions o Reduce distractions visual and audial, discourage whispering • Prejudice o Get the attention of your audience at the beginning of the speech o Make sure you do not use sayings that could be misinterpreted

Can you explain why one might be better than another for particular topics?

• It depends on your topic and what you want your audience to get out of your message

What role does communication play in public affairs?

• It makes the mission possible

What are the basic principles a speaker must follow when using Powerpoint?

• Keep sights and sounds simple • Control computer images • Repeats visual elements to unify your presentation • Choose a typeface with care • Make informed decisions about using color • Allow plenty of time to prepare your aid

What can speakers do to reduce their nervousness?

• Know your audience • Don't procrastinate • Select appropriate topic • Prepare • Be organized • Know your introduction and conclusion • Channel your nervous energy

What are some general guidelines for developing PAs?

• Make them easy to see • Keep them simple • Select the right presentation aid • Do not use dangerous or illegal presentation aids

What are some strategies a speaker can use to maintain audience interest?

• Motivate your audience to listen to you • Tell a story • Present information that relates to you listeners • Use the unexpected

What are examples of the three types of 3D PAs?

• Objects • Models • People

What are the differences between the types of informative speeches, and can you provide examples of each?

• Objects: Present information about tangible things o Mars rover o Religious icons • Procedures: review how something works or describe a process o CPR o How to buy a car • People: describe famous people or personal acquaintances o Your favorite teacher o Mom • Events: Describe an event that either has happened or will happen o Christmas o Halloween • Ideas: Present abstract information or discuss principles, concepts, theories, or issues o Immigration o Communism

What are in-text citations?

• Parenthetical citations where you use the information in the outlines

How does a speaker analyze the audience while they speak?

• Pay attention to the nonverbal cues o Eye contact, facial expressions, movement • Pay attention to verbal cues o When you ask questions is your audience answering back?

What can a speaker do to enhance their clarity?

• Preview your main ideas in your introduction • Tell your listeners how what you present relates to a previous point • Frequently summarize key ideas • Provide a visual outline to help listeners follow your ideas • Once you announce your topic and outline, stay on message

What are the five main ways a speaker might organize a speech?

• Primacy: arrangement of ideas from the most important to the least important • Recency: arrangement of ideas from the least to the most important • Complexity: arrangement of ideas from the simple to the more complex • Spatial organization: organization based on location or direction • Cause and effect organization: organization that focuses on a situation and its causes or a situation and its effects • Problem solving organizations: organization focused on a problem and its various solutions or on a solution and the problems it would solve

What principles of adult learning can you use in your informative speeches?

• Provide information that is applicable to audience members needs and interests • Involve listeners in learning process • Connect listener's life experiences with the new information they learn • Help listeners solve their problems

What are the guidelines for using presentational aids?

• Rehearse with your presentation aid • Make eye contact with your audience not your presentation aid • Use handouts effectively • Time the use of visuals to control your audience's attention • Use technology effectively • Remember murphy's law

What are the listening styles, and which one are you?

• Relational-oriented listening: listeners prefer to attend to feelings and to search for common areas of interest when listening to others • Task oriented listening: listeners are focused on accomplishing something; they like efficient, clear, and brief messages. They listen for verbs to determine what action needs to be taken • Analytical listening: listeners prefer to withhold judgement, listen to all sides of an issue, and wait until they hear the facts before reaching a conclusion • Critical thinking: listeners are likely to listen for the facts and evidence to support key ideas and an underlying logic; they also listen for errors, inconsistencies and discrepancies

What are the stages of the listening process?

• Selecting: to single out a message from several competing messages • Attending: to focus on incoming information for further processing • Understand: to assign meaning to the information to which you attend • Remember: to recall ideas and information • Respond: to react with a change in behavior to a speaker's message

What are the differences between signposts, transitions (verbal and nonverbal), previews (initial, internal), and summaries?

• Signposts: cues about the relationships between a speaker's ideas • Preview: a statement of what is to come • Initial preview: a statement in the introduction of a speech of what the main ideas of the speech will be • Internal preview: a statement in the body of a speech that introduces and outlines ideas that will be developed as the speech progresses • Transitions: a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker has finished discussing one idea and is moving to another • Verbal transition: a word of phrase that indicates the relationship between two ideas • Nonverbal transition: a facial expression, vocal cue, or physical movement that indicates that a speaker is moving from one idea to the next • Summary: a recap of what has been said • Final summary: a restatement of the main ideas of a speech, occurring near the end of the speech • Internal summary: a restatement in the body of a speech of the ideas that have been developed so far

What are the three potential goals of informative speaking?

• Speake to enhance understanding • Speak to maintain interest • Speak to be remembered

What is the Vicki Stanton Public Speaking Showcase?

• Speaking engagement where students from each class compete

What events and trends does the textbook highlight within the history of public speaking?

• The golden age • Twentieth Century age of Political Oratory • The Technological Age of Public Speaking

In a preparation outline, where are full-sentences required?

• The transitions introduction, main points, sub points, etc. Everything is full sentences

What are some ways of effectively integrating supporting material?

• This can be done by primacy or recency, specificity, complexity, and soft to hard evidence

how might you adapt your speech to attitudes, beliefs, values

• To adapt your speech if your audience seems interested in your views and what you are speaking about then you need to hold and amplify your speech. If your audience seems uninterested then you need to find ways to hook them. It is important to find out your audiences viewpoints in order to not offend them and keep their attention

Why is it important to take time to clarify ideas or processes that might be unfamiliar to your audience?

• To ensure that your listeners are getting what they are supposed to out of your message • It is important to clarify so your audience doesn't lose interest

A specific purpose?

• Use words that refer to observable or measureable behavior • Limit the specific purpose to a single idea • Make sure your specific purpose reflects the interests, expectations, and knowledge level of your audience