sport management test #2

Which Olympic Games achieved such levels of marketing success that they led to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) becoming an international sport marketing juggernaut?

1984 Los Angeles Games

______________ can occur when an agency represents a free-agent basketball player as well as several NBA team

A conflict of interest

Which Olympic Games were the first to allow the five Olympic rings to be used in corporate advertising?

A. 1984 Summer Games

Which event in 1972 did contribute to the professionalization and commercialization of Olympic sport?

A. the Soviet Union's defeat of the U.S. men's Olympic basketball team B. accusations of under-the-table payments to athletes by sporting goods manufacturers C. a close series between Canadian NHL all-stars and the Soviet Union hockey team

T O F: to create social change and challenge stereotypical beliefs pertaining to gender, power, and leadership, men must be seen in more positions of power within the world of sport.

False

The X Games promotes its product to consumers who exhibit an extreme sport lifestyle. This is an example of

Market Segmentation

which of the following is considered the structured game plan for an organizations marketing activities

Marketing Plan

A consumer's attitudes, interests, and lifestyles are referred to as?

Psychographics

Which organization was the first national governing body in the United States to integrate Paralympic athletes into its operating structure?

U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association

Which of the following is a sport organization governed by the U.S. Constitution?

a and b: public school athletic departments and state university athletic departments

The U.S. Congress has enacted legislation in which of the following subject areas?

a and c: daily fantasy sports and gender equity

Which of the following is a benefit of sport

a and c: it's a socializing agent and a unifier

what is the purpose of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)?

adjudicating issues such as international athlete eligibility and breaches of fair play

Which of the following is not a current issue in international sport governance according to chapter 19?

athlete racism

_______________ is the process of using a name, design, symbol, or any combination of the three to help differentiate a sport product from the competition.

branding

_______________ relations are designed to foster a positive image of the sport organization, result in new revenue, and demonstrate social responsibility.

community

Which of the following can reflect monetary damages for medical bills and lost days of work?

compensatory damages

Which of the following are current issues in international sport governance according to chapter 19?

corporate sponsorship of major international sporting events, drug testing and arbitration, Paralympic governance

Which communication theory states that one of the ways the mass media affect large numbers of people is when people who receive a message through the media then share that message with others?

diffusion of information

What is prohibited under Title III of the ADA?

discrimination in places of public accommodation

Which of the following is not one of the typical duties for a sport media relations specialist?

engaging in partnerships with charitable organizations

What is the last step of the 10 strategic and tactical considerations of sport marketing?

evaluating

Which of the following functions involves tournament operations, hospitality and entertainment, fan engagement, sponsorship and ticket sales, and public relations?

event management and marketing

A psychology degree is preferable for those entering careers in sport management and marketing agencies.

false

Proximate cause represents the failure to act as another reasonably prudent person would have acted in a like or similar circumstance.

false

T O F: Race logic in sports assumes that the achievements of Black athletes are attributed to discipline, intelligence, and hard work.

false

T O F: Solicitation involves becoming a smaller organization by reducing personnel or departments.

false

T O F: Sport management experts predict that international exchanges of athletes across a broad cross section of sports ranging from youth to near-elite levels will become less popular over the next decade.

false

T O F: The IOC is responsible for drug enforcement in the Olympic Games and other international sporting events.

false

T O F: The Uniform Athlete Agents Act (UAAA) allows student-athletes to cancel an agency contract within 30 days after it is signed.

false

T O F: The public information model of communication is a two-way model that has imbalanced effects.

false

T O F: some critics say that achieving upward mobility is easier in sports than in other professions such as medicine, law, education, science, and engineering.

false

T O F: the fact that Black MLB players have dominated the positions of pitcher, catcher, and infielder adds credence to stacking theory.

false

T o F: The marketing mix serves as a road map or game plan for an organization's marketing activities.

false

the American judicial system is divided into two distinctly separate systems. What are these systems?

federal and state

Which element of the marketing mix is the most visible and flexible?

price

Which of the following have grown as corporate sport sponsorship continues to grow in popularity?

rights fees and media commitments (both a and c)

What do sport sociologists rely on to examine institutions and organizations?

sociological theories and concepts

The process by which people in sport, in a sport setting, or through a sport endeavor share symbols as they create meaning through interaction is called

sport communication

Which of the following is not an element of the strategic sport communication model (SSCM)?

sport legal issues

Community relations professionals must deal with the ethical issue of

stewardship

Which of the following sport management and marketing agency functions is undertaken for all four main client groups (i.e., talent, properties, corporate brands, media companies)?

strategic planning

Which of the following sport communication models is a two-way model meant to foster mutual understanding?

symmetrical

sport management and marketing agencies perform functions for industry stakeholder groups defined as

talent, properties, corporate brands, media companies

When developing a pricing strategy, what should the sport organization analyze about the company?

the costs involved in producing the product

Which event in 1972 did not contribute to the professionalization and commercialization of Olympic sport?

the unveiling of the first-ever Olympic mascot, a dachshund named Waldi

A result of the passing and enforcement of Title IX is that women's athletics has witnessed tremendous growth and popularity.

true

In the O'Bannon v. NCAA case, it was ruled that the NCAA violated federal antitrust law for restricting compensation to college athletes.

true

Positioning is based on the type of consumers who purchase the product, the design and benefit of the product, the price of the product, and where the product or event takes place. True

true

Publicity rights evolved from invasion of privacy rights but are now recognized by many states by statute or common law as independent rights.

true

T O F: A basic knowledge of how a sport operates internationally, the specific rules of the game, how the sport is structured, and where the locus of power resides in the sport can enhance a future sport manager's marketability.

true

T O F: A full-service agency performs strategic planning, sponsorship solicitation, marketing activation, and event management tasks.

true

T O F: Common contexts for communication include interpersonal, group, organizational, and mass mediated.

true

T O F: Female athletes are often pressured to embrace a feminine image by dressing in skirts and wearing makeup and jewelry.

true

T O F: Market conditions have a profound influence on sport, which does not exist in isolation.

true

T O F: Research has shown that homophobic beliefs and heterosexist practices affect the lives of female athletes on a daily basis.

true

T O F: Sport has incredible potential to serve as a vehicle for positive youth development and social change.

true

T O F: The first sport management and marketing agencies were formed primarily to represent athletes in contract negotiations and to seek endorsements and other revenue streams for these athletes.

true

T O F: With respect to leadership positions in women's sports in the United States, women have lost far more than they have gained since the passage of Title IX.

true

T O F: specialty agencies specialize in a specific type of service or a specific stakeholder clientele.

true

which communication theory states that audience members self-select which mass media messages to embrace based on their psychological dispositions and needs?

uses and gratification

Which city hosted the first Paralympic Winter Games

Örnsköldsvik