Spotlight D

A large research trial using a _____ supplement was stopped early due to evidence of possible harm. a. vitamin C b. vitamin D c. beta-carotene d. calcium e. magnesium

C

A _____ supplement is commonly recommended for older adults. a. vitamin C b. vitamin E c. vitamin D d. vitamin A e. vitamin K

D

Which of the following labeling terms prove that a product is safe? a. natural b. pure c. quality d. quality-assured e. None of these is correct.

E

Foods that contain nutrients or other constituents that may enhance their contribution to health and disease prevention beyond their basic nutritional content are called: a. supplements. b. functional foods. c. vitamins. d. probiotics. e. botanicals.

B

Ingredients that were already in the food supply prior to October 15, 1994, do not need FDA approval before being marketed. These substances are referred to as: a. free of harm. b. generally recognized as safe (GRAS). c. qualified health claims. d. supplement facts. e. complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

B

A dietary supplement label must contain all of the following EXCEPT: a. identification that the product is a dietary supplement. b. the scientific or common name of botanical ingredients. c. a list of the product's dietary ingredients. d. identification of any known adverse effects of the product. e. the percent daily value for those nutrients with recommendations.

D

Mild to moderate depression may be helped by: a. licorice root. b. black cohosh. c. senna. d. St. John's wort. e. holy basil.

D

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends that the best nutrition-based strategy for health is to: a. take a multivitamin/mineral supplement each day. b. include a probiotic supplement with each meal. c. ensure that your calcium supplement also contains vitamin D. d. eat a wide variety of foods. e. supplement with iron once a month.

D

Dietary supplement labels may contain a _____, which describes how a product could affect the body's structure or function. a. structure/function claim b. cautionary statement c. daily value d. list of ingredients e. health claim

A

Symptoms such as diarrhea, fatigue, nerve damage, birth defects, and nutrient interaction can all be a result of: a. ingesting very high doses of certain supplements (above the upper limit). b. eating more than four servings of meat a day. c. consuming more than nine servings of fruits and vegetables a day. d. eating a high-fiber diet. e. drinking more than five servings of milk a day.

A

An individual with lactose intolerance may benefit from taking supplemental: a. potassium and vitamin K. b. calcium and vitamin D. c. magnesium and vitamin A. d. calcium and vitamin C. e. sodium and vitamin E.

B

Which of the following is NOT an example of an FDA-approved health claim? a. Adequate calcium throughout life, as part of a well-balanced diet, prevents osteoporosis. b. Diets low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure, a disease associated with many factors. c. Diets rich in whole-grain foods and other plant foods and low in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease and some cancers. d. Diets containing foods that are a good source of potassium and that are low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. e. Although many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of this disease.

A

Digestive enzymes are NOT categorized as a dietary supplement. a. true b. false

B

. Which of the following may be either added to or naturally a part of functional foods? a. lycopene b. anthocyanins c. fiber d. probiotics e. All of these are correct.

E

A dietary supplement may contain which of the following ingredients? a. vitamins b. minerals c. herbs d. amino acids e. All of these are correct.

E

A potential negative outcome of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) is that: a. substances that were already in the food supply prior to the DSHEA were grandfathered in as "generally recognized as safe." b. the FDA must prove that a substance is unsafe in order to restrict its use or remove it from market. c. once the FDA announces that a product is unsafe, it can be difficult to remove it from market. d. the FDA does not approve new dietary ingredients or supplements; they are free to be marketed 75 days after the information has been submitted to the FDA. e. All of these are correct.

E

Dietary supplements are a _____ per year industry. a. $10 million b. $50 million c. $100 million d. $1 billion e. $35 billion

E

Live beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods are called: a. prebiotics. b. probiotics. c. phytonutrients. d. phytochemicals. e. supplements.

B

Long-term use of _____ may result in liver injury. a. licorice root b. black cohosh c. senna d. St. John's wort e. holy basil

B

Regular use of multivitamin/mineral supplements has been shown to decrease the risk of death or chronic disease. a. true b. false

B

The FDA has strict guidelines for approving dietary supplements for safety before they are made available to consumers. a. true b. false

B

The main difference between a health claim and a structure/function claim is that the FDA has NOT evaluated a health claim and HAS evaluated a structure/function claim. a. true b. false

B

Which act recently expanded some of the FDA's authority over supplement manufacturers? a. the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act b. the Food Safety Modernization Act c. the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act d. the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act e. the Food Labeling Act

B

Which of the following is an example of an acceptable structure/function claim to include on a label? a. Calcium prevents osteoporosis. b. Calcium builds strong bones. c. Fiber maintains bowel regulatory. d. Vitamin C prevents cancer. e. Calcium builds strong bones and Fiber maintains bowel regulatory.

E

. Which of the following is NOT true regarding a qualified health claim? a. These claims must be approved by the FDA. b. An example of a qualified health claim is "Vitamin C may reduce the risk of gastric cancer. FDA has concluded that there is very little scientific evidence for this claim." c. Qualified health claims are approved based on significant scientific agreement (SSA) about the publicly available scientific evidence. d. Language is included in a qualified health claim to indicate that the evidence supporting the relationship is limited. e. An example of a qualified health claim is "Green tea may reduce the risk of breast or prostate cancer. FDA has concluded that there is very little scientific evidence for this claim."

C

A plant or plant part valued for its health-promoting properties, flavor, and/or scent is a(n): a. vitamin. b. mineral. c. botanical. d. enzyme. e. amino acid.

C

There are _____ primary herbs with _____ names. a. 200; 200 b. 1000; 3000 c. 550; 1800 d. 550; 550 e. 5000; 10,000

C

There is no approved health claim for a link between: a. neural tube defects and folate. b. cancer and fiber-containing grain products, fruits, and vegetables. c. the common cold and vitamin C. d. hypertension and sodium. e. cancer and dietary fat.

C

This group represents the largest percent of new food products introduced to the market over the last decade. a. vitamin supplements b. herbal supplements c. functional foods d. mineral supplements e. energy drinks

C

Which herb has a possible laxative effect? a. licorice root b. black cohosh c. senna d. St. John's wort e. holy basil

C

Which of the following is TRUE regarding dietary supplement labeling requirements? a. Supplements that contain plant material must indicate the part of the plant used. b. The standard common name and scientific name of botanical ingredients must be provided. c. Structure/function claims are not allowed to appear on vitamin supplements. d. Only substances and ingredients that have recommendations are allowed on the supplement panel. e. All of these are correct.

C

The most common dietary supplement taken by Americans is: a. calcium. b. vitamin E. c. beta carotene. d. a multivitamin and multimineral. e. vitamin C.

D

Which of the following is NOT true concerning herbal supplements? a. Examples include echinacea, St. John's wort, ginseng, and ginkgo. b. Herbal supplements can have drug-like effects. c. Herbal supplements can contain toxins. d. Herbal supplements have a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) associated with them. e. Herbal supplements can be dried preparations of flowers, leaves, bark, roots or seeds.

D

_____ foster the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut, while _____ are bacteria that may confer gastrointestinal and other health benefits. a. Digestive enzymes; prebiotics b. Amino acids; prebiotics c. Probiotics; digestive enzymes d. Prebiotics; probiotics e. Prebiotics; amino acids

D

Dietary supplements may be beneficial for: a. a pregnant woman. b. someone who is on a diet with restricted kilocalorie intake. c. an elderly man who stays indoors and avoids milk. d. a healthy college student. e. a pregnant woman, someone who is on a diet with restricted kilocalorie intake, and an elderly man who stays indoors and avoids milk.

E

Examples of functional foods include all of the following EXCEPT: a. broccoli. b. strawberries. c. salmon. d. yogurt. e. butter.

E

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) dictates that _____ is responsible for providing evidence that a dietary supplement product is safe. a. the FDA b. the USDA c. the EPA d. an independent agency e. the manufacturer of the product

E

When evaluating a multivitamin supplement, it is best to look for which of the following information on the label? a. more than 300% of the RDA on most nutrients b. USP seal (U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention) or NSF seal (NSF International) c. expiration date d. formula for your age and gender e. USP seal (U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention) or NSF seal (NSF International), expiration date, and formula for your age and gender

E

Which of the following is NOT true about supplement use in older adults? a. Older adults are more likely to take dietary supplements than younger adults. b. Older adults are more likely to take one or more medications and thus are at higher risk for interactions between supplements and medications. c. Vitamin B12 supplements are recommended for older adults due to less absorption of this vitamin. d. Vitamin D supplements are recommended for older adults because they tend to synthesize less of this vitamin. e. Folic acid supplements are recommended for older adults to reduce neural tube defect risk.

E

Which of the following is a reliable way for consumers to assess the quality of a supplement? a. Look for the United States Pharmacopeial Conception (USP) seal of approval on the product label. b. Look for the NSF International (NSF) seal of approval on the product label. c. Look for natural products. d. Look for health claims. e. Look for the United States Pharmacopeial Conception (USP) seal of approval on the product label and look for the NSF International (NSF) seal of approval on the product label.

E