SS.912.A.1.4, SS.912.A.2.1, SS.912.A.3.1, SS.912.A.3.2

fail

don't ____

d.

"The American Beauty Rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. This is not an evil tendency in business. It is merely the working-out of a law of nature and a law of God. " -John Rockefeller Which of the following conclusions could be drawn about John Rockefeller based on the quote above? A. He was a strong supporter of government regulation in business. B. He was a proponent of trust-busting and opposed any one company having too much control over an industry. C. He welcomed competitors because he knew competition was beneficial to consumers. D. He supported the theory of Social Darwinism.

B

"We have been taught to hunt and live on the game. You tell us that we must learn to farm, live in one house, and take on your ways. Suppose the people living beyond the great sea should come and tell you that you must stop farming, and kill your cattle and take your houses and lands, what would you do? Would you not fight them?" --Gall, a Hunkpapa Sioux Indian, quoted in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee What was Gall's view of future relations between the Plains Indians and the settlers? A. Peaceful coexistence B. Further conflict C. Mutual respect D. Equality

C.

"Where trade unions are most firmly organized, there are the rights of the people most respected." Based on your knowledge of the labor movement in the late 19th and early 20th century, to whom would this quote be attributed? A. Theodore Roosevelt B. John Rockefeller C. Samuel Gompers D. Andrew Carnegie

Here is what the cartoon is based on: In the summer of 1954, a branch of the American Legion denounced the Girl Scouts, calling the "one world" ideas advocated in their publications "un-American." This was clearly a result of the McCarthy trials. 1. Men from the Illinois American Legion are hiding in the forest spying on Girl Scouts who are roasting marshmellows. They have a book titled "How to detect subversion and witchcraft". 2. Senator Joseph McCarthy 3. Communism 4. He seems to believe that spying on Girl Scouts is ridiculous. This is indicated through his quote that the girls have marshmellows as weapons. 5. There are many possible answers including: after 9/11 french fries were called "freedom fries"

1. Describe the action in the cartoon. 2. The man pictured on the flag is whom? 3. What was the man on the flag trying to root out of America? 4. What is the artist's position on the event portrayed? Back up your position with at least one piece of proof from the cartoon. 5. Can you think of any contemporary examples where this type of hysteria resulted in an unfair depiction of someone or something?

1. A man is stopping two men from crossing a line. 2. Uncle Sam, representing the U.S. 3. Great Britain and Germany. 4. The line which says "Monroe Doctrine". 5. European nations need to stay behind the line of the Monroe Doctrine which blocks their entry into Latin America.

1. Describe what is happening in this cartoon. 2. Who is the figure on the right? 3. Who are the two figures on the left? 4. What is the figure on the right pointing to? 5. What is the message of the cartoon?

1. A rooster is guarding a chicken coop by marching back and forth in front of it. 2. The United States 3. European nations, Italy, Germany, England, France. 4. The U.S. has locked up the European nations with the Monroe Doctrine, which states that the Western Hemisphere is off limits to European settlement.

1. What is happening in the cartoon? 2. Who does the figure in the foreground represent? 3. Who are the figures in the background? See if you can read the names of nations. 4. What is the message of the cartoon?

1. Uncle Sam, the United States 2. European nations including Russia, Germany, Italy, Poland 3. They are sick from the totalitarian regimes in Germany, Russia, and Italy; WWII 4. Because he will not get "sick" from the events occurring in the next bed. 5. Answers will vary but may include: Dr. Seuss wants the U.S. to get involved in the war effort against the totalitarian regimes. It is clear that Europe is weak as a result of the takeover by fascists and Stalin and the entire continent is suffering. The caption seems to chide the U.S. for staying in their own bed and not getting in with the rest of the suffering nations. Uncle Sam is portrayed as large and clearly healthy, and seemingly able to assist but has his eyes closed to the situation since he has a separate bed.

1. Who is pictured in the bed on the left? 2. Who is pictured in the bed on the right? 3. What is happening to the figures in the bed on the right and what event will this result in? 4. Why is the figure on the left happy for separate beds? 5. What do you believe is the position of the artist? Be sure to provide reasons for your position.

D.

A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900-1917) was to A. stimulate the economy B. support government control of factory production C. encourage immigration from southern and eastern Europe D. correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society

Answers 1. A map of the United States 2. Uncle Sam 3. He seems unhappy 4. A blot is a mark on something and awful means bad, so that child labor is bad for the nation. 5. Answers will vary but ought to include: Child labor in the east is ruining the United States, it has taken over the nation and threatens the clean image of the US, etc

Cartoon Questions 1. What is hanging on the wall? 2. Who is the figure in front of it? 3. Based on the expression of #2 person, guess how he feels. 4. Explain what the caption means. 5. What is the message of the cartoon?

c.

During the early 1800s, which factor contributed the most to the start of the Industrial Revolution in the United States? A. a restriction on European immigration B. the end of the slave labor system C. an abundance of natural resources D. the availability of electricity

B.

In 1862, the Homestead Act and the Pacific Railway Act were passed primarily to a. achieve Northern victory in the Civil War b. develop the Midwest and western parts of the country c, improve the lives of freed slaves d. expand overseas markets to Asia and Europe

a.

In the 1850s, the phrase "Bleeding Kansas" was used to describe clashes between a. proslavery and antislavery groups b. Spanish landowners and new American settler c. Chinese and Irish railroad workers d. Native American Indians and white settlers

B.

In the late 1800s, how did railroad monopolies create economic hardships for farmers? A. By claiming productive land for business leaders to develop B. By charging high prices to ship agricultural goods to market C. By separating farmers from profitable markets in western cities D. By isolating farmers from technological developments in eastern cities

b.

Many Southern States tried to limit the effects of Radical Reconstruction by a. adopting federal laws mandating segregation b. enacting Jim Crow laws c. abolishing the Southern sharecropping system d. securing passage of new amendments to the United States Constitution

A.

On March 3, 1845, Florida joined the Union as a slave state, while Iowa became a free state. This entrance into the Union as a pair was required under what document? A. Missouri Compromise B. Compromise of 1850 C. Adams-Onis Treaty D. Fillmore Agreement

B.

Picture12.jpg The picture above shows Jane Adams with some of the children being served by Hull House in Chicago, Illinois. What goal of the Progressive Era is represented by this image and the existence of Hull House? A. Fostering efficiency B. Protecting social welfare C. Creating economic reform D. Promoting moral improvement

C.

Picture16.png The cartoon illustrates President Theodore Roosevelt's attempt to A. ignore antitrust laws B. conserve natural resources C. limit the power of monopolies D. eliminate foreign ownership of United States corporations

B.

Picture2.jpg In the cartoon above, President Theodore Roosevelt is depicted doing which of the following? A. Standing guard to protect big business B. Enforcing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act C. Leading a government take-over of large industries D. Putting an end to industries that might harm the environment

C.

Picture3.jpg Based on your knowledge of the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States, what statement is this cartoon making? A. The federal government is ruining the oil industry by placing too many restrictions and regulations on business owners. B. The oil industry is thriving due to a healthy working relationship with the federal government. C. The owner of Standard Oil has too much power and influence over the federal government. D. Emissions from oil refineries are polluting the air and harming the environment.

d.

Picture8.jpg Cartoonists Thomas Nast chose the tiger as a symbol to represent which of the following? A. The unlimited power of the robber barons B. The impact of trust-busting on business in the US C. The influx of immigrants and their impact on the US D. The corrupt local government of New York City

c.

Picture9.gif Based on your knowledge of written works in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which of the following most likely inspired the demand being made by the women pictured above? A. The Great American Fraud by Samuel Hopkins Adams B. The Shame of Cities by Lincoln Steffens C. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair D. How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis

Answers 1. Ships are arriving, filled with Chinese passengers; they are entering the US through the gate as well as through Mexico and Columbia. 2. Uncle Sam 3. In 1879 "15 Passenger Bill": Congress restricted Chinese immigration by limiting the number of Chinese passengers permitted on any ship coming to the U.S. to 15. Leaders in the Congressional debate expressed the view that Chinese persons were "aliens, not to be trusted with political rights." President Rutherford B. Hayes vetoed the bill as being inconsistent with U.S.-China treaty commitments that permitted the free movement of peoples. 4. To show their disrespect to laws restricting entrance to Chinese immigrants. 5. Many more are entering through the other two entrances than through the US since there are no restrictions on their entry into those nations. 6.Answers will vary but arguments must support that the cartoon is either anti-Chinese immigration or against any restrictions on their entry.

Questions 1. Describe the scene in the cartoon. 2. Who is controlling the gate? 3. What is the significance of the number 15 on the balloons? 4. Why are the two men near the gates of Columbia and Mexico putting their thumbs on their noses? 5. Compare the numbers of Chinese coming in through the gate controlled by the U.S. versus the other two. 6. What do you believe the message of the cartoon to be?

d.

The Homestead Act, the mass killing of buffalo, and the completion of the transcontinental railroad are most closely associated with the a. rise of organized labor b. building of the Erie Canal c. northern migration of African Americans d. decline of the Plains Indians

B.

The cartoon below depicts a social issue in United States history. Picture1.png With which social issue is this cartoon associated? A. the power of political machines during the Second Industrial Revolution B. the power of big businesses during the Second Industrial Revolution C. the influence of immigration quotas during the Gilded Age D. the influence of suffrage reformers during the Gilded Age

D.

The common purpose of these legislative acts were to Picture17.png A. protect the nation's natural resources B. improve conditions for recent immigrants to the United C. advance the growth of big business D. promote the general welfare of the American public

C.

The following excerpt is from the Thirteenth Amendment which was passed by the U.S. Congress on December 6, 1865. After reading it, chose which statement best summarizes the Amendment. The following excerpt is from the Thirteenth Amendment which was passed by the U.S. Congress on December 6, 1865. After reading it, chose which statement best summarizes the Amendment. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." A. The Thirteenth Amendment freed all slaves and therefore allowed them the same rights as all other citizens of the United States. B. The Thirteenth Amendment freed all slaves which now allowed therefore allowed any type of discrimination. C. The Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery but did not specify an African-American's political rights. D. The Thirteenth Amendment brought about an end to the Civil War since it outlawed slavery.

a.

The most direct effect of poll taxes and literacy tests on African Americans was to: a. prevent them from voting b. limit their access to public facilities c. block their educational opportunities d. deny them economic advancements

D.

The political cartoon below, drawn in 1904, depicts Theodore Roosevelt and lions each marked with the name of a business trust. Use your knowledge of U.S. history to answer the following question. Picture3.jpg What do you think is the cartoonists' view on trust-busting in the early 20th century? A. Businesses who involve themselves in trusts are weak and therefore pose no danger to the U.S. economy. B. The government plays only a small role in eliminating trusts that have formed within the United States. C. Roosevelt wants to only curb trusts' power within the economy, rather than eliminate them altogether. D. Roosevelt is admired for his powerful stance on destroying trusts within the United States.

A.

The political cartoon pictured below is titled "Modern Colossus of (Rail) Roads," and was drawn in 1879. It depicts Cornelius "the Commodore" Vanderbilt and the sign reads "all freight leaving the seaboard MUST pass here and pay any tolls we demand". Use the cartoon and your knowledge of U.S. history to answer the question below. Picture2.jpg The reins held by Vanderbilt attach not only to the trains but also to the tracks and the railroad station. What does this convey about his control of the Railroads? a. Vanderbilt has total control of the entire railroad operation. Thus, he can do with it whatever he wants. b. Vanderbilt, along with two assistants, has the majority of control in railroad shipping operations. c. Vanderbilt controls the prices of railroad shipping, but has little involvement in the action operations. d. Vanderbilt owns the majority of the railroads, but has little involvement of any kind.

D

The table below provides information about the African-American population in several cities after the Civil War. chart1.jpg Which condition in society was primarily responsible for the change in urban population? A. absence of agricultural employment in Southern communities B. lack of political representation in Southern communities C. availability of job opportunities in Northern cities D. prevalence of racial equality in Northern cities

1. 1948 2. A binding rule issued by the president that has the same force as a law. 3. World War II 4. Answers will vary but might include: Seeing the effects non-democratic governments on its citizens may have motivated the US to examine its own policies, viewing the ethnic cleansing practiced by Hitler was so disturbing that the US government may have wanted to be sure it was treating its own citizens fairly, etc 5. Treating all persons the same way 6. The president wanted everyone in the military to be treated the same and be able to advance; this must happen as quickly as possible without effecting the military adversely. 7. By setting a 7 person committee: President's Committee on equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services. 8. Examine all aspects of military procedures to be sure they are fair and just and advise all leaders in the military of their findings. 9. Conduct hearings if necessary and read all pertinent documents. 10.Until the president is satisfied that its mission has been carried out and equality in the military existed.

Transcript of Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity In the Armed Forces. WHEREAS it is essential that there be maintained in the armed services of the United States the highest standards of democracy, with equality of treatment and opportunity for all those who serve in our country's defense: NOW THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, and as Commander in Chief of the armed services, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale. 2. There shall be created in the National Military Establishment an advisory committee to be known as the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, which shall be composed of seven members to be designated by the President. 3. The Committee is authorized on behalf of the President to examine into the rules, procedures and practices of the Armed Services in order to determine in what respect such rules, procedures and practices may be altered or improved with a view to carrying out the policy of this order. The Committee shall confer and advise the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force, and shall make such recommendations to the President and to said Secretaries as in the judgment of the Committee will effectuate the policy hereof. 4. All executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government are authorized and directed to cooperate with the Committee in its work, and to furnish the Committee such information or the services of such persons as the Committee may require in the performance of its duties. 5. When requested by the Committee to do so, persons in the armed services or in any of the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government shall testify before the Committee and shall make available for use of the Committee such documents and other information as the Committee may require. 6. The Committee shall continue to exist until such time as the President shall terminate its existence by Executive order. Harry Truman July 26, 1948 Questions 1. What year was this executive order established? 2. What is an Executive Order (may need a dictionary to answer)? 3. What major world event had recently ended? 4. How might the event listed above help bring about this Executive Order? 5. What does "equality of treatment" mean? 6. Rephrase number one in your own words as much as possible. 7. How does Truman intend to oversee that number one occurs? 8. What is the committee's job? 9. How will the committee learn about policies and rules that need to be changed? 10. How long will the committee carry out its duties?

Answers 1. Because the nations are far away, the facts are complex to decipher, and it is hard to understand the situation peoples have endured for so many years. 2. Economic destruction. 3. 10 years because everything was geared toward the war effort. 4. Because the Nazis took over all aspects of the economy it is in total shambles and will need to rebuild from scratch. 5. Farmers grow the food for the urban dwellers while they make the products needed by farmers. 6. There are not enough goods for farmers to buy and so they have stopped growing enough food for city dwellers, who then have to turn to other nations for foodstuffs, which further destabilizes their economies. 7. 3-4 years. 8. Making Europe self-reliant and economically viable. 9. Ending hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. 10. Democracies with free institutions. 11. Any nation that blocks freedom or recovery for themselves or any other nation. 12. Yes. 13. We need to deeply analyze the problems facing Europe to come up with reasonable solutions. The US is now #1 in the world and with great power comes great responsible

Transcript of Marshall Plan (1948) I need not tell you gentlemen that the world situation is very serious. That must be apparent to all intelligent people. I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. Furthermore, the people of this country are distant from the troubled areas of the earth and it is hard for them to comprehend the plight and consequent reaction of the long-suffering peoples, and the effect of those reactions on their governments in connection with our efforts to promote peace in the world. In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines, and railroads was correctly estimated, but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably less serious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy. For the past 10 years conditions have been highly abnormal. The feverish maintenance of the war effort engulfed all aspects of national economics. Machinery has fallen into disrepair or is entirely obsolete. Under the arbitrary and destructive Nazi rule, virtually every possible enterprise was geared into the German war machine. Long-standing commercial ties, private institutions, banks, insurance companies and shipping companies disappeared, through the loss of capital, absorption through nationalization or by simple destruction. In many countries, confidence in the local currency has been severely shaken. The breakdown of the business structure of Europe during the war was complete. Recovery has been seriously retarded by the fact that 2 years after the close of hostilities a peace settlement with Germany and Austria has not been agreed upon. But even given a more prompt solution of these difficult problems, the rehabilitation of the economic structure of Europe quite evidently will require a much longer time and greater effort than had been foreseen. There is a phase of this matter which is both interesting and serious. The farmer has always produced the foodstuffs to exchange with the city dweller for the other necessities of life. This division of labor is the basis of modern civilization. At the present time it is threatened with breakdown. The town and city industries are not producing adequate goods to exchange with the food-producing farmer. Raw materials and fuel are in short supply. Machinery is lacking or worn out. The farmer or the peasant cannot find the goods for sale which he desires to purchase. So the sale of his farm produce for money which he cannot use seems to him unprofitable transaction. He, therefore, has withdrawn many fields from crop cultivation and is using them for grazing. He feeds more grain to stock and finds for himself and his family an ample supply of food, however short he may be on clothing and the other ordinary gadgets of civilization. Meanwhile people in the cities are short of food and fuel. So the governments are forced to use their foreign money and credits to procure these necessities abroad. This process exhausts funds which are urgently needed for reconstruction. Thus a very serious situation is rapidly developing which bodes no good for the world. The modern system of the division of labor upon which the exchange of products is based is in danger of breaking down. The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next 3 or 4 years of foreign food and other essential products -- principally from America -- are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character. The remedy lies in breaking the vicious circle and restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole. The manufacturer and the farmer throughout wide areas must be able and willing to exchange their products for currencies the continuing value of which is not open to question. Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances arising as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United States should be apparent to all. It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. Its purpose should be the revival of working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist. Such assistance, I am convinced, must not be on a piecemeal basis as various crises develop. Any assistance that this Government may render in the future should provide a cure rather than a mere palliative. Any government that is willing to assist in the task of recovery will find full cooperation, I am sure, on the part of the United States Government. Any government which maneuvers to block the recovery of other countries cannot expect help from us. Furthermore, governments, political parties, or groups which seek to perpetuate human misery in order to profit therefrom politically or otherwise will encounter the opposition of the United States. It is already evident that, before the United States Government can proceed much further in its efforts to alleviate the situation and help start the European world on its way to recovery, there must be some agreement among the countries of Europe as to the requirements of the situation and the part those countries themselves will take in order to give proper effect to whatever action might be undertaken by this Government. It would be neither fitting nor efficacious for this Government to undertake to draw up unilaterally a program designed to place Europe on its feet economically. This is the business of the Europeans. The initiative, I think, must come from Europe. The role of this country should consist of friendly aid in the drafting of a European program so far as it may be practical for us to do so. The program should be a joint one, agreed to by a number, if not all European nations. An essential part of any successful action on the part of the United States is an understanding on the part of the people of America of the character of the problem and the remedies to be applied. Political passion and prejudice should have no part. With foresight, and a willingness on the part of our people to face up to the vast responsibilities which history has clearly placed upon our country, the difficulties I have outlined can and will be overcome. Questions 1. Why does Marshall believe that the world situation after WWII is hard for Americans to understand? 2. What is more serious than the physical destruction in Europe? 3. How long has the disruption existed in Europe? 4. Describe some of the issues facing post-war Germany. 5. How does the division of labor work according to Marshall? 6. Why is the system (of division of labor) breaking down? 7. How long does Europe need the United States' help? 8. Describe the remedy outlined. 9. What is the policy directed at? 10. What kind of government does Marshall want to see emerge in post-war Europe? 11. Who won't the United States help? 12. Does Marshall believe the receiving nations ought to be consulted? 13. Translate the last paragraph into your own words as much as possible.

A

Until the early 20th century, few restrictions on immigration to the United States existed primarily because A. industry needed an increasing supply of labor B. immigration totals had always been relatively low C. labor unions had always favored unrestricted immigration D. the Supreme Court had ruled that Congress could not restrict immigration

C

Use the following quote and your knowledge of US History to answer the following question. "This country will be drenched in blood. The people of the North are not going to let the country be destroyed without a mighty effort to save it. Besides, where are your men and appliances of war to contend against them? You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical and determined people on earth - right at your doors. Only in spirit and determination are you prepared for war. In all else you are totally unprepared." The quote above was spoken by William T. Sherman upon hearing the news that the southern states had begun to secede. Which of the following is Sherman's projection as the outcome and/or consequence of southern secession? A. There will be a war in which the South will win due to their militaristic nature and abundance of weapons. B. There will be a war in which the South will win due to their governmental dominance and obvious determination. C. There will be a war in which the North will win due to their technological advancements and lack of southern military. D. There will be a war in which the North will win due to their stability though political, social, and economic conditions.

b.

What was an immediate effect of the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825? A. Prices increased for food products along the Atlantic Coast. B. Farmers could more easily ship grain to eastern markets. C. A territorial conflict began with Canada over the Great Lakes. D. Railroads were forced to reduce their shipping rates.

B.

Which of the following contributed to the immense industrial boom known as the Second Industrial Revolution? A. bankruptcy of farms, populist movement, loss of farming lands B. abundance of natural resources, government support of businesses, increase in urban population C. cheap city buildings, women's movements, great migration D. new public education system, discovery of oil in Pennsylvania, formation of trusts

D

Which of the following correctly describes the political cartoon below? Picture20.jpg A. Charles Schurz, who was a Northern Republican, is shown in a positive light as he heads to the South in enact Reconstruction policies. B. The southern citizens in the background are cheering his arrival due to the cooperation taking place between northern and southern politicians. C. The southern citizens in the background are actively attempting to prevent the arrival of the carpetbaggers they feared and hated with a passion. D. Charles Schurz is shown in a negative light since he is depicted as a grim and intense intruder with clenched fists.

B.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the map pictured below? Picture1.jpg A. The Union thought that by blockading the southern ports they could easily win the war. B. The Union wanted to shut the south off from all possible help in an attempt to squeeze the Confederacy into submission. C. The snake's head begins in the Union's capital and tail ends in the Confederate capital to mark the journey the soldiers would face during the war. D. The Union knew that the Confederacy had the industrial advantage so they were attempting to cut off any exportation of goods.

d.

Which technologies helped settlers establish farms on the Great Plains? A. repeating rifle, wooden sluices, electric light bulb B. sod houses, sheep shearers, wool carders C. telegraph, railroad, creation of Yellowstone National Park D. steel plow, windmill, barbed wire, reaper