Statistical Process Control (SPC)

Which of the following tool is used to assess process stability A. FMEA B. Control charts C. Run charts D. B & C

-D Explanation Both Control and Run Chart can be used to assess process stability Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Which of the following are not known as Cause & Effect Diagram A. 5 Why B. Ishikawa C. 4 M D. None of the above

A Explanation 5 Why is not known as Cause & Effect Diagram Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

One of the many benefits of the control charts is A. Detect trends on statistical significance B. Provide straightforward, easily interpreted, information C. Improve process capability D. Detect random causes of variation

A Explanation Control charts can detect trends on statistical significance Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

What is the role of D4 in X bar and R control charts A. It is used in determining the UCL of a range chart B. Used in determining the control limits for the average chart C. Used in correcting the bias in estimating the population D. Used in determining the LCL of a range chart

A Explanation D4 factor is a multiplier which establishes the distance between the mean and UCL of a range chart Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

A response plan for defects due to intentional operator errors can be A. Education / Discipline B. Control charts C. Performance Review D. Rewards

A Explanation Education followed by Discipline is the best countermeasures for intentional operator errors Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

IMR Chart stands for A. Individual Moving Range Chart B. Individual Mean Range Chart C. Individual Median Range Chart D. None of the above

A Explanation IMR Chart stands for Individual Moving Range Chart Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

The center line in the control chart represents A. Mean B. Median C. Standard Deviation D. Mode

A Explanation The center line in the control chart represents mean Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

Calculate both control limits for np chart where p-bar = 0.10 and n=100. A. 1 and 19 B. 0 and 20 C. 1 and 18 D. 0 and 19

A Explanation UCL/ LCL = (np-bar) +/- 3 {square root of (n*p-bar (1-p-bar)} UCL = (0.1 100) +/- 3 {square root of (100 *0.1 (1-0.1)} = (10) +/- 3 {square root of (100 0.09)} = (10) +/- 3* {square root of (9)} = (10) + 3* {3} = 19 or 10 - 9 = 1 Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

One of the key elements of the Visual Factory is A. Visual Controls B. 5S C. Poka-Yoke D. Kaizen

A Explanation Visual control is one of the key elements of the Visual Factory Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

For plotting the defective data in case of a fixed sample, which control chart is recommended? A. np chart B. P chart C. C Chart D. u chart

A Explanation np chart will be used in this scenario Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

The Variation which is inbuild in process. Causes act randomly and independently of each other, are difficult to eliminate, and often require changes to a process or system. A. Special Cause variation B. Common Cause Ideation C. Assignable cause D. All of the above

B Explanation (Verify the answer) - Common Cause Variation is the variation inbuilt in the process Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

A process is in-control will still have __________variation A. Special Cause variation B. Random Variation C. Out-the-ordinary variation D. Non-random variation

B Explanation A process is in-control will still have random variation Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

For plotting the defect data in case of a fixed sample, which control chart is recommended? A. P chart B. C Chart C. u chart D. IMR Chart

B Explanation C chart will be used in this scenario Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Control limit A. Indicates the boundary of the bell curve in a normal distribution B. Indicates that a process event or measurement is likely to fall within that limit C. Indicates that a process event or measurement is likely to fall outside that limit D. Indicates the customer's desired upper or lower performance limits

B Explanation Control Limit indicates that a process event or measurement is likely to fall within that limit Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

Data points of the process if fall within control limits mean A. Process is out of control B. Process is within control C. Process is in statistical control D. B & C

B Explanation Data points of the process if fall within control limits mean Process is within control or process is in statistical control Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

What does LCL stand for A. Lower Chart Limit B. Lower Control Limit C. Less Control Limit D. None of the above

B Explanation LCL stands for Lower Control Limit Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Which technique results in reducing the probability of making mistake/error to 0 A. 5 S B. Mistake Proofing C. Lean D. All of the above

B Explanation Mistake Proofing results in reducing the probability of making mistake/error to 0 Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

SPC data is collected in the form of __________ of a product or service A. Data B. Measurement C. Information D. None of the above

B Explanation SPC data is collected in the form of measurement of a product or service Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

What chart to use we need to audit 5 calls each for every operator and we have the data for defect available A. np chart B. C chart C. U chart D. X−bar - R chart

B Explanation Since the data is a defect and the sample size is fixed (5), we will use C Chart Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

What chart to use we need to audit 5% calls each for every operator and we have the data for defective available A. np chart B. p chart C. U chart D. X−bar - R chart

B Explanation Since the data is a defective and the sample size is variable (5% calls for every operator may vary due the no. of calls made), we will use p Chart Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Standard Deviation is the average distance of data points from the _______ A. Customer Expectations B. Mean C. Variance D. Target

B Explanation Standard Deviation is the average distance of data points from the Mean Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

All are out of control situations except A. Six consecutive points, increasing or decreasing B. Two points in zone c above the mean, followed by two points in zone b below the mean C. One or more points outside the control limits D. Fourteen consecutive points that alternate up and down

B Explanation Two points in zone c above the mean, followed by two points in zone b below the mean, indicate that the process does not have any pattern, hence it is stable. Rest are out of control Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

______ Chart can be used to track the number of defects in a table A. Output B. U chart C. p Chart D. Pareto Analysis

B Explanation U Chart can be used to track the number of defects in a table Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

Control Chart for no. of defects when the sample size Is not fixed A. P-chart B. U-Chart C. C-chart D. Box Plot

B Explanation U-chart is used for attribute data while plotting defects per unit in case the sample size varies Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

_______ is designed to create a visual work place which is self‐explaining, self-ordering, and self-improving A. Control Charts B. Visual Factory C. SPC charts D. All of the above

B Explanation Visual Factory is designed to create a visual work place which is self‐explaining, self-ordering, and self-improving Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

The main difference of preferring X bar S over X bar R is A. Its ability to detect the special causes better B. No. of sub groups C. Data Type D. All of the above

B Explanation X Bar S and X Bar R are similar to each other. Only when the sub group size is more (more than 8), we prefer X Bar S Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

_______ is the more sensitive for measuring time as data as compared to other charts A. np chart B. X bar R Chart C. p Chart D. Individuals and Moving Range

B Explanation X bar R Chart is the more sensitive for measuring time as data as compared to other charts Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

P chart is based on A. Non Normal Distribution B. Binomial distribution C. Normal Distribution D. None of the above

B Explanation p CHART is based on Binomial Distribution Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

Control charts used to monitor continuous data is A. p B. IMR C. X Bar D. X Bar - R

B Explanation: IMR ( Individual Moving Range Chart) is used to monitor the process performed when the data is continuous Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

What tool can be used to monitor the performance of a new process A. Lean B. Visual Control C. Control Chart D. All of the above

C Explanation A Control chart can be used to monitor the performance of a new process Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Common Cause Variation is also known as A. Short-term B. Assignable C. Noise D. Natural

C Explanation Common Cause Variation is also known as Noise Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Control Chart assumes _________distribution A. Non Normal B. Weibull C. Normal D. Binomial

C Explanation Control Chart assumes that the data is normally distributed Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

Control chart supports a team by A. Identifying common cause B. Provide root cause of a defect C. Identifying special or assignable cause D. Identify automation opportunities

C Explanation Control chart helps the team in identifying the special or assignable cause Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Control Charts are the most popular types of _____ A. Visual Management B. Visual Control C. SPC charts D. All of the above

C Explanation Control charts are the most popular types of SPC charts Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

Brainstorming tool designed to identify and classify the various sources of variation A. Storyboard B. Dispersion C. Fishbone D. Define

C Explanation Fishbone technique is used to identify and classify the potential sources of variation Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

What is the scenario where IMR chart can be used A. Variable data with sub group size 4 B. Variable data with sub group size 10 C. Variable data with sub group size 1 D. Variable data with sub group size 5

C Explanation IMR chart can be used for variable data with 1 subgroup size Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Mistake Proofing is also called as A. SMED B. 5 WHY C. Poka-Yoke D. Kaizen

C Explanation Mistake Proofing is also called Poka Yoke Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

Seven points in a row that are beyond the control limits, not a trend is A. Trend B. Oscillation C. Extreme Shift D. Mixture

C Explanation Seven points in a row that are beyond the control limits, not a trend is Extreme Shift Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

What chart to use we need to audit 5% calls each for every operator and we have the data for defect available A. np chart B. C chart C. U chart D. X−bar - R chart

C Explanation Since the data is a defect and the sample size is variable (5% calls for every operator may vary due the no. of calls made), we will use U Chart Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Which chart to use when we want to check the overall Average Handling Time data is within the control A. P Chart B. np chart C. IMR chart D. X−bar - R chart

C Explanation Since the data type is continuous and the subgroup is one (overall), we will use IMR Chart Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Which chart to use when we want to check the Average Handling Time data of 10 months A. np chart B. IMR chart C. X−bar - S chart D. X−bar - R chart

C Explanation Since the data type is continuous and the subgroup size is 10, we will use X−bar - S Chart Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Special Cause Variation is also known as A. Natural B. Long-term C. Assignable D. Pattern

C Explanation Special Cause Variations are also known as the Assignable cause Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

IMR is applied in case of continuous data when the subgroup size is A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 4

C Explanation The I-MR chart is applied in case of continuous data when there is 1 subgroup Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

The _____ chart in X Bar R is used to study system variability A. Mean B. Standard Deviation C. Range D. Individuals

C Explanation The Range chart in X Bar R is used to study system variability Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

Variability due to _________ is the most difficult type of variability to detect A. Common Cause B. Special Causes C. Measurement Error D. None

C Explanation Variability due to measurement error is the most difficult type of variability to detect Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Data requirement for a p-chart: is A. Count B. Continuous C. Either the fraction or percent defective in order of time D. plots variations in dimensions

C Explanation We need either the fraction or percent defective in order of time Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

X Bar S is applied in case of continuous data when the subgroup size is A. Less than 4 B. Equal to 4 C. Greater than 8 D. Is 1

C Explanation X Bar S is applied for Normal Distribution when the subgroup size is greater than equal to 8 Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Which of the following control charts is used to monitor defectives when the sample size is constant? A. p B. I & mR C. np D. X−bar - R

C Explanation np chart is used to monitor defectives when the sample size is constant Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Selects the charts applicable for variable data A. IMR B. X−bar - R chart C. u chart D. A & B

D Explanation Both IMR and X-bar R chart can be used for variable data Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

The Variation which is sporadic and non-random. Results into the process being out of control A. Special Cause variation B. Assignable Causes C. Common Cause variation D. A & B

D Explanation Both Special Cause variation and Assignable Causes are the right choices Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

In which scenario the C chart is most likely to be applied? A. Average Handling Time over a period of time B. No of customer's complaint over a period of time C. Quality% trend over a period of time D. All of the above

D Explanation C chart is used when the data type is in count. Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

_______ are designed to display signals or warnings when the process is out of control A. C Chart B. Pareto Analysis C. N chart D. Control Chart

D Explanation Control Charts are designed to display signals or warnings when the process is out of control Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

One of the goals of using a fishbone diagram is A. To perform root cause analysis B. Define the problem statement C. Define the goal statement D. Identify and classify the sources of variation

D Explanation Fishbone, by using the 6 M helps in identify and classify the various source of variation Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Which visualizing tool is used to present the series of causes to an effect A. Scatter Plot B. Value Stream Mapping C. Cause and Effect Matrix D. Ishikawa Diagram

D Explanation Ishikawa Diagram is the visualizing tool that is used to present the series of causes to an effect Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

One of the steps that is common in Measure and Control is A. Hypothesis Testing B. MSA C. Process Capability Calculation D. B & C

D Explanation MSA and Process Capability is performed both in Measure and Control stage Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : easy

One of the shortcomings of a Control Chart is A. they can detect trends on statistical significance B. they provide straightforward, easily interpreted, information C. Quickly help in process capability improvement D. difficult to interpret and they detect SPECIAL not random variation

D Explanation One of the shortcomings is that they can be difficult to interpret and they detect SPECIAL, not random variation. Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

Distribution of the number of defects per unit follows very closely the:_________________ distribution A. normal distribution B. binomial distribution C. chi-square distribution D. Poisson distribution

D Explanation Poisson distribution is applied for assumed distribution of defects Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : difficult

If we want to see the overall stability of the process AHT (Average Handling Time). What chart will we use ? A. X Bar and R Chart B. X Bar S Chart C. N Chart D. IMR Chart

D Explanation Since we want to assess the overall stability i.e. 1 subgroup and the data type is continuous (AHT), we will use IMR chart Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

The Data type for designing IMR chart must be A. Count B. Attribute C. Binomial D. Continuous

D Explanation The Data type for designing IMR chart must be Continuous Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard

C Chart is based on A. Normal distribution B. Non Normal Distribution C. Weibull Distribution D. Poisson Distribution

D Explanation c chart is based on Poisson Distribution Topic : Statistical Process Control (SPC) Difficulty : hard