Stats-Samples & Populations

If you don't have systematic bias in your sampling procedure, how can you increase the probability of obtaining a representative sample?

-draw a large sample -use a variable that has a small amount of variability among its scores

What are the attributes of simple random sampling?

-everyone has an equal chance of being selected -each selection is independent of the other selections

A sample that is unrepresentative for any reason other than chance is said to be a ________ sample.

biased

The term _____________ refers to the subset of the population that we actually measure.

sample

Which type of sampling fits the criteria of simple random sampling?

sampling WITH replacement

which type of sampling is generally used?

sampling WITHOUT replacement

What happens if you have bias in your sample?

statistical procedures will lead to flawed results

Which of the following are acceptable ways for addressing the systematic bias that might occur due to convenience sampling.

- be careful to whom you generalize the results - create a representative sample - measure something where you would probably have gotten the same results if you had randomly sampled

Simply using whoever is easy to get to be in your sample is known as __________ ___________.

convenience sampling

Which type of sampling is most often used in psychology?

convenience sampling

The term ____________ refers to the group we are trying to find out about when we run a study.

population

You can keep bias out of your sample by using _________ __________ techniques.

random sampling

A sample that is unrepresentative purely due to chance (due to who you happen to sample) is said to have ________ ________ _________.

random sampling error

Which of the following are statistical procedures specifically designed to cope with?

random sampling error

If a sample is similar to the population in terms of the variable we are studying then it is called a ________ sample.

representative

The term _______ ________ refers to when subjects either refuse to participate in an experiment or drop out before completing it.

subject attrition

If a sample is not similar to the population in terms of the variable we are studying then it is called an ________ sample.

unrepresentative

When can subject attrition introduce systematic bias into a sample (even one that was created using random sampling)?

when the reason for not participating is related to the nature of the experiment

Under what condition is sampling without replacement about the same as sampling with replacement?

when your sample is small compared to the population

If, after you select someone, their name goes back onto the list of those who might be selected next, this would be called sampling ___ _________

with replacement

If, after you select someone, their name does not go back onto the list of those who might be selected next, this would be called sampling ______ _________

without replacement