STATS UNIT 1
What is a parameter
A numerical description of a population characteristic
What is explanatory variable
an experiment that causes the change in the response variable
What is the response variable?
the variable in an experiment that responds to treatment
What is the process of conducting a statistical study?
1. Determine the design of the study 2. Collect the data 3. Organize 4. Analyze the data to answer the question
WHAT IS CLUSTER SAMPLING
DIVIDED INTO CLUSTERS AND THEN THE WHOLE CLUSTER IS SELECTED
The _______ will require researchers to fill out documents describing their proposed study in detail.
Institutional Review Board
What two levels of measurement go with quantitative? Explain the difference examples of each
Interval: 0 does not mean the absensce of something Ratio: 0 measurement indicates the absence of something 0 degrees in celcius is interval 0 lbs is ratio
What is stratified sampling:
Members of the population are divided into two or more stratas. PEOPLE ARE DIVIDED INTO FR., SOPH, JR, AND THEN A RANDOM IS SELECTED
A form of a(n) _______ is when a subject lies when answering a survey.
Non-Sampling Error(s)
Quantitative vs Qualitative
Quantitative consist of counts or measurements qualitative consists of labels or descriptions of traits
Favoritism, partiality, and preconceived notions are types of _______.
bias
Define what a variable is
characteristics about individuals
A market researcher interviews each member from each of the ten randomly chosen zoning districts in a town.
cluster
A random number generator is used to choose ten regions. Then a political strategist collects data from each person in these regions.
cluster sampling
dditional variables that affect the outcome but were not measured in a study are known as _______.
cofounding variable
What is cross sectional vs longitudinal
data is collected at a single point in time for cross sectional longitudinal is gathering data throughout a series of time
f too many participants decide to _______ of an experiment, then the sample may no longer represent the population.
dropout
What is simple random sampling
every SAMPLE has an equal chance of being selected
What is random sampling? One example
every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected drawing names from a hat
definition of a population
group to be studied
Explain the difference between nominal and ordinal
nominal is labels and categories that can't be put in order ordinal is something that can be put in order
What is an observational study? What experiment
one in which we gather data that already exists generate data to "cause and effect"
A self-selected survey is especially prone to _______.
participation bias
A non-sampling error is when results from a study are tabulated incorrectly. An error of this form is called a(n) _______.
processing errors
What are the 3 parts of a designed experiment
repetition, control, replicate
______occurs if a researcher unintentionally influences the subjects responses by their actions.
researcher bias
Collecting data from a sample that does not represent the population is called a(n) _______.
sampling errors
Define statistics
science of gathering, describing, and analyzing data or the actual numerical descriptions
An experiment in which only the partaker does not realize whether they received a placebo or treatment is _______.
single blind
A pollster chooses twenty people at random from each class.
stratified
A statistics student chooses thirty members of the sampling frame at random from each zoning district.
stratified sampling
First, the population is subdivided by class. Then a political strategist uses a random number generator to select five members from each class to study.
stratified sampling
What two levels of measurement go with qualitative
nominal or ordinal
A(n) _______ is a participant who does not follow the instructions for a study.
non adherance
A form of a(n) _______ is when a subject lies when answering a survey.
nonadhearance
