Stress Management midterm

This many gallons of water are used to produce enough cotton for a pair of blue jeans

1800

It was not until this decade that art therapy emerged as its own discipline

1960s

The following results have been observed in people and pets

2 and 3 Pet owners who are elderly make fewer visits to their physicians and Resting heart rates and blood pressure are lower when with pets

According to research and best estimates, the average person today has approximately how many anger episodes per day?

20-25

Approximately this many gallons of water are used to produce a 1-lb. hamburger

2500

According to Dr. Edmund Jacobson, in PMR, each contraction should be held for ______ seconds

5-10

Which of the following statements is said to be true about massage?

A and B (Human touch is as essential in the high-tech age as food and water and massage therapy gained acceptance in the United States with the fitness boom)

These are the requirements for diaphragmatic breathing to be most effective

A comfortable position, concentration, and visualization

Today, this is the recommended as the best way to treat depression

A holistic approach

When released, this substance is instrumental in returning the body to homeostasis

Acetylcholine

During the stress response, which of the following doe not directly affect an increase in blood pressure?

Acetylcholine (Epinephrine, vasopressin, and aldosterone all do)

Addison's disease is associated with the failure of this organ

Adrenal

Hans Selye listed this as the first stage of his General Adaptation Syndrome

Alarm

The philosophy of Taoism advocates:

All are correct (inner peace for wholeness, universal energy, a balance of opposites)

Spiritually speaking, Einstein's Theory of Relativity suggests that:

All of the above (consciousness may actually be a form of energy, spiritual matters are not bound by space and time, all things connect through some point of energy, and all matter comprised of energy has a spiritual quality to it.)

Carl Jung believed specifically that

All of the above (there is a spiritual element to human nature, people create their own reality at an unconscious level, two unrelated events can have significant meaning, divine wisdom resides at the level of the collective unconscious)

According to the latest research in emotional intelligence, this part of the brain is associated with fear

Amygdala

Spirituality can best be defined as follows

At this time, we do not have an adequate definition of this term

This country was the first to measure population eustress as an index of "Gross Domestic Happiness."

Bhutan

This is thought to be the distinguishing characteristic of the survivor personality

Biphasic traits

The rage reflex is attributed to

Charles Darwin

According to Maslow, the following are among the traits cited in the self-actualized individual

Creativity, a sense of humor, acceptance, and mystical sensations

"Spiritual hunger" encourages one to abandon the religion in which they were raised

FALSE

A Jacuzzi is not really a viable means for hydrotherapy

FALSE

A helpless-hopeless personality is a function of an extreme internal locus of control

FALSE

Chakras are meridian points in which acupuncture needles are used to unclog passages of energy or Chi

FALSE

Current estimated suggest that as much as 50% of all disease and illness is either precipitated or aggravated by perceived stress

FALSE

Experts agree that stress can best be defined as the "rate of wear and tear on the body"

FALSE

For a drug to pass the placebo test and gain approval by the FDA, it must have a cure rate of above 20%

FALSE

Meditation has been found to be ineffective for people suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

FALSE

Migraine headaches are now correlated primarily to chronic anxiety

FALSE

Nadi Shodhanam is a breathing technique where you visualize white air inhaling and dark air exhaling

FALSE

Of the four mismanaged anger styles, the self-punisher represses feelings of anger

FALSE

Polyphasia is a stress-related disease

FALSE

Progressive muscular relaxation is not recommended for people suffering with chronic pain of TMJ

FALSE

Research reveals that randomly vented anger is a healthy means of emotional catharsis

FALSE

T-cells get their name from the thyroid gland in which they are stored.

FALSE

The archetypal use of the color blue in art therapy is a symbolic message from the unconscious mind about passion (anger or love).

FALSE

The unconscious mind is believed to control as much as 40-50% of one's behavior

FALSE

There are no contraindications for people to use progressive muscular relaxation

FALSE

When art therapy is expressed through doodling, as a rule, men tend to sketch faces while women tend to draw squares and circles

FALSE

When it comes right down to it, all forms of massage are really the same

FALSE

Jung called this fear "misoneism."

Fear of unknown

Frankl's theory differed from Freud in that:

Frankl looked to one's future whereas Freud looked at one's past

Dr. Wayne Dyer would NOT agree with this statement

Guilt can be productive if it prevents worrying (would agree with: guilt and worry immobilize thought, people tend to equate worrying with love and caring, and guilt and worry are unproductive emotional states of consciousness)

This stress would be classified as a bioecological influence

Inadequate sunlight

The following is said to be true about diaphragmatic breathing

It is used in conjunction with several other relaxation techniques (NOT: it inhibits parasympathetic drive, long pauses help increase the heart's reverberation to relax, breathing through the mouth is more effective than the mouth)

Which of the following is not in the sequence of the fight-or-flight response?

Limbic system releases ACTH from the hypothalamus

Leo Buscaglia would not agree with this statement:

Love is innate to all human beings (Would agree with: to give love you must possess love, the will to love is an attitude of choice, and to love others, you must first love yourself)

For a typical person, the average number of breath cycles per minute during a VERY relaxed state is:

NOT 1-2 Maybe 4-6

College students have their own "life changes" or stressors. According to experts who track this information, these three "events" cause the most stress for college students

NOT POOR GRADES, FINANCIAL PROBLEMS, ROOMATE

Depression is:

NOT a cause of unresolved anger Maybe: a possible by-product of anger and fear

From his time in the concentration camps, Viktor Frankl learned this simple wisdom to help survive

NOT life is suffering maybe take responsibility for your own thoughts

The "direct" link between stress and cancer is now thought to be:

NOT: The instability of the immune system maybe the reduction of T-lymphocytes

This is an example of breathing by alternating the air through each nostril

Nadi Shodhanam

Which of the following defense mechanisms is not commonly associated with the psychology of everyday stress?

Narcissism (Are associated: denial, projection, and rationalization)

NLP is best defined as:

Neurolinguistic Programming

This factor(s), above all else, determines one's degree of stress

One's perception or interpretation

This phase of diaphragmatic breathing offers a slight pause before the next inhalation

Phase IV

Experts suggest that most stressors fall into this category

Psychointerpersonal influences

Which of the following did Kubler-Ross consider to be essential to resolving grief and finding inner peace

Self-reflection

A decrease in this hormone is thought to be related to symptoms of depression

Serotonin

This form of massage is based on the concept of unblocking areas to restore a balance of energy

Shiatsu

Actor Michael J. Fox might be considered to be an example of this personality type.

Survivor personality

This personality type would BEST describe Nien Cheng, a political prisoner in Shanghai

Survivor personality

Abdominal breathing is known to help relieve the symptoms of chronic pain

TRUE

According to Dr. Wayne Dyer, basically, stressors fall into one of two categories: guilt and worry.

TRUE

According to Jung, at some level of consciousness all minds connect at one point- the collective unconscious

TRUE

According to anger expert Jane Middleton-Moz, the reason why people are reaching their boiling point is due to a social disconnection brought on by technology

TRUE

Although some people meditate to reach enlightenment, the primary purpose is to cleanse clutter from the mind and achieve mental clarity

TRUE

By and large, Americans tend to be thoracic breathers, yet when asleep, the body naturally returns to diaphragmatic breathing

TRUE

From the philosophy of Jesus of Nazareth, we learn that of faith, hope, and love, love is the greatest aspect of human existence

TRUE

In Matthew Fox's concept of creation spirituality, via transformativa is the path where we are co-creators for a better world

TRUE

It could be said that many of the characteristics of Taoism closely parallel characteristics of Maslow's theory of self-actualization

TRUE

Joseph Campbell believed that the spiritual hunger seen today is a result of a disconnection with our mythology.

TRUE

Jung's idea of the shadow is that we all have a dark side of our personality that we need to come to terms with in order to be whole

TRUE

Kubler Ross's idea of grieving through expectations is very similar to the Tibetan concept of attachments and desires that cause suffering

TRUE

NLP is based on the concept that language confines thinking

TRUE

Native American spirituality suggests that God or a divine essence resides in all living and non-living matter.

TRUE

PMR intercepts the stress response by direct conscious inhibition of the excitatory neural drive to muscle fibers

TRUE

People who own pets tend to have lower resting heart rates and blood pressures

TRUE

Psychologists suggest that depression is best described as "anger turned inward."

TRUE

Researchers in infant massage discovered that premature babies who received massages had a more significant growth rate than babies who were not exposed to touch

TRUE

Some adept yogis can control their breathing down to one breath per minute, and remain extremely relaxed

TRUE

Systematic desensitization is a coping technique used to diffuse the feelings of fear

TRUE

The Tibetan perspective on stress distinguishes the mind as a combination of self (false self) and the Self (higher self)

TRUE

The archetypal use of the color orange in art therapy is a symbolic message from the unconscious mind about change in one's life

TRUE

The dualism of mind and body, which has so strongly influenced Wester medicine, was conceived and advocated by Rene Descartes and by association, advocated by Isaac Newton.

TRUE

The function of T-helpers (CD 4) is to increase the production of antibodies released by T-cells

TRUE

The roots of music therapy, humor therapy, mental imagery, and massage therapy can be traced back to ancient Greece, with historical figures such as Plato, Aristotle, and Hippocrates advocating the use of these methods

TRUE

Thoughts, as a form of energy, are thought to have a negative impact on the body.

TRUE

What we have learned about anger is that ultimately forgiveness is essential, because unresolved feelings of anger only control the person who harbors them.

TRUE

This layer of the human energy field is most closely associated with the aspect of the soul

The causal

This event in adulthood, more so than any other, is still thought to be THE most stressful event in one's life:

The death of a spouse

Which of the following is cortisol not responsible for?

The release of insulin (it IS responsible for mobilization of free fatty acids, the initiation of gluconeogensis, and the degradation of white blood cells)

Based on brain imaging research in the last decade, which of the follow statements is not true?

The stress hormone cortisol has little effect on the hippocampus (the hippocampus region is rich in receptor sites for glucocorticoids, the amygdala is where the motion fear is recognized, and repeated exposure to cortisol shrinks brain cells is all TRUE)

The relaxation response is virtually the same thing as:

Transcendental Meditation

The landmark Western Collaborative Groups Study found the following

Type A is a greater risk factor than all other risk factors combined

There are many physiological cycles affected by environmental stressors. Which of the following cycles occurs many times in a 24-hour period?

Ultradian cycles

Spiritual potential is best described as

a collection of inner resources to be used in time of stress

"Brief grief" is considered

a form of healthy grieving

Cognitive restructuring is a term best described as:

a rethinking process about a stressor

The term "spiritual hunger" can best be defined as:

a search for that which cannot be found in one's traditional religion

This term is used to describe the first stage of coronary heart disease

atherogenesis

Logotherapy is a therapy where one:

attempts to find meaning in one's life.

The four stages of cognitive restructuring are:

awareness, reappraisal, adoption, and evaluation

This is the suggested order to reconstruct negative thoughts into positive ones"

awareness, reappraise, adopt, evaluate

Please finished this popular axiom: As population increases, ________

behavior decreases

Dr. Carl Simonton is credited with introducing art therapy for his patients diagnosed with:

cancer

These three characteristics are thought to be associated with what is now known as the hardy personality

challenge, control, and commitment

Kubler-Ross's original order of the grieving stages is:

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

From a Tibetan perspective of mind and stress, stress is believed to be a consequence of:

desires

"Cognitive Surplus" is a term that best explains

digital consciousness with online media

The neurotransmitter associated with chemical addictions, but now also associated with screen addictions, is:

dopamine

According to Borysenko's stress and disease model, lupus is regarded as an:

endogenous over-reaction

It is suggested that attitudes and behaviors about race and gender begin in

grade school

the thyroxine axis begins in this part of the endocrine system

hypothalamus

Recent brain imagining (MRI) research revealed all of the following except

increased blood flow to the limbic system (True are: decreased neural input to hippocampus, increased secretion of serotonin, and increased level of acceptance in frontal lobe)

Massage research with premature babies showed that

infants showed significant weight gain

This type of muscle contraction is associated with persistent muscle tension

isometric

According to Manpower, this percentage of Americans typically don't leave their workstation during the lunch hour:

less than 50%

Polyphasia is another name for:

multi-tasking

This is considered to be the NUMBER ONE symptom of stress

muscle tension

In terms of Type A behavior, polyphasia is best described as:

performing several tasks at one time

This non-inert substance in plastic is associated with problematic changes in one's hormonal balance

phthalates

Energy breathing is a special technique where you visualize

pulling air and energy into your head and feet

The adrenal medulla:

releases epinephrine and norepinephrine

The most common theme among theorists regarding the psychology of stress is

self-awareness

Cognitive restructuring is rooted int eh work of Albert Ellis, who coined the term Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy (REBT) to suggest that:

self-defeated thoughts should be balanced with positive thoughts

This mismanaged style of anger is represented by substituting anger for another behavior.

self-punishers

Synesthesia is a term to describe

sensory crossover

According to experts, the field of sociology involves the study of human behavior within all but the following

societies

This season of the soul is characterized by bonding with others and social well-being

the connecting process

Via negativa might best be described by some as:

the dark night of the soul

According to self-esteem expert Nathaniel Brandon, high self-esteem has been described as

the immune system of our consciousness

The adrenal gland rests on top of this organ

the kidneys

This level of the brain is called the seat of the emotions because it appears to be the first to register pain

the limbic area

The use of sarcasm would be a mismanaged anger trait exhibited by:

underhanders

The term psychic equilibrium means

unity of conscious and unconscious minds

This vitamin is called the sunshine vitamin

vitamin D