Structure and Function of Key Organelles (Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Cell Membrane)
How many membranes does Mitochondria have?
Two
What does the Liquid Matrix do?
provides a medium for reactions
What's a Plasma Membrane?
the outermost layer of a cell is the plasma membrane, and has a phospholipid bi-layer.
What does Chlorophyll do in the Chloroplast?
Absorbs light for photosynthesis
What's a Liquid Matrix?
a fluid-filled space enclosed by the inner membrane of the Mitochondria which contains many enzymes that can function in the large surface area. (created by the cristae)
What is the outer membrane of Mitochondria?
an unwrinkled sac that is permeable to many molecules that pass through.
What's Lamellae?
they are tubes that connect each Grana to each other.
Whats the Stroma?
watery, transparent matrix in plants called the Stroma.
What's Grana?
Flat, compact piles of Thylakoids.
Where are Chloroplasts found?
Inside the cells of green plants and algae
What's the Plasma Membrane's function?
It has semi-permeability which means it only allows some substances to pass through it. (Small molecules can move quickly through it)
Where can you find lots of Mitochondria?
It is abundant in cells with high energy needs (muscle cells, etc)
What is a Mitochondria?
It is the powerhouse of the cell
Describe the shape of a mitochondrion
Rod-shaped
Describe the primary function of mitochondria
Site of cellular respiration- the production of energy in the form of ATP from glucose.
Outline why the cell needs energy
The cell then uses energy to carry out the essential life processes (aka M.R.S C G.R.E.N)
Outline the benefits of having a highly folded inner-membrane
The cristae (folded membrane) greatly increases the surface area of the inner membrane to allow a higher transport rate of reactants (eg H+ and O2) and products (eg Co2 and H20) and also allows compartmentalization so the reactions can occur in optimum conditions.
How does the double membrane of the Mitochondria give an advantage?
The double membrane increases the surface area.
What do the enzymes in the liquid matrix do? (in the Mitochondria)
The enzymes catalyze (speed up) the breakdown of glucose products into carbon dioxide and water.
Describe how the shape of a mitochondrion provides an advantage
The rod-shape of Mitochondria increases the surface area for diffusion and makes diffusion faster and more efficient to provide the high energy needs that a organism has.
What's Cristae?
The wrinkles, or folds are organised into layers called cristae.
Where are Chloroplasts abundant?
They are abundant in cells locted near the top of the leaves in plants.
What does the structure of Thylakoids enable them to do?
They are flat and disc-shaped to increase the surface area for the absorbtion of light.
Where are Chloroplasts located and why?
They are located near the plasma membrane in cells so that the distance raw materials (Co2 an H20) have to diffuse is short.