Structure/Function of Cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton

A network of protien filaments that extends throughout the cytosol

Centrosome

A pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material; the pericentrolar material contains tubulin, which are used for growth of the mitotic spindle

Golgi Complex

Accepts protiens from the ER; forms glycoprotiens, glycolipids, and lipoprotiens; sorts and packages molecules for transport to differnet locations (secretory, membrane, and transport vesicles)

Cytoplasm

All contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Mitochondria

"Powerhouse of the cell'; Site of aerobic cellular respiration reactions that produce most of a cell's ATP

Free Ribosome

Make protiens that will function in the cytosol

Cilia

Numerous, short, hairlike bundles of microtubules that extend from the surface of the cell

Peroxisomes

Oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids; detoxifies harmful substances

Flagella

Similar structure to the cilia, but much longer and moves the entire cell. Also only found in sperm cells

Attached Ribosome

Usually make proteins that are exported or included in the cell's membranes, and are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

synthesizes fatty acids and steriods; stores and releases calcium ions into muscle cells

Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

synthesizes glycoprotiens and phospholipids

Lysosomes

Digests worn-out oraganelles, entire cells, and extracellular materials

Cytosol

Intracellular Fluid

Microtubules

Structure: Long, hollow tubes composed of a protien called tubulin, with a centrosome used as an anchor for the tubulin. Function: To help determine the cell shape,intracellular transport of organelles such as secretory vesicles, and migration of chromosomes during cell division.

Intermediate filaments

Structure: Thicker than microfilaments but smaller than microtubules, and are exceptionally strong due to the several different protiens. Function: To help anchor organelles, and cell to one another, and are subject to mechnical stress

Microfilaments

Structure:Thinnest elements of the cytoskeleton, and are concentrated near the plasma membrane Function: Movement, Mechnical Support, and reponsible for basic strength and shape of the cell

Proteasome

continous destruction of uneeded, damaged, or faulty protiens