Structures & Functions of the Digestive System
Palate:
"Roof of mouth" Hard palate (front ½) Soft palate (back ½)
CUSPIDS
("canines/eye teeth")-Are pointed for tearing.
BICUSPIDS
(Premolars)-Are broad with 2 ridges for grinding food.
What is a BOLUS?
*A soft, solid ball of food for swallowing.
Function of the Stomach: How long does it take for the stomach to empty?
*Chemical breakdown of food. *Releases acids & digestive enzymes to make: *Chyme =*Partially digested liquid food. 2-4 hours.
Liver
*Largest organ of the human body. Connects to gall bladder and small intestine by ducts.
*Parotid gland-
*Largest salivary gland. Located in front of the ear.
Function of Mouth:
*Physically breaks food down into smaller pieces...turns it into a BOLUS.
Function of the Liver:
*Produces bile for digestion. Filters out harmful substances (alcohol, drugs, etc.)
Function of Salivary glands:
*Secretes saliva & digestive enzymes for Chemical digestion of food.
Ascending colon (Large intestines)
1st section; Extends "Up".
Appendix (Large intestines)
4 inch, narrow, blind tube protruding from the cecum. No known useful function.
Salivary glands
=*Parotid gland=Largest. *Saliva enzymes for chemical breakdown.
Tongue + Teeth
=*Physical breakdown.
Gall bladder
=Stores bile =*Accessory structure
ABSORPTION
Absorbs nutrients in small intestines -Absorbs water in large intestines
Function of Large intestines: What type of diet promotes colon health?
Absorbs water and salts. Bacterial action (E.coli). Gas formation (Flatus/flatulence). Fecal formation. *Elimination/defecation of waste. -High fiber-
Small intestines
Absorption
*Structures of Mouth:
Aka:*BUCCAL CAVITY *Palate Uvula Tongue Teeth Salivary Glands
*Digestive system:
Also known as: *ALIMENTARY CANAL Digestive Tract Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Upper GI Lower GI Approximately 30' in length from mouth to anus. Function: Digestion, absorption, & elimination.
Large intestines:
Approximately 2" in diameter. 5' long. *Receives chyme (thick, creamy liquid food) from the ileum.
Tongue:
Attached to floor of mouth. Made of skeletal muscle attached to four bones.
Esophagus
Behind trachea *Primary structure
Cardiac Sphincter- (Stomach)
Between esophagus and stomach-Plop!
Pyloric Sphincter- (Stomach)
Between stomach and small intestines-Oooze!.
Mouth
Buccal cavity"
Pharynx (throat):
Common passageway for food and air.
Function of Pharynx:
Common passageway for food to the esophagus & air to the trachea.
Stomach
Digestive enzymes for Chemical breakdown=*Chyme-Liquid.
*Function of Small intestines:
Digests carbs, fats, and proteins and *ABSORBS the nutrients. Then transfers nutrients to the blood to take to the cells of the body.
Anus (Large intestines)
EXTERNAL opening of the large intestines.
Large intestines
Elimination
Pancreas
Feather shaped organ. Located behind stomach.
*Duodenum- (Small intestines)
First segment 12" long Receives bile from the gallbladder and liver.
Uvula:
Flap of skin hanging in the back of the throat.
Rugae (Stomach)
Folds of gastric mucosa inside the stomach.
MOLARS
Have ridges for crushing and grinding.
INCISORS
Have sharp edges for biting.
Liver
Largest organ in body. *Produces Bile
Descending colon/sigmoid colon (Large intestines)
Last section; Extends "Down" into the rectum.
Stomach
Located in LUQ. Fundus (top) Body (middle) Pylorus (lower) Attached to esophagus & small intestines.
Function of Teeth:
Mastication=Chewing! *The teeth & tongue start the Physical breakdown of food.
Transverse colon (Large intestines)
Middle section; Extends "Across".
*Primary structures:
Mouth *Esophagus Stomach Small intestines Large intestines
The Path of Food through the Digestive System
Mouth>Pharynx>Esophagus>Stomach> Small Intestines>Large Intestines>Rectum>Anus
Function of Tongue:
Moves food around in the mouth. Contains the taste buds. Taste buds on the surface: Sweet Sour Bitter Salty
Function of Esophagus:
Moves food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophagus
Muscular tube, 10" long. *LOCATED BEHIND THE TRACHEA.
Submandibular gland-
Near the angle of the lower jaw
EXCRETION
Occurs in large intestines
DIGESTION
Occurs in mouth, stomach, small intestines
Feces/Stool/BM- (Large intestines)
Poop (defecate)
Cecum (Large intestines)
Pouch at the beginning of the large intestines. *Located in the abdominal cavity.
Function of Uvula:
Prevents food from entering the nasal cavity.
Teeth:
Primary (deciduous) 20 "baby teeth" Secondary (permanent) 32 "adult teeth"
Pancreas
Regulate sugar
Rectum (Large intestines)
Right before the opening. Temporary storage for feces.
Jejunum (Small intestines)
Second segment 8' long
Function of Pancreas:
Secretes pancreatic enzymes to break down food. Regulates sugar by producing insulin.
SECRETION
Secretion of saliva, enzymes, bile, & pancreatic juices
Function of Palate:
Separates the mouth from the nose.
*Gall bladder:
Small green, muscular sac, located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, under the liver.
Bolus
Solid ball.
Function of Gall bladder:
Stores and concentrates bile until needed by body to break down FATS.
Ileum (Small intestines)
Third segment 10-12' long
MASTICATION
To chew
INGESTION
To eat
*Accessory structures:
Tongue Teeth Salivary glands Pancreas Liver *Gall bladder
Sublingual gland-
Under the tongue.
Elimination of wastes
large intestines
Chemical breakdown
saliva & digestive enzymes
Absorption of nutrients
small intestines
Physical breakdown
teeth & tongue
