Study!

Which of the following is a feature of scientific management?

It is concerned with improving the performance of individual workers.

A _____ is the most general form of a standing plan that specifies an organization's general response to a designated problem or situation.

Policy

Grandpa's Special is a culinary arts training center. Due to its popularity, a large number of people want to join the center. Since Grandpa's Special will not be able to train a large number of people due to insufficient resources, it decides to grant admission only to ladies between the ages 18 and 25. This is an example of a _____.

Policy

_____ refers to individual perceptions of the fairness used to determine various outcomes.

Procedural justice

An organization that implements a defender strategy focuses on:

Protecting its market from new competitors

The _____ is an international strategy in which a company attempts to combine the benefits of global scale efficiencies with the benefits and advantages of local responsiveness.

Transnational Strategy

Which of the following is a factor in the economic dimension of an organization?

Unemployment

The _____ was a major stimulus to international trade after it was first ratified in 1948 by 23 countries.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

A(n) _____ is a business that is based primarily in a single country but acquires some meaningful share of its resources or revenues (or both) from other countries.

international business

An import/export operation is advantageous because it:

is an easy way to enter a market with a small outlay of capital.

t is difficult to imitate a distinctive competence because:

its nature might not be understood by competing firms.

Government appointed agencies who monitor and control certain aspects of business activity can _____ to implement legislation on organizations that violate regulations.

levy fines

A _____ is a simplified representation of a system, process, or relationship.

mathematical model

Decentralizing power in the hands of a local subsidiary:

may make it difficult to transfer learning from one subsidiary to another.

International managers:

need to organize to implement their plans.

The _____ is an approach to social responsibility in which firms do as little as possible to solve social or environmental problems.

obstructionist stance

Employers often prefer to rely on temporary workers because they:

offer greater flexibility.

A line manager at a brewery sets a target for the minimum number of beer cartons that have to be shipped out by the end of each day. This is an example of a(n) _____ goal.

operational

Unlike programmed decisions, nonprogrammed decisions are:

relatively unstructured and occur much less often.

The term _____ refers to employees deliberately working at a pace slower than their capabilities.

soldiering

A condition in which a decision maker knows with reasonable surety what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative is called a _____.

state of certainty

Tactical plans are an organized sequence of steps designed to execute _____.

strategic plans

A(n) _____ is an interrelated set of elements functioning as a whole.

system

The focus of _____ is on how to operationalize actions necessary to achieve the strategic goals.

tactical goals

A theoretical advantage of unrelated diversification is that:

A business will have a stable performance over time.

Which of the following is a difference between the roles of a disseminator and a spokesperson?

A disseminator's role involves relaying information to others at a workplace, whereas a spokesperson's role involves relaying information to people outside an organization.

Weather Watches, a watch manufacturing company, faces a lot of problems while planning and setting goals as its competitors' technology is constantly developing. It too has to upgrade the technology it uses to keep up with its competitors. Which of the following barriers to goal setting and planning does Weather Watches face?

A dynamic and complex environment

_____ is a tax collected on goods shipped across national boundaries.

A tariff

Which of the following best defines the term theory?

It is a conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint for action.

Which of the following does Theory X assume?

People prefer to be directed and to avoid responsibility.

Which of the following is the most important source of money for financing a new business?

Personal resources

Which of the following is required to help alert entrepreneurs to potential trouble?

An effective control system

Most successful entrepreneurs:

Analyze market conditions carefully

Which of the following is a primary advantage of education as a source of management?

As a student, a person can follow a well-developed program of study.

Unlike multidomestic firms, global corporations:

Assume that customers are the same regardless of nationality.

_____ refers to an organization's beginning of the business activities formerly conducted by its customers.

Forward vertical integration

Beige Inc. sells very few products in the market, has a constant and stable supply of resources, and faces relatively less competition. Which of the following statements is true of the environmental uncertainty faced by Beige?

Beige Inc. has a simple environment with relatively low levels of uncertainty.

The _____ establishes the corporate mission and strategy.

Board of Directors

Which of the following is a similarity between rules and regulations and standard operating procedures (SOPs)?

Both are relatively narrow in scope

Which of the following is a way of maintaining culture in an organization?

By rewarding people whose behaviors are consistent with the current culture

Which of the following countries remains largely underdeveloped but has a high-potential economy?

China

_____, an extreme of social orientation, is the belief that the group comes first.

Collectivism

An organization has a _____ when it is not implementing valuable strategies that are being implemented by competing organizations.

Competitive Disadvantage

Which of the following is a pure type of property ownership?

Complete private ownership

A(n) _____ is a contract between an entrepreneur and a parent company; the entrepreneur pays the parent company for the use of its trademarks, products, formulas, and business plans.

Franchising Agreement

A fire broke out in a well-reputed hospital in a city. Despite the fire fighters arriving within ten minutes of the occurrence, over a hundred people were severely injured. This was due to insufficient equipment necessary to evacuate people during an emergency. This was clearly a case of the hospital management's faulty _____.

Contingency Planning

Kayla is a high-potential worker. However, she is lazy and does not complete her assignments on time. In order to improve Kayla's work output, her boss must monitor her progress on given assignment. In this scenario, Kayla's boss will be performing the managerial function of _____.

Controlling

_____ helps an organization perceive, or even generate, new opportunities in its environment.

Creativity

_____ skills enable managers to visualize the most appropriate response to a situation.

Diagnostic

A(n) ______ is a pattern of action that develops over time in an organization in the absence of mission and goals or despite mission and goals.

Emergent Strategy

Which of the following is a reason why quality is an important management challenge today?

Enhancing quality lowers costs

_____ is behavior that conforms to generally accepted social norms.

Ethical behavior

The tax revenue of a city is an example of a ________ resource.

Financial

_______ resources refer to the capital used by an organization to fund both ongoing and long-term operations.

Financial

A _____ is a strategy in which an organization concentrates on a specific regional market, product line, or group of buyers.

Focus strategy

Omar decides to buy a pair of running shoes from a store. He likes three pairs of running shoes at the store. Following the steps of rational decision-making process in deciding which pair to buy, which of the following should be Omar's next step?

He should evaluate the feasibility of each pair of running shoes.

_____ managers are responsible for hiring and developing employees.

Human Resources

Which of the following is a reason for the increase in the average age of the U.S. workforce?

Improved health and medical care for the aging workforce

Rodney, the director of a software company, decides to launch a free-education program for the underprivileged children in his country. He instructs his administrative staff to distribute free textbooks for the underprivileged children using 1% of the company's annual profits based on its annual sales reports. In this scenario, the annual sales reports are categorized as ______ resources.

Information

Which of the following is a basic form of organizational justice?

Informational justice

Which of the following is an advantage of the interacting group decision-making method?

Interaction among people can spark new ideas.

The first stage of the product life cycle is the _____.

Introduction Stage

Which of the following is true of a small business?

It does not influence its environment

Which of the following best describes the behavioral management perspective?

It emphasizes individual attitudes and group processes.

Which of the following is a feature of the quantitative management perspective?

It focuses on decision making, mathematical models, and the use of computers.

Which of the following is a benefit of planning?

It helps managers know how to allocate their time and resources.

Which of the following is true of the BCG matrix?

It helps managers understand how strategic business units contribute to an overall organization.

Which of the following is not true of the glass ceiling in many organizations?

It keeps women from advancing to top management positions in organizations.

Which of the following is true of bounded rationality?

It suggests that decision makers are limited by their values and unconscious reflexes, skills, and habits.

Which of the following is true of satisficing?

It suggests that decision makers search only until they find an alternative that meets some minimum standard of sufficiency.

Which of the following is true of social responsibility?

It varies for different countries.

Which of the following is a criticism of regulation?

Its goals can be accomplished by a free market system.

Who among the following is an example of a yuppie?

Jeremy, a recent graduate who works in a multinational company

Lana, the owner of a high-end boutique, claims she selects items for her boutique purely on a hunch. Based on Lana's claim, which of the following is true of Lana's decision-making process?

Lana uses intuition in her decision-making process

In the context of job creation and layoffs, which of the following is true?

Large companies are the last to lay off workers during economic downswings.

Which of the following is an informal dimension for managing social responsibility?

Leadership

_____ is the extent to which an organization conforms to local, state, federal, and international laws.

Legal compliance

_____ is the use of persons or groups to formally represent an organization or group of organizations before political bodies to influence the government.

Lobbying

_____ wrote the books The Tipping Point, Blink, and Outliers.

Malcolm Gladwell

Farida, a manager at Pepper Edison Bank, uses mathematical models to figure out how many cashiers need to be on duty at each location at various times throughout the day. Which of the following approaches is used by Farida?

Management science

When there are strong economies of scale in _______, small firms do not do as well as large firms.

Manufacturing

Which of the following must occur for an organization to support differentiation?

Marketing and sales must emphasize the high-value image of an organization's products.

Smiles and Rainbows, a not-for-profit organization, defines the reason for its existence as follows: "To provide effective vocational education for underprivileged children throughout the United States." This is an example of an organization's _____.

Mission

_____ refers to the broad issues associated with differences in values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes held by people in different cultures.

Multiculturalism

A(n) _____ is defined as a segment of a market that is not currently being exploited.

Niche

The _____ is an agreement made by the United States, Canada, and Mexico to promote trade with one another.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

During the maturity stage of the product life cycle, the:

Number of established firms producing the product declines

Concrete Constructions, a construction company, wants a suitable site to establish a new residential complex. Site selection is the responsibility of the ____ manager of Concrete Constructions.

Operations

Which of the following is a major tool for managing diversification?

Organization structure

Which of the following is an argument in favor of social responsibility?

Organizations are responsible for making pollution and should help solve it. Fee

Aicha, the coach of a women's basketball team, prepares the team's playing strategy for an upcoming basketball tournament. The strategies devised will be successful only if the players are allocated appropriate positions in the team according to their strengths. In this scenario, which of the following managerial functions must Aicha perform to allocate playing positions to the players?

Organizing

The manager of Follicle, a salon and spa, believes that the techniques they have followed for generations are superior to the latest techniques that are scientifically proven to be more effective. He fears that the use of new techniques may lead to failure and continues to use the existing techniques. In this scenario, which of the following barriers to goal setting and planning is most evident?

Resistance to change

Which of the following areas does a well-conceived strategy address?

Resource Deployment

Experts agree that small businesses will be quite important in the emerging economies of countries such as _____.

Russia

The _____ was a law passed in 2002 that requires CEOs and CFOs to personally vouch for the truthfulness and fairness of their firms' financial disclosure.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

A retail business:

Sells products manufactured by other firms

Which of the following is a diverse field in which entrepreneurs have achieved success?

Specialized dog training

Milo is a financial accountant who recently started an accounting firm. He is personally responsible for the success or failure of the company. This company can be bought over by an existing business. This scenario shows that Milo owns a _____.

Start-Up

_____ are primary inputs for developing tactical goals.

Strategic Goals

_____ refers to the set of processes involved in creating or determining the strategies of an organization.

Strategy Formulation

_____ are organizations that provide resources for other organizations.

Suppliers

Which of the following is an organizational strength?

Surplus capital

_____ exists among a set of businesses when the businesses' economic value together is greater than their economic value separately.

Synergy

In order to further an organization's goal of increasing sales by a large margin, the managers coordinate the acquisition of a number of retail outlets in smaller cities. These acquisitions represent the implementation of a(n) _____ plan.

Tactical

Valid Inc., a manufacturer of electronic gadgets, sees an unforeseen drop in sales of its latest product, Anytime Videogames. Nathan, the developer of the battery used in Anytime Videogames, discovers that the reason for this is the low battery of the consoles. In order to increase the batter life of the consoles, which of the of the following skills must Nathan specifically improve?

Technical Skills

Which of the following acts emphasized the importance for people with various impairment?

The Americans with Disabilities Act

Harriet is very quiet by nature. Recently, she participated in a team discussion in her office to decide their monthly goal. Even though Harriet had some good suggestions and wanted to speak, she was unable to get in a word because Simon, another team member, spoke most of the time. In this scenario, which of the following drawbacks of group decision making is most evident?

The group may be dominated by a single person

Which of the following can result in cultural problems in an organization?

The growth of rival factions within the organization

Which of the following is true of nominal groups?

The members do not freely interact with each

Which of the following is an advantage of hiring retirees in an organization?

The organization gets the expertise of skilled workers

_____ is a layer of the external environment of an organization.

The task environment

Which of the following dimensions refers to the methods available for converting resources into products or services?

The technological dimension

Which of the following statements is true of minorities in small businesses?

There has been an increase in the number of African American-owned businesses

Managers need to take a scientific approach to solving problems especially when:

They are dealing with relatively routine and straightforward issues.

Which of the following best defines subsystems?

They are systems within another system.

Which of the following is true of strategic goals?

They focus on broad, general issues.

Which of the following is true of Small Business Administration (SBA) financial programs?

They lend to firms that are unable to get private financing

Which of the following is true of first-line managers?

They oversee the day-to-day operations of their team.

Which of the following is true of Multinational Corporations (MNCs)?

They transfer capital and information from one market to another.

Which of the following is a function of a planning staff?

To go beyond pet projects and particular departments

_____ is the disclosure by an employee of illegal or unethical conduct on the part of others within the organization.

Whistle-blowing

Decision making is the process of:

adopting one course of action as opposed to others.

One of the most critical challenges facing managers today is _____.

an unpredictable economy that limits growth

Universal perspectives:

attempt to identify the one best way to do something.

Managers at Ruth & Fishers Corp. recognize the value of history. The company maintains an extensive archival library of its old documents and records and has also employed a full-time corporate historian. This helps the managers _____.

avoid the mistakes of others

A major way to shape the culture of an organization is to:

bring outsiders into important managerial positions.

The _____ consists of two distinct branches, scientific management and administrative management.

classical management perspective

While performing the function of organizing in a global economy, managers should:

deal with human resources.

Selena fractures the radial bone in her forearm. Her surgeon advises her to undergo a surgery in which a steel plate would be inserted to support the bone. He explains to her that after the surgery there would be only a 70 percent chance of regaining complete movement in the arm and a 30 percent chance of completely losing arm functionality. Selena decides to proceed with the surgery. In this scenario, Selena's decision making process is an example of _____.

decision making under a state of risk

A moderate degree of uncertainty is faced by an organization with a:

dynamic but simple environment.

The most common path to acquiring managerial skills involves a combination of:

education and experience

The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 requires organizations to recognize and bargain with a union if that union has been legally established by an organization's _____.

employees

The final step in the decision-making process requires that mangers:

evaluate the effectiveness of their decision.

The result of the actions of high-profile deposed executives is that:

executives are expected to exhibit the strongest ethical conduct.

Watson and Raymond Inc., a courier company based in the United States,suffered a loss recently when a cyclone struck its headquarters and damaged a lot of data stored on the company's servers. In this scenario, Watson and Raymond's business was affected by its _____.

external environment

A weakness of the single-product strategy is that the:

firm using it will suffer if its product is replaced by a new one.

Horizontal consistency of goals means that:

goals should be consistent from one department to the next.

An organization culture:

helps members understand what it stands for.

Satisfactoriness refers to:

how well an alternative fulfills the conditions of a decision situation.

Robert Owen, a British industrialist and reformer, recognized the importance of an organization's _____.

human resources

Management can address concerns related to the privacy of personal information on the Internet by:

indicating how people can opt out of data collection.

Maximus Technologies changed a few of its policies and made its work environment employee-friendly. It increased the incentives and benefits given to its employees. This change motivated the employees, and the production rate increased by 75 percent. Maximus Technologies benefitted because of the changes implemented in its _____.

internal environment

Friendly Faces, a not-for-profit organization, sets a target to feed 100 children every day for one year. Rehaan, the local resources manager, is given the responsibility of achieving this goal. In keeping with the guidelines of tactical planning, Rehaan plans to first identify 100 children who could benefit from this project. Rehaan's plan is an example of a _____.

tactical plan

A global business:

transcends national boundaries and is not committed to a single home country.

The rate of change and the degree of homogeneity interact to determine the level of:

uncertainty faced by an organization.

True entrepreneurs:

undergo the process of planning and operating a business venture.

According to Douglas McGregor, Theory X represented the _____.

views of scientific management