Study for MOCA Subtest II

A young child demonstrates awareness of some phonological structures in spoken English but has not yet developed phonemic awareness. Which of the following activities would most likely be beyond the student's level of skill development? A. clapping once for every syllable in a spoken word or phrase B. counting the separate words in a spoken sentence C. segmenting a one-syllable spoken word into onset and rime D. identifying the final speech sound in a spoken word

(D)

Teacher uses a word game to informally assess the literacy development of individual students in the class. In the game, the teacher says the sounds in a familiar word slowly and continuously and then prompts the student to identify the word. This procedure would mostly effectively provide a measure of students' development in which of the following areas of emergent literacy? A. grapheme-morpheme correspondence B. oral vocabulary knowledge C. encoding and decoding word D. phonemic awareness

(D)

What are the three types of resources?

1. Capital 2. Human 3. Natural

Semantic Feature Analysis

A comparison of words or concepts that are related and that are similar and differ in some important dimensions. Effective for promoting a deep level of knowledge about new words that represent unfamiliar concepts.

A narrative essay functions to.. A.remind a reader of a personal experience B. take a reader to a new place C. tell a story D. keep a reader's attention

A remind a reader of a personal experience

Which of the following phrases accurately describes the syllable in English?

A unit of phonological structure that has one vowel phoneme and may also begin or end with consonant sounds

Which of the following sentences contains an error in subject-verb agreement? A.One of the students are eating vanilla ice cream for dessert B. My gloves were lost when I absentmindedly left them on the bus C. a good alarm clock is not substitute for a good night's sleep D. Bicyclists are more physically fit than people who drive cars

A. In the sentence, the plural form "are" does not agree with the singular subject "one" it should be 'One of the students is eating vanilla ice cream for dessert'

A teacher wants to select appropriate texts to use for instruction during a small reading group. Which of the following methods of gathering information is likely to be the most effective way for the teacher to determine each student's reading level? A. administering a running record and identifying the cuing systems the student relies on B. reviewing the student's independent reading log to determine the difficulty of books the student reads C. having the student respond in writing to comprehension questions about a text reading D. reading a story to the student and then having the student answer questions orally

A. When administering a running record, the teacher selects a passage believed to be close to the student's developmental level. The teacher has the student read the passage from the book while tracking each error and error type. This allows the teacher to record the student's reading behavior and identify the cuing systems the student is relying upon as the student reads from the book.

A synonym of robust is... A. Healthy B. Unhealthy C. Dull D. Pensive E. Tired

A. Healthy

Which of the following modifiers generally end in 'ly'? A. adverb B. noun C. adjective D. verb

A. adverb Adverbs are used to modify verbs and give us more information about how an action is completed

The successful implementation of writing is called... A. craft B. literacy C. phonics D. vocabulary E. all are correct

A. craft Craft means the successful implementation of writing

A fourth grade teacher includes instruction in independent word-learning strategies as one component in a multi-faceted approach to vocabulary instruction. For example, after students begin reading about mammals in a science textbook, the teacher presents a lesson focused on helping students learn the concepts and vocabulary introduced in the text. Providing students with explicit instruction and guided practice in which of the following word learning strategies would best support students' vocabulary development in this situation? A. creating a semantic features analysis B. applying contextual analysis in an expository text C. using structural analysis to infer word meanings D. researching new concepts using classroom resources

A. creating a semantic features analysis

The skill that helps you take different sounds and blend them to make words... A. encoding B. envision C. decoding D. description

A. encoding is blending sounds together to make up words

A pharmaceutical researcher testifies about the effects of a specific medication. What type of testimony is this? A. expert testimony B. peer testimony C. medical testimony D. hypothetical testimony

A. expert testimony Expert testimony comes from a person that is a respected expert in the field of your topic, such as a doctor or someone that has conducted a great deal of research in that particular field.

A teacher who is beginning a social studies project employing inquiry-based learning should begin by helping students: A. formulating questions that require more than factual answers B. establishing appropriate criteria for completing their project C. developing effective means of evaluating sources D. devising projects that require materials from diverse disciplines

A. formulating questions that require more than factual answers A major aim of inquiry-based learning is to promote student examination of open-ended, debatable, real-world issues. If the approach is to work as designed, teachers need to encourage students to formulate questions that require more than factual answers

Which of the following factors affecting literacy acquisition is the most common cause of reading comprehension difficulties among first-grade students? A. limited decoding skills B. lack of academic vocabulary C. limited schema development D. delays in oral language development

A. limited decoding skills

Which of these refers to the awareness of and ability to work with the sounds of speech? A. phonological awareness B. spelling awareness C. phonics D. phonics awareness

A. phonological awareness

Only the federal government can..... A. raised armed forces B. conduct elections C. borrow money D. regulate commerce

A. raise armed forces. State or local government conduct elections. Federal, state, or local governments can borrow money and regulate commerce. ONLY THE FEDERAL GOV CAN RAISE ARMED FORCES

Knowledge of common text structures promotes students' reading comprehension primarily by enhancing their ability to: A. recognize relationships between ideas in a text B. retain facts or details from a text in memory C. make text-to-self connections as they read D. deepen understanding of key words in a text

A. recognize relationships between ideas in a text

One strategy for improving oral fluency is to have the reader engage in ... A. repeated practice B. watching instructional videos C. practice conversation with better readers D. peer engagement

A. repeated practice

What is the first phonological awareness skill that children learn? A. rhyme B. segment C. blend D. identify phonemes

A. rhyme Rhyme is the first phonological awareness skill that children learn. Other skills build on this foundation.

What is it called when written information is transferred from the writer's words into a very short summary? A. summarizing B. quotation C. notation D. paraphrasing

A. summarizing A summary presents the main ideas in a very short overview. Written information is transferred into a writer's own words and still attributed to the original source.

A fifth-grade teacher is compiling a 'suggested books for independent reading' list for students. The list will include books at varying degrees of difficulty. Which of the following factors should the teacher take into consideration when qualitatively measuring the complexity of a science book to add to the list? A. the presence and usefulness of text features B. the average number of words per sentence C. the number of words from a grade-level word list D. the use of a clear narrative structure

A. the presence and usefulness of text features. When evaluating and selecting texts for students, it is important for a teacher to consider the qualitative measures of the text's complexity. This includes factors to make texts more accessible to students, such as text features.

Phonology is... A. the systematic organization of sounds into language B. being able to produce sounds C. the study of telephones D. having proper grammar and spelling

A. the systematic organization of sounds into language

The first major phonological skill developed... A. word awareness B. syllable awareness C. understanding rhyme and alliteration D. rhyme manipulation

A. word awareness

For the word 'cane' which is the onset? A. /c/ B. /n/ C. /ca/ D. /ane/

A/c/ An onset is the initial consonant sound in a word.

As part of a fourth-grade social studies unit on the American Revolution, a teacher wants to increase students' awareness of the human perspectives that influenced participants in the struggle for independence. Which of the following student activities is best designed to achieve that learning goal? A. reviewing selected profiles in a biographical dictionary of major figures of the Revolution B. reading a set of historical fiction stories centering on events of the Revolution C. writing essays describing the conduct and outcome of a major battle of the Revolution D. reading and discussing excerpts from the proceedings of the Continental Congress

B. Historical fiction can offer substantial insights into the thoughts, feelings, and motives of participants in a given historical event. As imaginative renderings of the past based on varying degrees of research in original documents, such works must be used with care, but they do provide a far richer human perspective than what is usually found in textbook accounts.

A sixth-grade social studies teacher wants to begin a unit on the development of Republican forms of government in the modern era. Instruction on which of the following premodern topics would be most important to deepen students' understanding in this unit? A. the results of the Crusades of the eleventh and twelfth centuries B. the circumstances leading to the Magna Carta in the thirteenth century C. the system of electing the Holy Roman Emperor in the fourteenth century D. the examination of political power during the Renaissance of the fifteenth century

B. The Magna Carta of 1215 marked the acceptance on the part of King John of England of the principle that monarchial power was limited, in regard to taxation. To monitor the king's adherence to its terms, the original charter called for a council of barons ,which evolved by the fifteenth century to be a semi-electoral Parliament

A writer is conducting research and would like to assess the reliability of information on a Web site. Which of the following questions about the site would be most important for the writer to ask ? A. How many Internet users have visited the site within the past 6 months? B. Is the website sponsored by a government agency, educational institution, business, or individual? C. Does the website provide an email address for the person or company responsible for making the website? D. Does the website contain links to other websites that offer information about the same topic?

B. Websites sponsored by gov agencies are generally considered to be reliable sources of information.

A sixth-grade social studies teacher wants to begin a unit on the development of republican forms of government in the modern era. Instruction on which of the following premodern topics would be most important to deepen students' understanding in this unit? A. results of the Crusades of the 11th and 12th centuries B. the circumstances leading to the Magna Carta in the 13th century C. the system of electing the Holy Roman Emperor in the 14th century

B. The Magna Carta of 1215 marked the acceptance on the part of King John of England of the principle that monarchial power was limited, particularly in regard to taxation .

The word genre comes from the French, meaning: A. classify B. kind C. category D. group

B. Kind Genre, in broad terms, refers to any works that share certain characteristics. If enough characteristics are in common, then the pieces are said to be in the same genre

A fourth-grade teacher introduces students to important concepts and new vocabulary before students participate in a hand-on science activity. After the activity, which of the following strategies would most effectively reinforce students' learning of the new vocabulary? A. having students use the target words to complete a cloze exercise B. asking students to use the target words as they discuss what they learned from the activity C. having students write a sentence using each word

B. asking students to use the target words as they discuss what they have learned from the activity. Research suggests that providing students with opportunities to use recently taught words in their own speech promotes students' deeper understanding and retention of the words.

A fifth-grade teacher is designing a social studies unit on the consequences of World War II on women's roles in the workforce. Which of the following instructional activities would be most effective for the teacher to include in the unit to promote the students' understanding of this topic? A. analyzing newsreel footage of women workers during the war B. comparing women's jobs poor to the war and during the war using a Venn diagram C. creating a table recording the number of female workers in different industries during the 1940s D. reading about the origins of "Rosie the Riveter" and making posters celebrating women workers

B. comparing women's jobs prior to the war and during the war using a Venn diagram Venn diagram's are an effective device when it comes to highlighting a direct comparison

While assessing students' understanding of the effects in Missouri offing a border state during the Civil War, a third-grade teacher finds the following statement in a student's work: Being a border state meant that Missouri was between the two sides of the Civil War. Most Missourians stayed neutral between the Union and the Confederacy. This affected the state of Missouri by making it easier for them to support the Union when it finally won the war because they hadn't gotten very involved the conflict. A. underestimation of the stakes involved in the war B. confusion of Missouri with other border states C. oversimplification of the outcome of the war D. misinterpretation of the term border state

B. confusion of Missouri with other border states Missouri as a border state did not secede from the Union during the Civil War, but the population was badly divided, with some Missourians fighting for the Union while others fought for the Confederacy. **The student confuses a situation of divided and highly contested loyalties for one of the neutrality.** Missourians contributed substantially to the armed forces of both the Union and the Confederacy, and Missouri was the site of more armed engagements than almost any other state.

A second-grade teacher plans to introduce students to he economic concepts of goods and services. Which of the following instructional strategies would likely be most effective in supporting the teacher's goal? A. presenting students with cards of 'wants and 'haves' and prompting them to trade with one another until their wants are matching their haves B. creating a marketplace in which students sell tangible items on some days and provide consumers with some form of assistance on other days C. having students use play money to decide which items they will choose to purchase among multiple possibilities D. having students bring a toy from home and exchange it for an arts and crafts product made in school

B. creating a marketplace in which students sell tangible items on some days and provide consumers with some form of assistance on other days. Good and services are both valuable products produced and exchanged in an economic system. The distinction is that goods are physical, tangible terms, while services are valuable work done by a producer for the benefit of a consumer.

What skills help you take a word and identify each individual sound in the word? A. encoding B. decoding C. envision D. description

B. decoding Decoding means to take apart words so that the individual sounds in words can be identified

Which term refers to words that have a pleasing sound? A. an isobaric rhyme B. euphony C. cacophony D. stressed/unstressed D. assonance

B. euphony

Which of these things is not a thing self-editing checks for? A. subject-verb agreement B. lack of repetition C. Homonyms D. Misplaced modifiers E. Awkward sentences

B. lack of repititon

A third-grade teacher is explaining economic resources to students. Which of the following examples would be appropriate for the teacher to use to illustrate capital resources? A labor B machinery C fuel D. profit

B. machinery Economic resources are the human, natural and manmade physical resources used to produce goods and services. The manmade physical resources are called capital resources and include *tools, machinery, and other equipment!

While reading aloud a picture book to the class, a first-grade teacher would like to promote students' developing ability to use self-monitoring to support text comprehension. Which of the following instructional strategies would be most effective for the teacher to use for this purpose? A. using sticky notes to mark passages during reading and then modeling writing a personal response to the story based on the passages B. pausing at transitional moments in the story to think aloud about what has happened so far, and rereading aloud to check understanding C. stopping frequently during reading to ask students a range of questions about the story and illustrations D. modeling skimming the pictures and text before reading and making predictions about what might happen in the story

B. pausing at transitional moments in the story to think aloud about what has happened so far, and rereading aloud to check understanding.

What is phonological awareness? A. the ability to identify letters B. the ability to hear and understand that words are made up of different sounds C. the ability to read and write D. the ability to identify which letters go with specific sounds

B. the ability to hear and understand that words are made up of different sounds The basis for all literacy skills. To read and write, children to be able to understand that speech is made up of different sounds and individual words/sounds.

Reading comprehension requires the ability to quickly retrieve words and phrases and their meanings from... A. the teacher B. the reader's memory C. Another student D. surrounding text

B. the reader's memory

When measuring the complexity of a text, one area to examine is the quantitative measure. A quantitative measure for a text is... A. what the reader can take out of a text in order to make sense of it B.the reading level or score associated with a text C. the number of words on a page divided by the number of pages in the text D. the percentage of students in a grade level who can pass a quiz on the text

B. the reading level or score associated with a text

When providing instruction on how distances between locations are represented on a map, a teacher of early elementary grades should explain which of the following map features? A. the key B. the scale C. the compass rose D. the grid lines of latitude and longitude

B. the scale !!

At what age does emergent literacy occur? A. between 1 year old and kindergarten B. between pre-K and first grade C. between birth and first grade

C.

A student is drafting a research report about the California desert. Which of the following passages from one of the student's sources should the student quote directly rather than summarizing or paraphrasing? A. Before 1940, the tangible evidence of twentieth-century man's passage here consisted of very little--the hard Tracey of travel corridors; the widely scattered, relatively insignificant evidence of mining operation; and the fair expanse of irrigated fields at the desert's periphery. B. In the space of a hundred years or so the wagon roads were paved, railroads were laid down, and canals and high-tension lines were built to bring water and electricity across the desert to Los Angeles from the Colorado River C. The dark mouths of gold, talc, and tin mines yawned from the bony flanks of desert ranges. Dust-encrusted chemical plants stood at work on the lonely edges of the dry lake beds D. And crops of grapes, lettuce, dates, alfalfa, and cotton covered the Coachella and Imperial valleys, north and south of the Salton Sea, and the Palo Verde Valley along the Colorado.

C. When deciding which passages to quote directly, look for passages that convey an author's perspective and tone.*sensory power and emotional impact* Factual details can be summarized, and specialized terminology can be replaced with everyday language.

How does a sentence fragment create confusion for the reader ? A. the fragment will incorrectly split the noun from the verb B. Multiple fragments lead to choppy sentence structure C. A fragment separated from the clause can lose its clarity or meaning D. The subject of the fragment can no longer be easily identified

C. A fragment separated from the clause can lose its clarity or meaning

What is vocabulary acquisition? A. Typing new words B. Creating new words C. Learning new words D. Writing new words

C. Learning new words

Which shows the three major steps in the research process in the correct order? A. selecting a research design, defining the problem, formulating a hypothesis B. formulating a hypothesis, selecting a research design, defining the problem C. defining the problem, formulating a hypothesis, selecting a research design

C. Social scientists should have a reason *problem* that they want to investigate

What is a phoneme? A. meaningful word B. letter of the alphabet C. unit of sound D. a sentence

C. a unit of sound

Types of informative nonfiction A. essay and article B. autobiography and biography C. article and interview

C. article and interview

Which of the following sets of words and phrases would typically appear in a text that features a comparison and contrast structure? A. as a result, consequently, thus B. meanwhile, next, finally C. even though, similarly, but D. for instance, indeed, such as

C. even though, similarly, but

A student reading a passage aloud would need to use syntactic and semantic cues in the text to determine the meaning and correct pronunciation of which of the following words? A. accept B. scene C. project D. inform

C. project, the word project has multiple meanings and two possible pronunciations related to different meanings

A fifth-grade teacher administers an informal reading inventory to assess a student's comprehension and vocabulary. After the student reads the passage silently , the teacher asks questions related to the meaning of vocabulary in the text. The teacher notes that the student's comprehension is good when vocabulary words are familiar but the student struggles when vocabulary words are unfamiliar. Which of the following instructional methods would best address this student's challenges when reading independently? A. having the student write the definitions of the unknown vocabulary words and use each in a sentence B. having the student read a lower-level text passage in which vocabulary words are more previously taught words C. providing the student with mini-lessons on inferring the meaning of unknown vocabulary words from context D. providing the student with opportunities to reread texts that contain the more challenging vocabulary words

C. providing the student with mini-lessons on inferring the meaning of unknown vocabulary words from context. Providing the student with direct instruction in inferring word meanings from context will give the student strategies that can be used while reading independently.

Convergent research has identified which of the following literacy experiences as the largest contributing factor to vocabulary growth in older elementary students? A. systematic and direct instruction in word meanings B. frequent and engaging conversations with skilled adult speakers C. regular independent reading of a wide variety of texts D. explicit instruction in academic language

C. regular independent reading of a wide variety of texts

____ are the choices of language and styles used to make a point. A. Assumptions B. positions C. rhetorical devices D. facts

C. rhetorical devices Rhetorical devices are basically the choice of language and styles used to make a point, and they can range from using metaphors to using logic to persuade an audience.

What techniques can teachers use to teach phonological awareness? A. flashcards with letters and sounds B. printing practice C. singing, clapping, and tapping to identify sounds

C. singing, clapping and tapping to identify sounds

A second grade teacher is planning to use flexible grouping to differentiate reading instruction. When assigning students to small groups, the most important factor for the teacher to consider first would be the student's... A. individual reading interests B. assessed independent reading levels C. specific reading skill needs D. overall classroom reading performance

C. specific reading skill needs

(excerpt) Which of the following elements of the excerpt most clearly exemplifies the genre of the trickster tale? A. the blend of fantasy and reality B. the narrator's omniscient point of view C. the characters' personality traits D. the use of dialogue to convey a lesson

C. the characters' personality traits The literary genre of the trickster tale is distinguished by the personalities of its characters

Phonemic awareness... A. understanding the words can be simple or complex B. understanding how to spell words correctly C. understanding that there are several different sounds in words D. understanding the difference between a sentence and a paragraph

C. understanding that there are several different sounds in words Phonemic awareness is the realization that there are several different sounds in words

Which of the following best defines print awareness? A. the ability to read the words on a page B. the ability to express oneself in writing C. understanding the relationship between written and spoken language D. understanding the relationship between reading and writing

C. understanding the relationship between written and spoken language Print awareness is understanding that what is written can be translated into oral language

Good produced and used to make other goods (buildings computers)

CAPITAL RESOURCES

An upper elementary social studies teacher is planning a series of lessons on the major principles, values, institutions, and practice of constitutional government and citizenship. Which of the following learning experiences would most appropriately come last in the instructional sequence? A. Students will explain the concept of a separation of powers and how and why these powers are distributed, shared, and limited in the United States. B. Students will examine ways that the national government affect the everyday life of people of the United States. C. Students will compare and contrast the different functions of national and state government within the federal system D. Students will defend positions on issues in which fundamental values and principles related to the U.S. Constitution are in conflict.

D. A series of lessons and learning experiences should follow a coherent sequence and be designed to engage students in high-level cognitive activity.

An upper-elementary social studies teacher is planning a series of lessons on the major principles, values, institutions, and practices of constitutional government and citizenship. Which of the following learning experiences would most appropriately come last in the instructional sequence? A. Students will explain the concept of a separation of powers and how and why these powers are distributed, shared, and limited in the United States B. Students will examine ways that the national government affects the everyday lives of people of the United States C. Students will compare and contrast the different functions of national and state government within the federal system. D. Students will defend positions on issues in which fundamental values and principles related to the U.S. Constitution are in conflict.

D. A series of lessons and learning experiences should follow a coherent sequence and be designed to engage students in high-level cognitive activity. (Foundational lessons to identify and explain terms and concepts should precede those that involve integrative applications of knowledge, such as to defend positions on Constitutional policy issues)

A fourth-grade teacher wants to promote students' ability to plan, draft, revise, and edit their writing. Which of the following approaches would best help the teacher achieve this goal? A. displaying samples of individual students writing as examplars B. requiring the student to write for authentic purposes and audiences C. showing videos of the students favorite authors discussing their writing D. modeling strategies for students to use at each step of the writing process

D. Modeling is an effective instructional approach to demonstrate how to use specific strategies to accomplish specific goals.

Fourth-grade students finish reading a literary text together in class. Which of the following text-related questions is most appropriate for the teacher to ask to determine if students comprehended the text at an inferential level? A. How would you have responded if you were the main character? B. Why did the main character take that particular action? C. Where did the main character live at the beginning of the story? D. How do you think the main character was feeling during the event?

D. By asking how the main character was feeling during a particular event, the teacher is promoting students' ability to look at the text beyond the literal level and look for textual evidence to support their answers to the teacher's question regarding the main character's feelings.

A second-grade teacher begins a read-aloud of an informational passage by asking students to think of a good title for the passage while they listen. After reading, the teacher writes down titles the students suggest, and class members discuss which of the titles would be most accurate and informative. This activity most clearly promotes students' development of which of the following listening skills? A. making predictions to support listening comprehension B. listening critically to evaluate supporting evidence C. creating mental images to support listening comprehension D. listening for main ideas and an author's purpose

D. In the activity described, the teacher promotes students' active listening for important ideas and for the utility or function of the passage by asking them in advance to think of a good title while they listen to the teacher read it aloud

Fourth-grade students are conducting research for a project on new technologies. The teacher locates an article relevant to the topic in a local newspaper to share with the class. Which of the following activities would best help the students incorporate information from the article into their research projects? A. discussing the article with a partner and writing a short summary B. using a teacher-provided list of points from the article to aid their work C. reading printed copies of the article independently D. listening to the teacher read the article and model a think-aloud

D. The purpose of a teacher think-aloud is to model for students how skilled readers construct meaning from a text. In a think-aloud, the teacher verbalizes thoughts aloud while reading a selection orally. The verbalization includes a description of what the teacher is doing while reading to self-monitor for comprehension. Listening to the teacher read the article aloud and model a think-aloud about the article's content helps the students understand the article's content and develop their own ability to self-monitor for comprehension.

How many different phonemes are there in the English language? A. 26 B. 24 C. 49 D. 44

D. 44

What is an in-text citation? A. A citation in which every word is an exact quote B. An article that was read but not necessarily used by the writer C. A citation from a primary source only D. A citation utilized in the body of your writing

D. A citation utilized in the body of your writing

What does a derivational morpheme do to a word? A. reminds you of another word B. Changes the tense C. Changes the number of a noun D. Alters the word's part of speech

D. Alters the word's part of speech

Technical texts belong to what type of literature that represents any verse or prose work meant to be instructional? A. Gothic B. Postmodern C. Invective D. Didactic

D. Didactic

A fifth-grade teacher is giving instruction on the etymology of words as a word-learning strategy. The teacher writes the word television on the board and explains that the Greek root tele means "from afar; distant". The students discuss how the meaning of the root tele is reflected in the meaning of the word television. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to use next to extend students' understanding of the meaning of the Greek root tele? A. showing students how to look up the etymology of the Greek root tele in a dictionary B. providing students with a controlled text that contains other words with the Greek root tele C. having students start word logs to list words with the Greek root tele they encounter in reading D. creating a class word web with other words containing the Greek root tele that students know

D. creating a class word web with other words containing the Greek root tele that students know. Word webs are a great resource to use for students who are learning Greek or Latin roots. Students can place a root on their word web sheet and then surround it with other words that contain the same root. This helps students make connections across many dissimilar words until they see the big picture of the root's meaning.

A fifth-grade class has been studying the social and economic development of the United States during the Gilded Age (1870s-1900). The teacher could best help students understand the distinguishing characteristics of this era of U.S. history by guiding them through which of the following sources from the period? A. stylistically innovative short stories and poems by well known authors B. biographical essays about rural families on the Western frontier C. election-year platforms of the Democratic and Republican parties D. journalistic accounts of the practices of large business enterprises

D. journalistic accounts of the practices of large business enterprises The Gilded Age is remembered as a time when growth in the industrial sectors of the economy, particularly in railroads, steel, and the new oil industry, led to many improved consumer goods and services and also to the amassing of large amounts of wealth in the hands of business executives

During a vocabulary lesson, a fifth-grade teacher writes the words portable, unwieldy, and compact on the board, and provides a definition for each of the words. Which of the following steps would be most effective for the teacher to take next to deepen students' knowledge of the words? A. calling on individual students to locate and share dictionary entries for the words B. providing explicit explanations of the etymology and spelling of each word C. guiding students in analyzing the meanings of roots and affixes in the words D. providing examples illustrating appropriate and inappropriate uses for each word

D. providing examples illustrating appropriate and inappropriate uses for each word

A restaurant owner is conducting a survey with the question "Do you think drinking coffee is an essential start to the day?" What type of question is this? A. Timely question B. Open-ended question C. Multiple choice question D. Scaled-response question

D. scaled-response question

The process of identifying words from oral vocabulary when they are presented in print

Decoding

Process of representing words in oral vocabulary using their orthographic representations

Encoding

Provides for the sharing of power between the national and central and state governments

Federalism

How did Truman feel about the Manhattan project?

He learned about it after the death of Roosevelt (first atomic bomb)

Are people who use their skills to produce a good or service (teacher)

Human Resources

Goods from nature and are used in their natural form (trees)

NATURAL RESOURCES

The ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of sentences and words (identifying words that rhyme, segmenting a sentence into words, identifying syllables in a word, blending and segmenting )

Phonological awareness

The principle that government can act only with the consent of the governed

Popular sovereignty

The process of dividing words into morphemes...

Structural analysis

In a market economy, who controls the factors of production? A. the citizens B. the government

THE CITIZENS

What is phonemic awareness?

The ability to identify and manipulative individual sounds in spoken words. The most sophisticated and last to develop

Phonemic awareness

The ability to recognize and manipulate single speech sounds, or phonemes, is a complex type of phonological awareness

Structural analysis

The process of dividing words into morphemes (a word or part of a word that has meaning)

The principles of popular sovereignty, federalism, and checks and balances were all incorporated into the U.S. Constitution primarily to achieve which of the following objectives? a. limiting the powers of government b. making government efficient c. promoting social justice d. minimizing sectional conflict

a. limiting the powers of government

A first grade spelling curriculum includes instruction in word families related to recently taught phonics elements. For example, after explicit phonics instruction in the consonant digraph "ck" spelling instruction includes a focus on words with the phonogram -ack (e.g. back, sack, pack). Coordinating spelling instruction with phonics instruction in this way contributes to the students' growth in reading proficiency primarily by? a. promoting their automatic recognition of complex letter patterns within words b. increasing the number of high frequency words in the students' reading vocabulary c. promoting their use of structural analysis as a decoding strategy d. increasing the students' word consciousness and interests in learning new words.

a. promoting their automatic recognition of complex letter patterns within words

An elementary student typically reads aloud grade-level passages expressively and at a rate appropriate to support comprehension . In addition to these reading characteristics, which of the following performance indicators would be most important for a teacher to consider when evaluating the student's fluency development? a. the student's accuracy reading words in continuous text b. the student's background knowledge related to the passages c. the student's stamina and level of engagement during reading d. the student's relative skill reading narrative and informational texts

a. the student's accuracy reading words in continuous text

A third-grade student reading independently has difficulty decoding the word reacted. Which of the following decoding strategies would most likely help the student identify the word? a. applying syllabication generalizations to divide the word into pronounceable chunks b. using structural analysis to identify portions of the word that are recognizable c. making an analogy between the word and familiar, similarly spelled words d. applying phonics knowledge and phonemic blending skills to sound out the word

b. using structural analysis to identify portions of the word that are recognizable (B)

Which of the following statements describes an example of the operation of the system of checks and balances in Missouri state gov? a. The Senate censures a member for inapropriate conduct during a committee meeting b. The governor calls out the National guard in a state of emergency c. The House of Representatives initates impeachment proceedings against a state judge

c .The House of Rep initiates impeachment proceedings against a state judge

Which of the following divisions of words is consistent with syllabication generalizations in English? a. di/stant b.prog/ram c.ba/bies d. char/ming

c. ba/bies

When deciding which passages to quote directly, the student should look for passages that convey an authors... a. factual details that can be summarized b. specialized terminology c. perspective and tone

c. perspective and tone.

A sixth-grade teacher would like to plan literacy activities that support student's ongoing fluency development. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for this purpose? a. providing students with regular opportunities to meet in small groups to discuss texts they are reading independently b. including repeated oral reading of short, decodable passages as a regular component of literature study c. planning in-class silent reading of a variety of text types, with student accountability for timely completion and comprehension d. integrating guided practice in decoding grade-level high-frequency words with explicit instruction in vocabulary

c. planning in-class silent reading of a variety of text types, with student accountability for timely completion and comprehension

Gives each branch of government ways to check the power of the other two branches

checks and balances

5 factors of production

labor, capital, entrepreneurs, physical resources, and information resources

Appropriate reading practice for students who have achieved automatic decoding skills is...

silent reading with support for student's engagement