Study Question 5

Part of the working class made Life have positives, what were this?

(1) Period of opportunity, most inventer's started off as workers (working class to wealthy)

(4) New System: CAPITALISM: This was different than the Colonial System Before, the old System had localism but now the new system?

(1)Moves things faster, CREATES NATIONAL MARKET between different places, INTERDEPENDENT between north, south, west, east

C. How did the making of railroads effect society?

(1)The effect of the railroads was to move freight even faster than steamboats and canals -Water limited freight due to flooding, rain , etc... (2) Weather traits were fairly stable **The price of moving cargo becomes cheaper overall

Life also had negatives?

(1)Workers not getting enough pay, working too long and being treated unfairly *First unions formed *Some unions would form strikes

D. (4) **Industrial Revolution*** Industries and Factories 1st change was?

* A shift from caned made goods to machine made goods *Textiles: take raw cotton and transform it into clothes, doing this by machine These Textiles begin in ENGLAND

D. (6) The two inventories of guns were?

**SAMEL COLT: colt 45 **Smith and Wesson: created another type of gun (they had a partnership business

(1) What was the name of the man that reduced the price of Newspapers to a penny?

*Horace Green: he owned one of these newspapers and lived in NYC

1800s-1860's B. Economics Conclusion: (1)The era of affluence and growth was really?

*Modern - there were occasional panics ** it was NORMAL and not the end of the UNITED STATES

D. Communication (1) Start of the "Penny Press" which did what?

*Newspapers cost 1 penny

C. (4) Cornelius Vanderbilt saw success of the railroads after his success with Steamboats and moved his money to the ?

*Railroad Industry -He became very successful

D. (4) This particular Individual works in one of these Textiles, he copies one of these English Machines and does what?

*Samuel Slater - Samuel Slater lives in England Slater will immigrant to the United States, and when he get to the US, he will copy one of these machines **And therefore we get the 1ST TEXTILE MACHINE IN THE US, because of immigration! -Slater was successful and then other American copy his machine ( he made the thread) **His machine was pretty limited, but this lead to a Growth of Textiles in the US

A. Because Railroads were so expensive Stock Markets are created which are located on?

*Wall Street in New York -- Grows by Selling Stock on Railroads

Economic Development 1800 to 1860 A. How was the Population affected in this Era

- Huge Growth: in human population *1800: 5 million *1860:31 million

B. (3) John Deere invents the following invention?

- John Deere invents the Plow, strong enough to break NEW LAND -Has to be light enough to be pulled and pushed manually -After he invents this plow he sets up a factory to produce these plows ** John was a business man, and manufacturer**

C. Transportation (4) Railroads were invented where?

- Railroads are invented in England

(6) The Whigs?

- Supported the bank of the United States: wanted an active role for the bank in the economy -Supported higher tariffs, and the government being actively involved in the economy -supported government being active in transportation changes

A. Finance: How do the people in the era get money?

- They get money by forming partnerships -Railroad business are so expensive they can't be run with just one partnership

D. Communication (3) Photography:

- This was a business that was very expensive and complicated -No consumer camera at the time, camera's and film were very expensive *Only business had camera's

B. (4) The next invention was the Reaper?

- the reaper cut's wheat

D. (4) Following Samuel Slater was Francis Cabot Lowell who perfected the Textile and made it better!:

-Also a textile business man -connected different machines together, to make more than just the thread but FULL CLOTH **Big business man, very successful

B. (4) The most successful reaper that cut wheat was invented by who?

-Cyrus McCormick * what made him so successful was the fact that the reaper was pulled by a mule or a horse and it could cut wheat faster than ever before! Result from this: The farmers will grow more wheat, increase wheat production

B. (2) The Cotton Gin was created by who? and what did it do?

-Eli Whitney * The Cotton Gin took seeds out of cotton

C. (1) What effect did the building of the National Road do?

-Enabled wagons to move from east to west -And so trade starts to increase

C. (3) Cornelius Vanderbilt became more successful than Robert Fulton by?

-Expanding Fulton's Ideas and building an entire fleet of steamboat's -He got the nickname "Commodore" and became super wealthy off of his steamboat business

(2) Steam Power Era:

-FUEL mostly WOOD, some COAL -No electric power and no oil gasoline

D. (4) New England was the center of all these Textile Mills and Factories, where are the people in New England getting there cotton?

-Getting there cotton from the South

D. (6) Guns

-Guns had been previously made by hand which made them very expensive *When factories start making guns, the AMOUNT of guns go up and the PRICE of guns goes down -Result of this: is more people owned guns

(2) What makes Samuel Morse Significant?

-IS the making of the "Morse Code": that is sent on the telegraph ***(communication is sped up just like transportation Both of these things made America LESS LOCALISTIC!)

C. Transportation (3) Next came the Invention of Steamboats Where were they invented? Adjusted and taken in America by a guy named who made the steam engine business successful?

-Invented in England **Robert Fulton: he makes the steam engine bussiness successful -Robert Fulton solved the balance of the size of the boat vs. size of the engine along with the fuel, and the cargo

C. (2) How was the Erie Canal built for boats to use if the boats were not powered with motors?

-It was built with a series of pumps and locks to move the boats up and down elevation because the boats were not powered by motors

(3) An example of a photographer durning this time was?

-Matthew Brady: *Photographer, business man taking photographs of well to do upper class people

C. (3) Steamboats expanded to what two rivers after this, making New Orleans a large trading industry

-Mississippi and Ohio Rivers -Previously boats could not flow on a river that went up, they could only flow downward -With the invention of locks and steamboat, boats were powered upstream and could therefore reach areas that were never reached before. -Steamboats united people together

B. (2) What were the results of the cotton gin being made?

-More farmers grew cotton, in one particular region -This occurred in the DEEP SOUTH * The cotton gin does not replace workers!

B. Agriculture (1) Creation of new farms... WHY?

-Moving West: people are moving passed the Appalachian Mountains towards the mississippi river(they are moving west because the government got rid of the Indians, so the government is selling New land

(a) Why was there such a huge growth?

-Natural Population growth(woman having lots of children) -Immigration: more immigration from Europe *Germans *Irish

(6) The Democrats?

-Oppose the bank of the United States -Wanted lower tariffs Rejected having government involved in transportation changes

D. (7) Clocks and Watches:

-Previously were expensive -Clocks and watches become made by machines and factories making them more widely used, cheaper, and more plentiful

D. (1) New Printing Press called? What are all the new improvement to the Newspaper?

-Rotary Printing Press: Print paper faster than ever before, therefore the price of newspapers declines because it's cheaper to produce them. -Newspaper's carry more AD's than ever before, because stores have more products to sell due to all the new forms of transportation -Newspapers are an economic business

D. (2) Telegraph which was invented by who?

-Samuel Morse

D. (8) Shoes

-Shoe Industry will make a HUGE change -Shoes will now come in differing shoe sizes (left and right foot)

Economic Development 1800-1860's C. Transportation (1) Transportation changed when a new National Road was built by who?

-Specific road, that was build by the national government -The road crossed the Appalachian Mountains went from the east to the west -Wide enough for wagons -Had gravel surface -As it went through the mountains it was gradient, so it was not to step -

C. Transportation (2) Canal's were also built, and this became another means of transportation, they would take you around a bad part in a river. One canal that changed everything was, and who made it?

-The Erie Canal -The man of success that made the canal was, *Dewitt Clinton -Dewitt Clinton: was governor of New York

D. (5) Iron

-The Railroad Industry was the biggest producer of iron -Iron Industry grows with the railroad industry

C. (4) After the railroads are invented in England, what happens wants they reach the US

-Then comes to the United States:Once the US got it, it quickly expanded ** By the 1860's Civil War the US had laid more track than any other nation at the time** -the track that is laid is more so in the North

D. (4) What were the mills and factories powered by?

-Water -not a by steam engines, but water **MIlls were built next to the streams/ rivers where damns often built

C. (2) Keelboats:

-pulled by mules or horses on the roads that are next to the canal( people had not paddles or ores, this is how they moved up and down the canal)

(4)Under this new CAPITALISM, the sizes of the business changed too, compare the colonial system verses the capitalism system

Colonial System: had small business Capitalism: had BIG business(railroads)

(4) Also under Capitalism Restricted Workers changed?

Colonial: restricted, un-free, in debt, indentured servants Capitalism: NO MORE INDENTURED SERVANTS(illegal)

(5) Different set of values the Colonial values vs. Capitalism?

Colonial: there was deference, showing obedience to someone above you Capitalism: competition, ambition, individualism, try to make something of yourself, obedient only to those who can help you move up

(6) Role of the Government in the Economy was?

Debate: * Between the Whigs vs. Democrats

(1) Lamps also played a roll in all the in advances and prices of newspaper?

Lamps: that were used at this time were lit using whale oil, to be able to read things at night people used these lamps **Communication business is connected to the whaling business, americans would go out and kill 80% of the whales just to get this oil for the lamps

(4) Why were indentured Servants non-exsistent now under Capitalism?

Reason: "Free Labor" which meant that workers could be free to quit - a worker can move to a job they like, and be more productive

(3) Emergence of a working class

Working in shops, stores, factories