Subtopic Endocrine System

Which catecholamine receptor is responsible for increased heart rate? 1 Beta1 receptor 2 Beta2 receptor 3 Alpha1 receptor 4 Alpha2 receptor

1 Beta1 receptor Beta1 receptors are responsible for increased heart rate. Beta2 receptors, alpha1 receptors, and alpha2 receptors are not present in the heart; therefore, they are not responsible for increasing the heart rate. Beta2 receptors are present in such organs as blood vessels, kidneys, bronchioles, and bladder. Alpha receptors are present in such organs as eyes, skin, and liver.

What is the most probable cause for Conn's syndrome in an adult client? 1 Genetic cause 2 Adrenal adenoma 3 High level of angiotensin II 4 Elevated level of plasma rennin

2 Adrenal adenoma Conn's syndrome is primary hyperaldosteronism. Excessive secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands due to an adrenal adenoma results in Conn's syndrome. Certain types of hyperaldosteronism that are diagnosed in childhood have genetic causes. High levels of angiotensin II that are stimulated by high levels of plasma rennin are a cause for secondary hyperaldosteronism.

Which clinical manifestation occurs in a client with vasopressin deficiency? 1 Impotence 2 Hypotension 3 Amenorrhea 4 Decreased libido

2 Hypotension Vasopressin regulates fluid level and blood pressure. A vasopressin deficiency causes hypotension. Impotence, amenorrhea, and decreased libido in both men and women are clinical manifestations of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone deficiencies.

Which hormone overproduction is associated with carpel tunnel syndrome in clients? 1 Growth hormone 2 Antidiuretic hormone 3 Parathyroid hormone 4 Aldosterone hormone

1 Growth hormone Overproduction of growth hormone is associated with carpel tunnel syndrome. Overproduction of aldosterone hormone is associated with Conn's syndrome. Antidiuretic hormone overproduction can result in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Overproduction of parathyroid hormone results in hyperparathyroidism.

A client is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, and surgery is scheduled because the client refuses ablation therapy. While awaiting the surgical date, what instruction should the nurse teach the client? 1 Consciously attempt to calm down. 2 Eliminate coffee, tea, and cola from the diet. 3 Keep the home warm, and use an extra blanket at night. 4 Schedule activities during the day to overcome lethargy.

2 Eliminate coffee, tea, and cola from the diet. Coffee, tea, and cola contain caffeine, which may increase thyroid activity. Hyperactivity is a physiological response; it is not under conscious control. The increased metabolic rate associated with hyperthyroidism will make the client feel warm; a cool environment is needed. Hyperactivity is a problem, and the client should be encouraged to rest.

Which clinical manifestation is found in a client with a deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone? 1 Anovulation 2 Dehydration 3 Malaise and lethargy 4 Menstrual abnormalities

3 Malaise and lethargy Malaise is a general feeling of discomfort or illness and lethargy is a lack of energy. A client with deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone may experience malaise and lethargy. Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency is not associated with anovulation, dehydration, and menstrual abnormalities. Anovulation (ovaries do not release an oocyte during the menstrual cycle) occurs due to deficiency of gonadotropins. Dehydration is a result of deficiency of antidiuretic hormone. The deficiency of thyroid-stimulating hormone may result in menstrual abnormalities.

A client with type 1 diabetes is transported via ambulance to the emergency department of the hospital. The client has dry, hot, flushed skin and a fruity odor to the breath and is having Kussmaul respirations. Which complication does the nurse suspect that the client is experiencing? 1 Ketoacidosis 2 Somogyi phenomenon 3 Hypoglycemic reaction 4 Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma

1 Ketoacidosis Ketoacidosis occurs when insulin is lacking and carbohydrates cannot be used for energy; this increases the breakdown of protein and fat, causing deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul respirations), decreased alertness, decreased circulatory volume, metabolic acidosis, and an acetone breath. The Somogyi phenomenon is a rebound hyperglycemia induced by severe hypoglycemia; there are not enough data to determine whether this occurred. Hypoglycemia is manifested by cool, moist skin, not hot, dry skin; Kussmaul respirations do not occur with hypoglycemia. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma usually occurs in clients with type 2 diabetes because available insulin prevents the breakdown of fat.

Which hormone regulates blood levels of calcium? 1 Parathormone 2 Luteinizing hormone 3 Thyroid stimulating hormone 4 Adrenocorticotropic hormone

1 Parathormone Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone, regulates the blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the production of sex hormones, promotes the growth of reproductive organs, and also stimulates reproductive processes. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the release of thyroid hormones and the growth and functioning of the thyroid gland. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) promotes the growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates the release of corticosteroids.

A 24-hour urine test is prescribed for a client who has a tentative diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. What should the nurse do first? 1 Start the time of the test after discarding the first voiding. 2 Discard the last voiding in the 24-hour time period for the test. 3 Insert a urinary retention catheter to promote the collection of urine. 4 Strain the urine following each voiding before adding the urine to the container.

1 Start the time of the test after discarding the first voiding. The first voiding is discarded because that urine was in the bladder before the test began and should not be included. The last voiding should be placed in the specimen container because the urine was produced during the 24-hour time frame of the test. Discarding the last void in the 24-hour time period for the test is not necessary; voided specimens are acceptable. Straining the urine following each voiding before adding the urine to the container is not necessary; this is done for clients with renal calculi.

The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with diabetes about the importance of glucose monitoring. Which blood glucose levels should the nurse identify as hypoglycemia? 1) 68 mg/dL (3.8 mmol/L) 2) 78 mg/dL (4.3 mmol/L) 3) 88 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) 4) 98 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L)

1) 68 mg/dL (3.8 mmol/L) Normal blood glucose level for an adult is 72-108 mg/dL (4-6 mmol/L). Clients who have blood glucose levels below 72 mg/dL (4 mmol/L) may experience hypoglycemia; 78 mg/dL (4.3 mmol/L), 88 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L), and 98 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L) are normal blood glucose levels.

While obtaining the client's health history, which factor does the nurse identify that predisposes the client to type 2 diabetes? 1 Having diabetes insipidus 2 Eating low-cholesterol foods 3 Being 20 pounds (9 kilograms) overweight 4 Drinking a daily alcoholic beverage

3 Being 20 pounds (9 kilograms) overweight Excessive body weight is a known predisposing factor to type 2 diabetes; the exact relationship is unknown. Diabetes insipidus is caused by too little antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and has no relationship to type 2 diabetes. High-cholesterol diets and atherosclerotic heart disease are associated with type 2 diabetes. Alcohol intake is not known to predispose a person to type 2 diabetes.

The client's pituitary gland must be removed. Which surgery will the client undergo? 1 Mastectomy 2 Prostatectomy 3 Thyroidectomy 4 Hypophysectomy

4 Hypophysectomy A hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the pituitary gland or its tumor. A mastectomy is the surgical removal of breast tissue. A prostatectomy is the surgical removal of the prostate gland. A thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of the thyroid gland.