Sudden Death in Athletics

Sickle cells

"stiff and Sticky," can logjam blood vessels Choke off blood (schemia) to muscles

Sickle Cell Trait - During strenuous exertion, some RBCs sickle from:

-Low blood oxygen level (hypoxemia), - Increased muscle heat (hyperthermia), - Metabolic acidosis (lactic acidosis), - Dehydration of RBCs (concentrates Hgb S). Result: Rapid muscle breakdown, "explosive rhadomyolysis.

Whats the death rate of Cardiac death

1 in 17,696 African American S-A 1 in 58,653 Caucasian S-A Males: 1 in 33,134 Females: 1 in 76,646

What sports are typically involved in sudden Cardiac death

1> Basketball: 1 in 11, 394 1 in 3,000 NCAA- Division 1 males - 2. Swimming Lacrosse Football Cross country/track.

What percent of deaths is from sickle cell

2% sickle cell trait

Vertebral column

4 Curves 7 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar Sacral: fused

Pronator drift

Another sign of concussion slipping down medially

Common Causes of Sudden Death in Sport

Astma,Diabetes, spine injury, heatstroke, Head down contact, Cardiac arrest, Lightning, Hypohathemia low sodium in blood.

Kinesthetic Awareness

Aware of your bodies movements in space when we are we locate the injury.

Commotio Cordis

Blunt blow to the chest causing sudden cardiac death

Bursitis

Can be accute or tramic Ex: elbows and knees looking like a golf ball is being placed in them. example of a swelling bursa helpls lubricate knees and elbows from getting inflamed.

Exertional rhabdomyolysis

Can occur with intense exercise even if no SCT

Fractures & Dislocations

Cervical dislocations* more Common than fractures C 4 - 6 most common Axial loading or violent flexion and rotation Spearing in Football Ex: could also be from forces hyperextension.

During strenuous exertion, some RBCs sickle from: (concentrates Hgb S)

Dehydration of RBCs

Sudden Cardiac death prevention strategies

Detailed personal medical history*, Detailed family history*, Thorough physical exam before sport participation* Further testing if warranted* AEDs @ high risk sport venues

HCM

Disease that causes enlargement of the left ventricle

Retrograde memory loss

Do they remember things that happen before the concussion

Exertional Sickling

E.S. Typically occurs within the first half hour - hour of practice or after bouts of intense drills

What are some facts about Exertional sickling

Exertional muscle cramps typically have early muscle "twinges" before cramping Exertional muscle craps more excruciation and localized muscles visibly contracted and rock hard; muscles "lock up" Sickling strong but generalized Athlete may slup to the ground; may lie still; don't typically yell in pain; muscles appear normal May be able to "push through" before unable to continue

Nystagmus

Eye not gliding & tracking smoothly sign of a concussion or head injury

Epidermal Hematom

Fast and one can die fast

Tendinapathy

General term for tendon injuries long term form tendon injuries like Achilles tendon

What is Exertional Rhabdomyolysis

High intensity activity without enough recovery time Muscle begins breaking down and entering the bloodstream Kidneys cant filter appropriately Leads to kidney failure Ultimately may lead to death

What it low sodium in blood called?

Hypohathemia and it can cause sudden death in sports

During strenuous exertion, some RBCs sickle from: (hyperthermia)

Increased muscle heat

Arthritis

Inflamation of joints hyaline cartilage starts to wear away & degenerate as one gets older

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) INTRINSIC - EXTRINSIC

Intrinsic(genetic) - consider the other genetic possibilities degenerations. Extrinsic (lifestyle factors) did one take drugs or any other substances to contribute to CTE.

Proprioception sense

Know where your body is in space.

Cardia sudden death

Leading medical cause of death in NCAA athletes "1 in 40,000 per year Represents 75% of all sudden death that occur during exercise training or competition

During strenuous exertion, some RBCs sickle from: (hypoxemia)

Low blood oxygen level

During strenuous exertion, some RBCs sickle from: lactic acidosis)

Metabolic acidosis

Signs & Symptoms of Exertional Sickling

Muscle craping (typically leg or lower back) Pain (debilitating LBP) Swelling weakness Tenderness Inability to catch ones breath Fatigue **May come on suddenly More like overall weakness or pain you wont see physical

Facture / Dislocation

Sign & Sypmptoms Athlete felt or heard a pop/ snap Local pain/ spasm Difficulty in swallowing Deformity Burning, numbness, or tingling Weakness in grip / and or dorsi-flexion Absense of sensation or motor function Head may be tilted towar dislocated side with elongated side and relaxed muscles on titled side. Loss of bladder/bowel control

What are some Sickle Cell trait & Rhado Precautions

Slow the tempo; longer rest Modify during heat altitude Emphasize hydration Provide alternative performance test

TBI

Traumatic brain Injuries.

Commotio Cordis Survival rate

Very low survival rate even with AED shock machine its when your ventricles fibrilation the ventricles get out of the rhythm and they spasms and AED cant keep up rhythm so the survival rate is low.

Kinesthetic awareness

aware of your bodies movements in space when we are locating injury

Tendinosis

breakdown of tendon of the cellular level. very difficult to heal.

Subdural Hematoma

is a slow bleed which might be why you slowly see symptoms

2005-2010:

more deaths related to heat illness and sickle cell trait than any 5 year period on record.

Timitus

ringing the ears symptoms of a concussion

AThletes with sickle cell trait should never work out when they are

sick -Athletes with SCT should be encourage to encourage to report ANY S/S -Set the tone as the coach

Post traumatic momory loss

since the concussion

Romburg test

test you use to asses concussions

Exertinal sickling only happens to someone who has

the sickle cell trait