Supervision of Police Personnel

The negotiator should adopt the position that he or she does not have _____________________ to make final agreements with the suspect but must clear with higher authority.

AUTHORITY.

Supervisors should _________________ suggesting that the building is safe for occupancy.

AVOID.

What are the types of supervisors at Staff Meetings?

Absolute dictators - telling subordinates what they have been doing wrong and seldom what they have done right. Benevolent dictators - discuss, the subordinates listen, often only to their philosophy. Responsibility dodgers - do not dictate, but they do not lead either. Democratic leaders - share problems with subordinates; also share their decision-making power by encouraging suggestions and initiative.

More stats

According to the IACP, 96.4% surveyed law enforcement agencies use social media in some way. 83.4% of law enforcement agencies use social media for community engagement. The department should be "branding" itself (defining who they are and what they represent).

What is the Representative Employee Standard method?

Accuracy may be improved when the rater compares each employee with others who have been selected as having the greatest value, those in the middle group having average value, and those with the least value. Raters are thus able to rank employees by comparing them with other representative employees whom they have selected through personal knowledge as having the greatest, average, or least value to the organization. Accuracy can be increased if additional employees are selected whom are in the intermediate groups. These groups may include above average and below average.

When a penalty is to be imposed, it should be _________________________________ to have the greatest effect.

Administered PROMPTLY.

Ordinarily, the courts will permit far greater latitude in the collection and admissibility of evidence in _____________________________________ than in criminal cases.

Administrative Proceedings.

According to the American Council for Drug Education, _____________________ is without question the most serious drug problem in the country.

Alcohol Dependence. It has increased the last 50 years, with the largest percentage concentrated among males between 31-34. 1 in 4 officer may have a problem with alcohol.

What is the Inferiority Complex?

Alfred Adler describes it as the psychological feeling of inadequacy and applied this concept as a partial explanation of some of the problems of the emotional human animal. He believed that persons have a drive for superiority. If one's self-confidence is not restored, it can lead to overcompensation due to their strong feelings of inferiority.

United States v. Cortez

Allows stops for reasonable suspicion in order to allow officers to explore the foundations of their suspicions.

Supervisors should be aware that drug and alcohol addiction is covered under _________________________

American with Disabilities Act (ADA). The ADA doesn't stop the supervisor from acting on performance concerns. It does, however, grant confidential status to diagnosis, treatment, and record keeping.

What is a forum?

An instructional technique involving a presentation by specialists with audience participation permitted is called a FORUM. When the discussion is within a group of specialists without audience participation, the technique is referred to as a PANEL DISCUSSION and a modification of this procedure is to permit the audience to ask questions of the panel.

What is an interview?

An interview is an exchange of views and ideas between two or more persons. Its primary purpose is to obtain or impart information or influence attitudes or behavior.

What is an Organization?

An organization is a structure through which people work as a group. Whenever two or more persons are associated in doing something, there is some sort of organization.

What is an ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE?

An organizational structure is a mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of symbols, the relationships that exist among individuals, groups, and functions within an organization. Lines of authority/responsibility and functional relationships between groups and individuals are presented graphically.

Florida v. JL

An uncorroborated anonymous tip is NOT SUFFICIENT basis for a Terry Stop and that there is no "firearms" exception to the reasonable suspicion requirement.

What is Andragogy?

Andragogy refers to methods and techniques utilized in adult education. American educator Malcolm Knowles was well known for the use of this term. He describes it as the art and science of adult learning. He proposes 6 assumptions related to learning.

What two emotions are most often transferred from one person to another?

Anger and Hostility.

Who can initiate ICS?

Any properly trained officer may initiate ICS and serve as incident commander until relieved by a supervisor or other higher authoity.

In the interest of good public relations, the complainant should be notified of the disposition once the investigation has completed. Nothing specific, but that the ________________________________ has been taken to prevent a recurrence of the act without indicating the _______________________________.

Appropriate action, specific penalty.

What is Filtering?

As information is passed from individual to individual, usually a distortion or dilution of content occurs, called filtering. If the supervisor shields himself from the unpleasant truth or the subordinates keep the truth from him, it can expose him to even greater liability by forcing him to make value judgements based on partial, inaccurate, or distorted information through the filtering process. This is especially true in the police service where breaching the code of silence is generally looked on by some with disfavor.

Communications can be categorized into what three groups?

Autocratic, Democratic, and Free Rein. Autocratic communications - can be issued with relative ease since concurrence by those affected is not sought. Advantage of speed and well adapted to emergency situations. Disadvantage of arbitrariness, difficulty in general acceptance by workers because not participating. Democratic communications - two way passing of information, easy to understand. Permits the development of ideas and allows subordinates to participate. Info readily passes in both directions. Lack the speed and directness of autocratic. Free Rein communications - provide for a minimum of contacts, leaving subordinates to operate in isolation. Leadership and guidance are often absent, and as a consequence, misunderstandings, misapprehensions, and mistakes flourish.

What is the primary purpose of the police during major fires?

Available personnel should be assigned to the immediate vicinity and to perimeter posts to control vehicular and pedestrian traffic that might interfere with firefighter efforts.

What are the two most destructive means of initiative and industry in an employee?

BOREDOM and MONOTONY. Placement of personnel is very important.

If supervisors rely on recollection alone, their ratings are likely to be what?

Based on broad impressions rather than on specific objective data. Must record data over time.

Why are first-level supervisors so important in the law enforcement profession?

Because of the great need for teamwork. On the supervisors rests most of the responsibility for providing the cohesive force that welds the workforce into a well-functioning, smoothly operating unit.

If the primary focus of negative sanctions for misconduct is on __________________ rather than on ____________________, some personnel may concentrate on avoiding bad behavior rather than doing good.

Behavior control, Training.

Supervision of Police Personnel is considered to be the

Bible of Police Supervision.

Negative vs Positive questions

British psychologist B Muscio found that questions framed in negative terms had a tendency to elicit inaccurate responses, more frequently than positive questions because negatives are somewhat more suggestive and cause a lessening of caution in response and decreased reliability.

Who is at the forefront of professional accreditation and communicating to employees organizational objectives?

CALEA (Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies. They require their members to adopt 38 chapters comprising 480 individual standards.

To be most effective, punishment for even the mildest of infractions must be _____________________

CERTAIN. Certainty is the greatest deterrent to further misbehavior. Deterrence is a function of CERTAINTY, not SEVERITY. The fear that misconduct will certainly be discovered and inevitably punished in one way or another is a powerful deterrent. Fear must be used as a management tool to gain conformity but it should be employed with common sense and not indiscriminately.

What is one of the most valued characteristics of a leader and is the hallmark of true leadership?

COMMON SENSE

What has been shown to yield a 95% success rate in terms of resolving a hostage crisis without fatalities to either hostages or hostage takers?

CONTAINMENT and NEGOTIATION Strategies.

What is the most important function of management?

COORDINATING. The coordination of human effort to ensure unity of action not only between individuals but also between organizational units. The essential activity of coordination can best be accomplished through direct communication and seldom be accomplished by mandate. The degree of coordination achieved in any organization will directly approximate the level of willing COOPERATION between individuals in the various units.

Many courts, including SCOTUS, have determined that a __________________ __________________ is not a search.

Canine Sniff An alert from a properly trained canine constitutes sufficient grounds to determine probable cause for a search. (Florida v. Harris)

Rating reports ___________________ and _________________________ serve as valuable aids to the organization in the maintenance of reasonable performance standards and in the administration of a progressive training placement, promotion, executive development, and salary program based on merit.

Carefully Made and Judiciously Used.

What is one of the most challenging and difficult events for human being to manage?

Change. Change is to alter, to make different, to transform, to replace with another, to switch.

Rating traits and abilities can be grouped into broad categories such as:

Characteristics (traits needed for the job), Ability (adequate performance of the duties of the position), Performance (quality and quantity of work), and Suitability for promotion (acceptable to superior work).

Dale Carnegie made a fortune by teaching people how to get someone to do what they want with the ______________________

Charm School Approach or Democratic Method. Recognize the value of getting things done through the democratic process and see that people will perform better if they were made to want to perform better. But do not let the democratic process degenerate into permissiveness. The ideal is a good blending of strong leadership, good discipline, and palatable human relations.

What are the sources of information that may support reasonable suspicion?

Citizen informers, confidential informants, and anonymous tipsters (whom require the most corroboration). A call to 911 emergency line has been deemed to add a measure of reliability even if it is anonymous due to the 911 system's ability to provide caller information (Prado Naverette v. Cali).

What is the landmark case of City of Canton, Ohio v. Harris (1989)?

City was found liable for failure to train its officers in a critical skill commonly needed in that agency, identification of prisoners requiring medical attention.

Clarity of Expression with written communication

Clarity is more essential in writing because there is no opportunity to clarify misunderstandings like there is with a face to face. Clarity of expression is all-important and if it does not exist, confusion will set in. Ideally, writings should be so explicit that their meanings cannot be misunderstood.

When responding to these mental health and substance abuse disorder situations, what two things are critical?

Collecting Information and Conducting an Initial Assessment

Define Discipline.

Comes from the root word disciple which denotes one who receives instructions from another or who follows devotedly the expressions and actions of a respected leader. It is more accurately a term used in modern administration and management to denote a form of moral or mental training, education, subjection to control and regulation, correction, and finally, chastisement when other, more positive means of corrective action fail.

What adage should supervisors follow?

Commend in public, but criticize in private.

Whether the composite, group, or individual trait rating method is followed, the rating process should be supervised so that the raters will apply a __________________________________________?

Common Standard in their ratings. It will improve their quality. The value of the reports will also be enhanced if they are ACCURATE indicators of ability they purport to measure and if they measure CONSISTENTLY and REASONABLY accurately each time they are used since they will then be statistically valid and reliable instruments!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

What is the number one problem of management and the number one complaint of workers?

Communication difficulties. Without it there can be no coordination of effort and without coordination there can be no constructive organization.

What is Community Policing?

Community Policing calls for a partnership between the police and the local community to solve problems on a neighborhood by neighborhood basis. CP is generally understood to include components of crime prevention by police officers acting as coordinators, working with community groups to identify priorities and strategies, and mobilizing all community resources. Requires more decision-making authority be given to officers at the level where the work is being done. In CP, supervisors must have the characteristics of a good PROBLEM-ORIENTED SUPERVISOR.

What do Kappeler and Gaines argue is the best philosophy for police departments to address both the threat of terrorist events and the fear that these events can generate?

Community Policing. The decentralization allows for a faster and more efficient response to crisis. A flat organizational structure allows a faster flow of info and communication. It empowers line officers with decision-making authority. More trusted by the community, know their beats, and freed from taking calls so they can pursue leads or investigate suspicious activity.

Public employees have always been liable for their own negligent or wrongful acts and have been liable for COMPENSATORY as well as EXEMPLARY damages. What are these?

Compensatory damage - damages resulting from actual loss of wages, medical expenses, or pain and suffering. Exemplary damage (punitive) - damages awarded by courts to punish the defendant, especially when malice, fraud, corruption, or connivance was involved.

Florida v. Jardines

Conducting a canine sniff of a residence or its curtilage qualifies as a search that is protected by the 4th Amendment.

What can be among one of the most difficult and uncomfortable responsibilities of any supervisor?

Conflict Resolution and Management. Identifying, acknowledging, and acting upon instances of unhealthy conflict are the essential steps needed.

Internal Barriers.

Conflicts in motives existing within individuals. Often brought about by failure of the persons to make adjustments to the environment. Individuals desiring a new and better assignment are often torn by internal conflicts that arise because they fear the added responsibility of the new position.

Rating reports, properly prepared, cannot be equaled when used as a basis for _______________________________________________.

Constructive Employee Counseling. They provide an excellent means of establishing production and accomplishment standards within the organizational unit and may be effectively used to support disciplinary actions and reveal training needs. Also, help to weed out personnel unfit for the job and thus avoid liability arising from Negligent Retention.

What is the essence of Coordination?

Cooperative effort.

The right to consultation prior to questioning delays the proceedings and implies a right to counsel during the questioning. Unless required, _______________ should not generally be permitted during this stage of the inquiry.

Counsel. Numerous cases in federal courts have held that employees have no right to legal representation during such interviews. Employees could be forced to answer questions concerning performance of their duty. However, if the questioning focuses on matters officers themselves reasonably fear are likely to result in punitive actions, they would be entitled at their request to a representative of their choice who may be present at all times during the interrogation.

The twenty-first century supervisor will hold ___________ ____________ with those who violate the law and departmental policy,

Counseling Sessions May need to initiate appropriate disciplinary action. The objective of the Discipline is to CHANGE THE OFFICER'S BEHAVIOR

Counseling refers to what?

Counseling relates to the supervisory practice of actively listening and responding to employee's complaints, grievances, and problems.

Generally, courts have ruled what in terms of employees being terminated for acts while at work?

Courts have ruled that employees cannot be penalized unless it can be proved that their conduct was related to their performance of duty AND that it impaired their efficiency, seriously interfered with the operational efficiency of the organization, or interfered with the maintenance of good order within the organization, or common knowledge that the conduct was prohibited.

Importance of Procedural Due Process Rights.

Courts will revers on appeal, and the employer may be civilly liable if employees are arbitrarily deprived of any such rights. Morrissey describes the minimum requirements of these rights as: 1) written notice of the specific charges 2) disclosure of evidence against them 3) opportunity to be heard in person, present witnesses and evidence. 4) right to confront and cross-examine 5) hearing before a neutral and detached body. 6) written statement by this body as to the evidence relied on and the reasons for their actions.

Grievances provide _______________________ to the astute supervisor?

Critical Feedback.

Communication involves what 3 factors?

Cultural, Environmental, and Psychological factors.

Which phase of PODSCORB consumes much of the supervisor's time?

DIRECTING. It embodies the decision making process. Not to drive but to lead, direct, and control personnel. Whenever possible use positive methods for proper performance rather than the negative method of penalizing for improper performance. A follow-up or control system is a must.

Grenades and projectiles that expel _________________ are preferred to those that dispel __________________.

DUST, GAS by Combustion.

What is the ultimate goal when dealing with behavioral health issue incidents?

De-escalation. The safety of all concerned remains the priority.

Due to the Ferguson Effect, what are researchers calling this type of practice?

De-policing

Tennessee v. Garner

Deadly force is prohibited to prevent escape, unless the arrestee poses a significant threat of sbi or death to an officer or a 3rd party and the use of deadly force is necessary to prevent the escape and effect the arrest.

One of the most frequent functions supervisors are called on to perform is that of ________________

Decision Making. Decisiveness has a stabilizing influence on subordinates. The decision making process involves numerous steps. First, there must be an awareness that a real problem exists. Secondly, facts must be obtained. Opinions of others may be needed as supportive data when subjective decisions are involved. Third, when sufficient data has been collected, they must be evaluated and analyzed (reliability of the source). Fourth, alternative approaches leading to a logical conclusion should be decided upon and probable consequences of each should be weighed. Fifth, a decision must be selected from the alternative solutions. Sixth, the decision must then be communicated to those who must carry it out. Appropriate follow-up should take place afterwards.

Many of the executive functions of PODSCORB are passed on to subordinates through the process of ___________

Delegation

What is Delegation?

Delegation relates to the process of committing an activity to another's care. Supervisors should delegate all possible tasks to the lowest possible level in the organization where the necessary ability to perform them exists, but remember that they are ultimately responsible and accountable for the results. The primary function of the manager is to preside over the process of delegation. The ability of supervisors to perform complex duties efficiently and well depends on how well they are able to delegate.

Example setting....

Departmental codes of conduct are intended to guide moral dilemmas, but in making ethical decisions, supervisors must remember the principles, not just the rules. If you have integrity, nothing else matters. If you don't have integrity, nothing else matters.

Who developed ICS?

Developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), conducted for emergency services across the nation.

In Riley, the US Supreme Court unanimously held that the police generally may not without a warrant search ________________ ___________________ on a cellular phone seized incidental to arrest.

Digital Information. Main differences between digital in Riley and a cigarette case in Chimel was that the digital data can't be construed as officer safety and also it contains more privacy than a physical object.

Generally, _______________________________________ have been proved to be the least effective course of action?

Direct Assault Tactics.

At a critical incident, the field supervisor is responsible for ____________________ and ______________________ their efforts.

Directing and Coordinating.

Supervisors can accomplish the most by ____________________ asking the questions they expect answered.

Directly.

Define Discipline.

Discipline means more than punishment or penalty, it is more nearly, instructing, teaching, and training. Its main purposes are to facilitate coordination of effort, develop self-control and character, and foster orderliness and efficiency.

Perhaps the single ability that best marks good leaders is the ability to maintain a high level of what?

Discipline, Morale, and Espirit de corps.

What three things are of equal importance since they are interdependent?

Discipline, Morale, and Espirit de corps. When these three occur together at a favorable level, efficiency will be in direct proportion. High Morale is usually accompanied by a high level of discipline and espirit de corps.

Stress on the job can turn into what?

Discord at the home, which then, in turn, increases the stress, so a vicious cycle results. The supervisor must recognize family discord almost invariably will results in stress that will bring on reactions that frequently affect an individual's performance. When a marital conflict involving subordinates has become critical and supervisors' help is sought, they should confine their participation to listening to enough details to indicate whether outside professional help is needed.

What is the purpose of a Terry Frisk?

Discovering a weapon or dispelling the officer's fear that the suspect is armed.

How can plaintiffs in civil action suits against police officers ordinarily obtain information regarding an officer's course of conduct?

Discovery Proceedings.

Perhaps one of the greatest uses to which personnel evaluations can be put is their _____________________-?

Discussion with the person rated. The interview with the employee calls for a degree of TACT and FORTHRIGHTNESS if it is to have maximum effect.

Officers learn best by _______

Doing.

Federal Law prohibits anyone convicted of what from possessing firearms?

Domestic Violence

United States v. Watson

Don't need a warrant to make an arrest. A felony or misdemeanor in the officer's presence. Probable cause needs to have been made before the officer's stop not retroactively.

Prior to meeting with the media, you want to be as prepared as possible, and should follow what technique developed by the FBI?

Double Nickel Technique States that you should write down the 5 questions you hope the reporter will ask and the 5 questions you hope will NOT be asked. Write short answers to all 10.

Whom is the book dedicated to?

Dr. Jeff Bernstein's father, Bert Bernstein, and mother, Bea Bernstein; whom both worked for the Miami Beach Police Dept.

Who is the No. 1 authority on police promotional exam preparation in the country?

Dr. Jeff Bernstein.

What basic drives to people have that motivate their behavior?

Drives, Satisfactions, and Needs. People have certain satisfactions that need fulfillment and psychological needs that in large part govern their demeanor.

Chapman v. US

During a lawful tenancy, a landlord cannot give a valid consent to enter or search the tenant's residence.

Stoner v. California

During paid occupancy, a hotel manager cannot give valid consent to enter or search the guest's room.

What are the main objectives of the different types of interviews?

During the INFORMAL INTERVIEW it is the general gathering of intelligence or information to determine the level of morale or group responses to organizational objectives. The EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW's objective is the evaluation of those abstract traits in a prospective employee that may qualify a person for employment or promotion or that may constitute cause for rejection. The PROGRESS INTERVIEW is primarily directed toward giving the employee some insight about performance and progress on the job. If the employee has a GRIEVANCE, the nature of the interview will take the approach of one primarily of listening to learn the truth rather than the ostensible reason for the grievance.

What type of model does the Philadelphia PD use when dealing with mental health and substance abuse incidents?

EAR Model. Engage, Assess, Resolve Change from cop mode to social worker mode Distinguish between a person in CRISIS from a CRIMINAL

Knoxville, Kentucky PD added a 6th disposition of internal affairs investigations....

EXONERATED --- POLICY FAILURE. The allegation is true but that the employee's actions were consistent with departmental policy.

What are EAPs?

Employee Assistance Programs, which provide services like diagnosis, treatment, and referral.

What are the different Ranking Standards?

Employee Ranking, Representative Employee Standard, Ideal Employee Standard, Numerical Standard, and Forced-Choice Standard.

In recent years, Union agreements and the courts have reduced the prerogatives of the employer to hire and fire according to relative _______________________ rather than _________________________

Employee worth, rather than seniority.

Facts about Rule Enforcement in policing agencies:

Employees often oppose the MANNER in which organizational rules are enforced more than the rules themselves. The most frequently cited reason for opposition is the INCONSISTENCY of supervisors in enforcing the organization's rules.

The burden is on the __________________________ in such cases to show that the conduct involved substantially affected or interfered with the officer's job.

Employer (agency)

Transformational leaders empower their employees and motivate them. What is Empowerment?

Empowerment is broader than supervising or delegating. It is more concerned about the overall culture of an organization. It pushes decision making down to the lowest level and letting employees manage themselves.

United States v. Wade

Even after a suspect has been formally charged, the suspect has no right to refuse to participate in a fairly conducted identification procedure, and the suspect's lawyer has no right other than to be present as an observer.

Supervisors must

Every supervisor worthy of the name must learn how to control subordinates properly. Must make proper follow-ups to determine that rules and regulations have been followed and orders properly executed. When necessary, must take disciplinary actions, either Positively through the PROCESS of TRAINING or Negatively through PUNITIVE ACTIONS.

Davis v Mississippi

Extensive intrusions on individual privacy such as transportation to the headquarters for interrogation and fingerprinted were invalidated in the absence of Probable Cause.

What are the barriers blocking goals?

External and Internal barriers. Physical obstacles, human impediments, and situational factors are some of the External Barriers. Emotional conflicts involve Internal Barriers.

Who developed a model negotiation strategy?

FBI hostage negotiation unit The strategy is called BEHAVIORAL CHANGE STAIRWAY MODEL. It states that when you actively listen, show empathy, and build rapport, you have a much better chance of influencing another's behavior to the change you want.

If employees demand nothing else, they will insist on what?

Fair and Impartial treatment from their superiors.

What is at the heart of procedural due process?

Fair play and Justice.

Importance of Feedback

Feedback is perhaps the most important of the supervisor's tools in learning if he is communicating well. It involves simply the process of learning what the listener's verbal and nonverbal responses are by observing, inspecting, and questioning whether understanding is taking place.

The ________________ __________________ effectiveness in directing control efforts during the period immediately following a disaster will have a vital bearing on the success of the entire police operation.

Field Supervisor's

During the critical initial period of a civil disorder when units first respond to the scene, the _____________________ ___________________ bears the brunt of of the responsibility for directing their activities.

Field Supervisor.

Who has the responsibility for collating and assessing facts and for implementing the first course of action?

Field Supervisor.

Basic Operational Procedures

Field intelligence must be collected and transmitted to the headquarters. A command post must be established, perimeter control must be initiated, reconnaissance units should be deployed, available support personnel assigned, and a disaster control plan put into operation. Routine notifications and logistical matters should be assigned to an aide so that supervisors may be relieved from the responsibility of handling details, which will enable them to concentrate on Establishing Control Plans, Making Decisions, and Directing the Activities of control personnel.

Radiological Attack

First responders should call local hospitals to see if additional casualties with similar symptoms have been observed. Signs include: radiological symbols, heat emitting material, glowing material, etc. Immediate identification of a radiological attack is difficult because it cant be detected by the senses, and symptoms of radiological exposure may not be present for hours or days.

Case preparation for more serious offenses includes what?

First, the exact nature of the incident must be ascertained. Second, an inquiry for the purpose of determining the merit of the complaint and the degree of culpability. Third, conclusions must be drawn from the facts. Fourth, corrective action must be administered if appropriate. Fifth, follow up to ascertain the effect of any disciplinary action, especially if it is negative.

The 5 steps of teaching broken down

First, the learners' attention must be focused on the subject and their interest aroused (how teaching begins). Then the information must be conveyed to them; this is the substance of which teaching is made. Major points presented must be reviewed to fix them more strongly in learners' minds. Learners must then be given an opportunity to apply what they have learned. Finally, teachers must appraise their own effectiveness in terms of learners' understanding.

Who is the key figure in any rating system, since their job involves the productivity of the officers under their command?

First-line supervisor; usually a Sergeant.

Leon Alford states...

For best results, the principle of specialization and the law of productivity, require assigning to each worker the fewest possible kinds of tasks or operations in order to improve the quality and increase the quantity of work, thereby giving the highest class of work to suit the workers' natural abilities. Only then is the greatest individual productivity possible.

Advantages to supervisors providing COUNSELING:

For counseling to be effective, the supervisor should have a good working relationship with their subordinates. Can be work related or personal. If the supervisor gets to know their employees as individuals and demonstrate concern for their welfare, the counseling process will be enhanced. The COUNSELING GOAL IS TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE.

Status differences and communication

Found that listeners tend to accept ideas from those who have prestige. Listeners also tend to reject equally good ideas from those who lack prestige. Speakers have prestige when listeners like them, accept them as authorities, defer to their judgment or attach importance to what they say. When a supervisor addresses a subordinate by his or her first name, it often has an exhilarating effect on an officer.

Transferring a problem officer to another shift or assignment is often called what?

Freeway Therapy, Transfer Treatment, or the Wheel.

What is one of the greatest motivational tools, especially when combating the Ferguson Effect?

Frequently praising officers who do good work

Manuals / Orders

GENERAL ORDERS establish policy, the broad rules describing general objectives of the organization. Somewhat permanent declarations, should not be changed frequently. SPECIAL ORDERS are issued to establish procedures or rules and regulations necessary in carrying out policy. Changed occasionally to keep organizational practices consistent with current needs. OPERATION ORDERS are used to describe the procedures to be followed and the goals to be achieved in a particular event. Remain in effect only for the duration of the operation. Usually not consolidated within the manual itself. NOTICES are forms of orders relating to matters of general interest, such as routine notifications and scheduled events.

Understanding the influence of generational experiences on an individual's priorities, preferences, and reactions:

Gen Z: 1995 and 2010. Born within the age technological age, war on terror, and age of multiculturalism. Excellent multitaskers and process information quickly. They seek uniqueness in their lives and are more global in their thinking. Gen Y: 1981 and 1996. Extremely technologically savvy, casual attitude towards employers, expect instant gratification, seek a fun and flexible working style. Good multi-taskers, and achievement and team-oriented. Millennials or the Net Generation. Gen X: 1965 and 1980. Balanced work-life including family time. Mutual respect and open communication. Seeking more and more leadership roles, independent, resourceful, and self-sufficient. Baby Boomers: 1946 and 1964. Strong work ethic, loyal employees, value face to face interaction. Have expressed concerns about Gen Y's decision making and social skills. Traditionalists / Greatest Gen: Born before 1946. Rule followers and computer phobic. Often volunteers in the police dept today.

What has been cited by Haar and Morash as one of the primary sources of stress for female officers?

Gender stereotyping. Their minority status is an additional source of stress for female officers. Of all sworn officers in 2016, 12.1 percent were women.

Define Police Custody.

Generally accepted as ANYTIME THE POLICE DEPRIVE A PERSON OF HIS OR HER FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT IN A SIGNIFICANT WAY.

Frustration is usually associated with _______________________?

Goals.

What is the key to having a successful meeting?

Having a Specific and Defined Purpose Generally accepted that 50% of the time in a meeting is often wasted. Have a meeting agenda and discuss the most important issues first.

Who was the pre-eminent organizational theorist?

Henri Fayol wrote in the nineteenth century, "poor discipline is the result of poor leadership. Good discipline exists when workers and managers respect the rules governing activities in the organization."

What kind of situations presents an excellent opportunity for Coaching?

High-risk Situations Coaching helps officers to perform more Efficiently and Effectively.

A well disciplined department is one that is ____________________________?

Highly trained.

A proper Domestic Violence policy stresses the importance of doing what?

Holding the perpetrator accountable for their actions while addressing the safety needs of the victim.

What is a common reaction to conflict?

Hostility.

Area Searches, it's effectiveness will be directly dependent on how ______________________ and _______________________________

How Systematically it is Conducted and how well it is Coordinated.

What is the focus when dealing with people suffering from mental health and substance abuse disorders?

How to prevent injuries to the subject in distress, the public, as well as the responding officers Assess the situation, slow it down, de-escalate

What is the Incident Command System (ICS)?

ICS is the command and control system for unusual occurrences that require coordinated multiagency or multijurisdictional responses, a modular system capable of expanding or contracting to the appropriate size for any crisis. It presents a common language and is a comprehensive model for all aspects of response to large-scale emergencies.

In what case, did SCOTUS develop the Totality of the Circumstances standard?

ILLINOIS v. GATES Rather than adhere to the two pronged test of Aguilar v. Texas, the Court held that the information provided in a search warrant affidavit should be analyzed with regard to the totality of the circumstances.

US v. Santana

If a suspect commits a felony in a public place, they cannot frustrate an arrest by retreating inside a private residence. The officers have the right to pursue the suspect on foot into and inside a private dwelling and effect the arrest that they had the right to make in a public place. Went on to say that it would be difficult to conceive a minor non-dangerous offense ever giving rise to exigent circumstances the way a felony in progress did in US v. Santana.

What is Reliability?

If it measures consistently and reasonably accurately each time it is used. Based on objective evidence and not subjectivity. Another rater has to be able to use the same evidence and come up with the same rating.

Discipline by example.

If supervisors cannot engage in self-discipline, they will not be able to discipline their subordinates effectively. The most meaningful act of responsibility that leaders can do it to control their own state of mind.

Supervisors will be limited by their procedural approach by rules and regulations of the organization, but their techniques of investigation will ordinarily be limited only by their ______________ and ________________.

Imagination and Ability.

Stress and tensions arising from the work environment can be reduced significantly by __________________________?

Improving supervisory practices. Supervisors will maintain a tolerant, objective, and helpful attitude without retreating to a point of permissiveness. Many frustrations can be prevented if supervisors make efforts to place their subordinates in the assignments for which they are best suited. Supervisors will make every effort to provide a work environment in which employees can satisfy their basic drives in a manner that best fits with organizational objectives.

What was the "third degree?"

In 1931, the Wickersham Commission identified techniques used by the police called the Third Degree, whereby police interrogation sometimes involved threats, intimidation, coercion, and physical violence to obtain confessions.

What is NIMS?

In 2003, President Bush mandated the creation of a National Incident Management System (NIMS) to develop a national response plan that would treat crisis management and consequence management as a single integrated function. NIMS includes and expands on the ICS.

Maryland v. King

In 2013, states may collect and analyze DNA from people after an arrest. While it does constitute a search it was not unreasonable because a suspect's criminal history is a crucial part of his identity.

United States v. Windsor

In 2015, revised the definition of spouse under FMLA to include legal same sex marriages.

What are the areas of greatest concern in terms of the most prominent safety risks for officers as identified by the IACP (Int'l Assn of Chiefs of Police)?

In addition to Unsafe Driving Practices, 1) Poor Fitness 2) Effects of emotional trauma 3) Poor sleeping habits 4) Not using protective gear

Delegating

In delegating routine tasks to subordinates, expert supervisors will give subordinates sufficient authority to match the responsibility they have imposed on their subordinates and will then hold them accountable for the outcome. The final responsibility; however, lies with supervisors because responsibility for a task cannot be shed merely by delegating it to someone else.

What is Functional Organization?

In its purest form is rarely found in present-day organizations except at or near the top level. It violates the prime rule that workers perform best when they have but one supervisor. The functional organization divides responsibility and authority among several specialists. In charge of activities regardless of who performs them. Coordination of effort becomes difficult and discipline is difficult to administer. Lines of authority and responsibility are fragmented and supervisors are responsible to several superiors based on the function they happen to be performing. One format where it does work is the TASK FORCE which addresses a specific problem.

What is Sovereign Immunity?

In many jurisdictions (state, county, and local govt) they have traditionally been immune from civil liability resulting from wrongful acts by their employees. Commonly referred to as the Divine Right of Kings.

What is the Test of Reasonableness?

In the Terry decision... Whether the officer can point to SPECIFIC and ARTICULABLE FACTS, which, taken together with RATIONAL INFERENCES from those facts, would lead a judge or another officer with similar training and experience to believe that criminal activity was taking place, and that both an investigative stop and a frisk were appropriate.

Payton v. New York

In the absence of exigent circumstances or consent, police are not able to arrest a person within their dwelling without obtaining an arrest warrant.

What is a Group Rating?

In the police service, a COMMON practice is to make group ratings of individual employees in a conference of supervisory officers. Some research has shown that use of multiple raters is a safeguard that prevents rater bias. Example, all first-line supervisors who have supervised the officer rated over the rating period rate him by conferring.

Resistance to organizational change must be expected, anticipated, and objectively dealt with. The most common reason why change is resisted by personnel is often due to what?

Inadequate Management of the change itself. You must create opportunities for personnel to vent, discuss, or speak openly about the change to reduce the fear of such change.

The recording of the incident without calling the act to offending employee's attention or otherwise confronting them with it is ____________________________

Indefensible.

What is the best means of staffing departments?

Informal recruiting by members through personal contacts is the best means of staffing departments. It is generally the most effective and consistently productive method to meet staffing needs.

What is the Principle of Recency?

Information acquired last is generally remembered BEST; therfore, frequent reviews and summarization coupled with repetition tend to fix in the mind the matters taught.

When responding to a terrorist incident, the _______________________ ________________ is critical.

Initial Assessment

What is the Ideal Employee Standard?

Instead of using selected employees who are representative of certain groups of personnel with varying values to the organization, Ideal Employee descriptions may be developed to avoid changing the criteria when the selected leave the unit or their performance becomes such that they can no longer be used as a pattern for ratings. Raters are instructed to decide in their own mind the attributes, professional qualities, and performance of the ideal employee performing a similar function to that of the employee to be rated. It is of the upmost importance that all raters apply them uniformly or the system will not yield reliable results.

Define Instructional Goals.

Instructional goals are defines as broad, general statements about what is to be learned.

Building INTEREST and how it plays a role in learning.

Instructors must hold the students' attention, since attention precedes effective learning. The degree of the learners' interest, in turn, depends on the internal motivation they gain from a sense of achievement and the external motivation inspired by the teacher through the use of incentives, such as the spirit of competition or grades.

What is an Interrogation?

Interrogation, unlike interviewing, involves a process of questioning with the investigator usually assuming a dominant role in the relationship. According to Reid, interrogation is an art whereby, through the use of questioning and observation, the truth is elicited from a suspect by sound reasoning and understanding without the use of threats or promises. In an interview, you must often exchange your views with those being interviewed. Interrogators seldom will place themselves in a position of giving information; their job is to obtain much information while imparting little.

Officers may legally search the vehicle under the automobile exception when doing an __________________ and with ____________________ ________________.

Inventory, Valid consent.

Use of teaching aids

Investigation has revealed that the largest portion of a person's knowledge has been gained not through the auditory sense alone but through the use of this sense combined with the others, principally sight. Knowledge is acquired through the senses and stored in a system of symbols. Teaching aids are particularly important in the INTRODUCTION and PRESENTATION steps.

What is Line and Staff Organization?

It is a combination of the line and functional types and is found in almost all but the very smallest police agencies today. Line supervisors must remember that they obtain advice, not command, from the staff specialists. You only have command over those in your particular unit. Failure to recognize these limits is the greatest and most frequent cause of friction in an organization and one of the most prominent barriers to effective coordination.

What is the most significant hurdle to overcome in the whole corrective cycle?

It is bringing them to a realization that they have a problem and need someone to help them resolve it.

What is the Frustration Tolerance?

It is the threshold level at which frustrations have different effects on behavior.

What is the Ranking or Scaling method of rating employees?

It is used in the military and involves the technique of ranking all employees in a particular group according to their relative overall value to the organization. It ranks employees from highest to lowest in the unit or on the basis of most valuable to least valuable. Simple and easy to administer but has the disadvantage of lacking common standards of measurement. Rarely will the supervisors judgements be in accord with the individual opinions of many of those evaluated.

What is the first step in gaining confidence and respect from people?

It is when supervisors EXEMPLIFY BY THEIR PERSONAL CONDUCT which they demand from their subordinates.

What is the greatest danger in association with Regression?

It lessens a person's adequacy to perform the job. It can cause people to develop low frustration tolerance levels and regress to immature behavior. Immaturity replaces growth and problem-solving. Can develop a childlike reliance on their supervisors to make decisions that they should be able to make for themselves.

What should a leader's speech be like?

It should be unaffected, positive, and direct, not uncertain, indecisive, negative, or apologetic.

What is the "empty pockets" doctrine?

It was of the past and made it useless to sue a person with empty pockets. This no longer applies because the treasury of a public agency may now be exposed to civil suit for the wrongful deeds of its employees. If employees abuse the position given to them by the state and deprive others of their constitutional rights, the conduct may be actionable in the state courts, as well as under the Civil Rights Act in federal courts. Also be mindful that a criminal act depriving a person of a constitutional right or a death proximately resulting from police action ultimately might involve action under Section 1983 of the federal Civil Rights Act.

In ________________________________, the results that an informed and qualified person obtains will supposedly be the same as those reached by any other person who has the same qualifications as the rater.

JUDGMENT. Judgment is therefore, as Objective as is measurement when the same information and expertise are used.

What is the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)?

LEOSA is a US Federal Law allowing qualified active and retired law enforcement officers from local and state agencies to carry concealed firearms. Creates Qualified Law Enforcement Officer and Qualified Retired Law Enforcement Officer.

What is often the direct cause of debilitating anxieties, fears, and feelings of insecurity among employees?

Lack of knowledge or understanding. It can be reduced with an opportunity to talk about their feelings in an informal environment.

Allegations are being raised with increasing frequency that the improper use of force by the officer was a proximate result of ________________ to a degree that constitutes GROSS NEGLECT or DELIBERATE INDIFFERENCE of the supervisor and or employee agency.

Lack of training and or supervision.

What is an Democratic / Participatory Leader?

Lead democratically, seeking ideas and suggestions from their subordinates and allowing them to participate in the decision making process. Use little authority and is keenly aware of the human factor. This approach increases the employee's commitment to the goals of the organization. In those emergencies it works poorly, but by and large it secures the best results as leaders, overall.

What is an Free Rein / Laissez Faire Leader?

Leaders who play down their role as such and exercise minimum control, seldom giving subordinates the attention or help they need. Feelings of insecurity develop among workers because they are left without the positive direction and guidance they look for and expect.

Who stated "if you lead people well and help members of your team to become effective leaders, a successful career path is almost guaranteed."

Leadership expert John C. Maxwell.

Define Leadership.

Leadership is the art of influencing, directing, guiding, and controlling others in such a way as to obtain their willing obedience, confidence, respect, and loyal cooperation in the accomplishment of an objective. The human factor that binds a group together and motivates it toward goals.

Summary of the types of Errors:

Leniency - cause appraisals to be inordinately generous. Personal bias - destroy their usefulness as accurate measures of the performance. Central Tendency - when almost all ratings are grouped near the center because of reluctance to go high or low (penalizes the best, rewards the lowest). HALO Effect - reduce rating accuracy as will the Error of Related Traits wherin the rater unconsciously allows one trait to influence another.

What are Common Rating Errors?

Leniency, Personal Bias, Central Tendency, Halo or Horns Effect, Related Traits, Overweighting of Recency, Subjectivity.

What kind of ratings are the easiest course for weaker supervisors who are prone to overrate subordinates?

Liberal ratings. More likely to cause the error of leniency by overrating poor performers. Lenient supervisors who rate all their subordinates alike are covertly disrespected.

Tips for improving command presence:

Look sharp (positive image to the public), Act sharp (carry yourself with professionalism and authority), Be sharp (keep well rested and exercise regularly, importance of first impressions).

All of the leadership skills that a leader can develop can be applied in one way or another to the _____________ of their subordinates.

MOTIVATION. Motivation involves the application of incentives, which encourages a certain positive pattern of behavior and attitude and contributes to the accomplishment of organizational objectives. Employees are stimulated to produce their best results when they are provided with positive incentives that satisfy individual needs. Motivation through the process of inspiration is unquestionably the most difficult yet the most powerful and lasting force in forming attitudes that will induce workers to make fuller use of their potential. Money is vastly overrated and becomes weaker over time as physical human needs are progressively satisfied.

What does 'management' denote in modern administrative terminology?

Management denotes the process of directing, and controlling people and things so that organizational objectives can be accomplished.

The approach of the human relations school toward supervision is an important science of ____________________________

Managing human beings.

What is the pure Lecture Method of teaching?

Many instructors find the lecture method, where it is strictly lecture with no teaching aids, questions and discussions, or teaching supplements are used, the easiest way to present instructional material. The lecture method is quite often the LEAST effective method since it assumes that all members of the class progress at the same rate; it can be used advantageously if the lesson is presented in extremely short sessions, however.

Maryland v. Wilson

May order passengers out of the vehicle. Some states have been more restrictive on the removal of passengers. See your state.

Suspect interviews must be conducted in an ______________________, _______________________, and _________________________ manner.

Measured, Objective, and Ethical manner

What are projected to surpass all physical diseases as a cause of disability worldwide?

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Disorders

Monell v, Dept of Social Services of the City of New York

Monell Liability only existed when the constitutional infringement was the direct result of an OFFICIAL POLICY.

Deliberate violations of established standards of conduct or offenses involving ______________ will usually require a far more severe punishment than offenses resulting from ignorance or carelessness.

Moral Turpitude. Ignorance or carelessness can usually be resolved by application of positive disciplinary measures.

What is Morale?

Morale is a state of mind reflecting the degree to which an individual has confidence in the members of the group and in the organization, believes in its objectives, and desires to accomplish them. Morale is a fluctuating condition.

The most effective supervisors will do what?

Motivate subordinates through a system of positive incentives that tend to satisfy their individual needs.

What is one of the leading causes of line of duty deaths for law enforcement officers in the U.S.?

Motor vehicle related incidents. Supervisors can help ensure safety by ensuring their officers wear seat belts, obey speed limit, laws, and policy, wear reflective vests, aware of dangers of distracted driving.

City of Canton, Ohio v. Harris

Municipalities may be liable for inadequate training of employees but ONLY when the failure to train amounts to DELIBERATE INDIFFERENCE. Must be a deliberate choice on the part of the city.

The preferred procedure, ___________________________, will buy time which operates to the advantage of the police.

NEGOTIATION.

Any scene considered to be a critical incident may be addressed by the _____________________?

NSF Model (now, scene, future).

One general framework for handling unusual occurrences of any kind is the....

NSF Model. Now- give initial orders while heading to the scene, get an assessment from the first responding officers, evaluate the scene for hazards, determine need for additional assistance, etc. Scene - take control and direct the response, set up perimeters, assign responders to handle specific tasks, keep high command advised. Future- conduct debriefings and then evaluate all reports to determine the need for commendations, discipline, training, policy changes, and so on.

Who are the authors?

Nathan Iannone (high ranks of the LAPD), Marvin Iannone (Police Chief of Beverly Hills), and Jeff Bernstein (career officer, det, sgt, and police psychologist).

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) advisors have replaced the color coded alerts of the Homeland Security Advisory System with the ____________________________________________________________

National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS), which provides timely, detailed information to the American Public.

Negotiable Demands, Non-negotiable Demands, and the Gray Area.

Negotiable Demands: food, drinks, cigarettes, and environmental controls such as heat, ac, electricity, plumbing. Non-negotiable Demands: illegal drugs, weapons, release of friends or relatives in prison, or exchange of hostages. Gray area: may depend on the special circumstances and judgment of the negotiating team include alcohol, money, media access, transportation, or freedom.

Can a mechanical structure alone ensure the effective accomplishment of organizational objectives?

No. DIRECTION and CONTROL must be provided so that the necessary coordination of human effort can be achieved.

Noise and redundancy

Noise in communications is referred to by theorists as the static that interferes with the transmission of messages. This static tends to bring on redundancy (repetition of the message) Redundancy is inefficient in that it wastes time in repetition, but it is efficient if it helps to clarify and get the message across better.

The vast majority of complaints against personnel involve what kind of violations?

Noncriminal misconduct only. Most complaints are about attitude, verbal abuse, discourtesy, ethnic slurs, and the like. Furthermore, more than half the complaints received from all sources cannot be supported by investigation or are conclusively found to be without merit. Supervisors must exercise an unusual amount of discretion because their approach will have a vital effect on the morale of the force.

The extent of the supervisors' activities will depend largely on how well they.......

ORGANIZE, SYSTEMATIZE, and DELEGATE.

What is one of the most common faults in presenting instructional material?

OVERSIMPLIFICATION. It leaves the students the task of drawing a conclusion without adequate facts. Inexperienced teachers often fail because they add too much detail in their lesson plan. The students suffer by having been exposed to too much and having learned little, which is called OVERLOADING. Another common weakness is AIMLESSNESS, which results from a failure to plan and organize teaching material properly.

Contrary to belief,

Observations indicate that managers in law enforcement agencies tend to communicate organizational policies and procedures rather well.

Carpenter v. US

Obtaining cell site location information constitutes a search under the 4th requiring a warrant supported by probable cause.

What is a national problem affecting police officer families more than non-police officer families?

Officer Involved Domestic Violence (OIDV)

Pennsylvania v. Mimms

Officer has the legal authority to order the driver to step out of the vehicle or remain inside. The officer may conduct a brief search of the vehicle limited to the areas where a weapon may be found if the officer reasonable suspects that an occupant of a vehicle may be able to gain control of a weapon.

Chimel v. California

Officers arrested a suspect at their home and this case stated that officers cannot search the entire home incidental to arrest without a search warrant. However, officers were permitted to search the area within the immediate reach of the person at the time of the arrest. This area of immediate reach is typically referred to as the GRABBLE AREA.

Survey continued....

Officers in larger departments are FAR MORE LIKELY than those in smaller agencies to say these incidents have had an impact. 54% of officers in departments with fewer than 300 officers say their peers are less willing to stop and question people while 86% of officers in departments with 2,600 officers or more say they are hesitant to question people who look or act suspicious or even use force even when it is appropriate. 9 in 10 officer (87%) in the largest departments say that interactions with blacks are more tense while 61% in small departments agree

Garrity v. New Jersey

Officers may be ordered to give statements and/or write reports under threat of dismissal for refusing to follow such orders. However, under such orders, the statements may not be used against the officer in a criminal trial due to the Miranda rights against self-incrimination. (Garrity rights of officers).

What is Line Organization?

Often called the individual, military, or departmental type is the simplest and perhaps the oldest form. Only encountered in the smallest of organizations. Authority is definite and absolute. It's greatest advantage is that it's simple with quick decisions. Coordination of effort is easy because functional overlapping between units, a prime cause of friction in any organization, can be minimized. One disadvantage is that supervisors are too often required to perform the duties of specialists.

Teaching process

On occasion, can eliminate the introduction. A review is always a valuable aid and should follow the presentation. The application step may not be required because the test may serve two purposes. The introductory step is useful to motivate the students, secure their interest, and focus their attention. The objective of the presentation step is to develop understanding, impart knowledge, prepare the learner. The review step should be used to summarize main points in the presentation. The application step is where the learner is given an opportunity to apply what they have learned. The test step enables the teachers to evaluate their effectiveness in teaching and learners' comprehension of the subject matter.

Talking vs Listening

One learns little by talking but a great deal by listening. Talking is an excellent secondary means of learning. It is the oil that lubricates the process of listening and provides a foundation for it. Rogers and Roethlisberger have observed "the biggest block to personal communications is man's inability to listen intelligently, understandingly, and skillfully to another person.

Ken Blanchard and Spencer Johnson recommend using the __________ praising technique.

One minute. Praise people immediately, and be specific. Tell them how it helps the organization, pause a moment so they can feel it, encourage them to do more, and shake their hand. They also recommend one minute goal-setting and one minute reprimanding. FEEDBACK is the breakfast of champions!!!

Importance of the Separation Interview.

One of the frequent failures of supervisors' human resource management functions that has a long term adverse effect on the organization's image results from the neglect of someone in authority in the employing agency to discuss circumstances surrounding an employee's separation from service. Isolate the real reason for leaving. Conduct in a friendly manner because an unfriendly former employee can do extensive harm. Express gratitude to retiring employees. What other activity could return so much goodwill or ill will, minute for minute?

What is sound organization?

One that directly relates work to be done to objectives to be achieved. Structural changes be made through which work can be distributed and performed.

Face to Face Encounters:

Only on the rarest of occasions would it be advisable to bring the complainant and the accused employee together in a face-to face encounter.

When are Police Officers required to Mirandize?

Only required to Mirandize a suspect if they intend to interrogate that person while they are in custody. The equation is: CUSTODY + INTERROGATION = MIRANDA.

Learning pattern

Ordinarily, from a learning standpoint, it has been found most desirable to teach an operation as a whole in the same sequence that will be followed in practice. Unless it is complex or a lengthy operation where sequential learning may not be practicable.

What is Organization?

Organization is a medium through which work is accomplished by individuals or groups associated with each other in doing something. Involves individual and group relationships welded together through the coordinating activities and leadership of managers.

Crank and Caldero found that _____________________________________ top the list of sources of stress, regardless of an officer's rank, assignment, or area of service.

Organizational Stressors. (lack of admin support, inadequate equipment, and unjust disciplinary system).

Crank and Caldero have identified ______________ as the primary source of stress for police officers?

Organizational practices. No standard measures for handling dissatisfaction and grievances. Each must be approached with common sense and fairness.

Types of questions.

Overhead questions - those directed to the entire group, with the instructor then choosing one student to answer. It is the most common type of question used!! Relay questions - those asked by one student and relayed by the instructor to another member of the group for an answer. Reverse question - one that the instructor "throws back" to the person who asked it.

What is Overloading?

Overloading results from lack of discrimination in separating relevant and irrelevant information.

What is the most common failing of inexperienced supervisors?

Oversupervision. It arises from the failure to delegate tasks! Often called Snoopervision.

What constitutes the most important and costly of all items in the police budget?

PERSONNEL

What does the acronym of PODSCORB represent?

PODSCORB is a good way to help analyze and understand management functions in a structured way. Planning - broad outline, the things and the methods to accomplish the purpose set for the enterprise. Organizing - establishment of the formal structure of authority through which subdivisions are arranged, defined, and coordinated for the defined objective. Staffing - the whole personnel function of bringing in and training the staff and maintaining favorable conditions for work. Directing - continuous task of taking decisions and embodying them / serving as the leader of the enterprise. Coordinating - the ALL-IMPORTANT DUTY of interrelating the various parts of the work. Reporting - keeping those informed; including keeping themselves and the subordinates informed through records, research, and inspection. Budgeting - all that goes in the form of fiscal planning, accounting, and control.

What is PODSCORB?

PODSCORB represents a concept that is designed to call attention to the various functional elements of the work of the chief executive, because words like administration and management have been overused.

Scientific disciplines that have contributed to the science of leadership:

PSYCHOLOGIST has contributed to an understanding of human behavior. SOCIOLOGIST has attempted to explain ethnic cultures and group relationships. The ANTHROPOLOGIST to explain the developmental aspects of society. The PHYSICAL scientist has given law enforcement a vast source of technical data that have contributed to the advancement of scientific criminal investigation.

What is the first step in the process of either changing the behavior or removing the employee from the organization for the good of the service?

PUNISHMENT.

What are needed in order to dealing with the problem drinker?

Patience - to weigh the issue objectively Common Sense - to recognize when immediate resources have been exhausted.

Jumping to conclusions

Perhaps no action of the supervisor will cause more resentment than his failure to allow a subordinate to have his "day in court" before his case is judged.

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommends all complaints be ____________________________________.

Permanently recorded.

South Dakota v. Opperman

Permissible for a police officer to conduct routine INVENTORY SEARCHES of a lawfully impounded motor vehicle. The inventory search also extends to any containers found inside the vehicle at the time of the search.

The groups of rating traits and abilities examples are as follows:

Personal characteristics: honesty, character, attitude, appearance, persistence, imagination, loyalty. Ability: stability, initiative, job knowledge, judgment, common sense. Performance: quality of work, quantity of work, accuracy, attention to duty, perseverance, efficiency, supervision required, ability to resolve complaints, handling of specific job duties, performance under stress, effectiveness. Suitability for promotion: leadership ability, administrative ability, job knowledge, communication skills, interpersonal skills, ability to plan, acceptance of responsibility, ability to organize, decision making ability, command presence, disciplinary function.

Even in those states where the use of a polygraph is legal under all or limited circumstances, court have given only qualified approval of its use in _____________________________________________.

Personnel investigations. If local laws allow, an unwilling officer accused of misconduct can properly be ordered to submit to a polygraph examination by the chief administrative officer. The 5th Amendment does not give employees a constitutional right to their employment. Any reasonable and lawful order to employees is enforceable administratively. However, if they are threatened with the loss of their job if they do not waive their privilege against self-incrimination and answer the question, the coercion makes any of their incriminating answers involuntary and inadmissible in a criminal proceeding.

Terms such as suspect, complainant, or arrestee should be avoided in _____________________________ investigation reports.

Personnel. They must be accused of having a slanted investigation with such terms. Proper names are more descriptive and should be used in lieu of terms that might be considered derogatory.

US v. Ash

Photo lineup aka Photo array and Photo display. Legal counsel being present is not a right. The 6th Amendment does not guarantee right to counsel at photo identifications because the accused is not present and not in danger of being misled.

What gives rise to a large portion of employee dissatisfaction?

Physical factors in the work environment. Also, poor supervisory practices account for a large share of dissatisfaction.

What are External Barriers to reaching one's goals?

Physical things in the environment of the individual such as malfunctioning flashlight, a sticking door, bad brakes. Human barriers may be a nagging spouse or an incompatible partner or supervisor. Situational barriers may consist of unpopular rules or policies, inadequate salaries.

What is arousal?

Physiological responses to everyday stressful situations. They cause subtle physical and emotional reactions that may range from slight to severe, usually depending on the adequacy of training and the experiences in handling similar incidents.

In Field Tactics, what is the Pincer Movement and what is the Flanking Maneuver?

Pincer - crowd is attacked from the front and both flanks (may force it to escape from the rear). Flanking maneuver - crowd is attacked from the front and one flank (force to disperse to the opposite flank. An attack from the front and rear may force to the flanks but may permit hostile units to regroup and attack the police from the rear and create a bottling effect that forces them to fight because no option to leave.

If you have employees ______________________________ what thy understand is expected of them, they cannot later claim as a defense that they misunderstood instructions.

Play back.

Illinois v. Rodriguez

Police may rely on consent given by someone who reasonably appears to have authority over the place to be searched, even if the person does not have Actual Authority to authorize the consent.

What are POLICIES?

Policies are plans consisting of a set of broad principles that guide personnel in the accomplishment of general organizational objectives. They evolve from experiences, customs and traditions, and from legal and social constraints.

________________________________ and _________________ are critical to this phase of the D.V. Policy.

Pre-hire Screening and Investigation

Proper _____________________ for the counseling session is critical!

Preparation. Several shorter sessions may be more desirable and effective than fewer longer sessions.

Best practice if someone other than the _______________ _______________________ in the case shows the photographic lineup to a victim or a witness.

Primary Investigator.

What are the Principles of Learning?

Principle of Readiness, Principle of Effect, Principle of Repetition, Principle of Primacy, Principle of Recency, and Principle of Intensity.

The 4th Amendment, introduced to the Bill of Rights by James Madison, seeks to balance the _____________ interests of individuals against the ______________ ____________ interests of the government.

Privacy, Law Enforcement.

An alert from a properly trained canine constitutes sufficient grounds to determine _____________ ____________ to search.

Probable Cause

What is considered sacred and non-negotiable by virtually all rank-and-file police officers?

Procedural Due Process.

When the anxiety or depression is deep-seated, referral should be made to whom?

Professional help.

What is Qualified Immunity>

Protects law enforcement officials (all public official) from frivolous lawsuits that flow from their necessary official actions. (Harlow v. Fitzgerald). Eliminates the subjective intent at the time and focused exclusively on the actual objective facts. Allows for the dismissal of insubstantial lawsuits without trial.

The first officer on scene of a hostage crisis must begin communications, a kind of _____________________________, until the full crisis team can be mobilized and take over.

Psychological CPR.

A well selected ____________________________________________ can be of great value in maintaining good media relations by collecting information and coordinating current news releases and social media posts.

Public Information Officer.

Although it is not a police responsibility to settle economic disputes between labor and management, it is an obligation of law enforcement to take action when the _________________________ and _______________________ are threatened.

Public peace and Order.

When dealing with the media...

Put together a strong opening statement, prepare the 5 Ws and H ahead and make them bullet points, verify facts, set up designated staging area for media, give the press a 5 - 10 minute warning ahead of time, handle questions afterward.

Katz v. US

REASONABLE EXPECTATION of Privacy and the exclusionary rule, which prohibits evidence obtained in an illegal search and seizure from being used in a court of law.

What is the standard for making an investigative detention?

REASONABLE SUSPICION.

What is the ultimate touchstone of the 4th Amendment?

REASONABLENESS.

One of the biggest problems in performance evaluations is the selection of a rating method that will yield reliable results. Employees may be:

Ranked, Rated on the basis of a comparison with selected employees or a comparison with the ideal employee, may be rated on a numerical basis. Whatever standard used, should be clearly defined.

In a response to an active shooter, the IACP developed a plan called _______________________________-

Rapid Deployment to High-Risk Incidents. This system calls for the first responding officers to enter the structure and attempt to neutralize the active shooter.

The beginning of an interview should start on a note of sincerity and reasonableness, with the interviewer stating the reason and objective simply and clearly, beginning with a pleasant topic so as to build _______________.

Rapport.

What is the Forced-Choice Standard?

Raters decide whether the employee's performance in each rating category exceeds expectations, meets expectations, needs improvement, or is unacceptable. The rater must select only one choice for each trait evaluated. Highest or lowest ratings for the various traits should not be based on only one favorable or unfavorable talent or event. Should be based on objective evidence.

When ratings fail to accomplish their true purpose, the fault lies with?

Raters. The quality of personnel evaluations is largely a matter of attitude of the rater. The TRAINING of the raters is the most important requisite of the administration's evaluation system!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

What is the standard for performing an investigative detention?

Reasonable Suspicion

___________________________ section is normally omitted from the supervisor's report, since ultimate disposition of the case is usually reserved for superiors.

Recommendations. The Jury function is the supervisor's prerogative.

Individual Trait Ratings

Recommended by many who are experienced in the merit rating process that raters be encouraged to rate each employee on one characteristic at a time rather than to rate each employee completely before rating another.

Except in very minor cases, a _________________________ of the circumstances of every incident and the action taken should be made where a breach of discipline requires punitive action by the supervisor.

Record.

Organizations are judged by their _______________________?

Records of achievement. Law enforcement agency by its ability to suppress unlawful activity. The factor that determines whether or not you are successful is PERSONNEL, which is the department's most costly and important resource.

Advantages to online training

Reduction of cost, flexibility, ease of access, administrative benefits, and very suitable for Gens X, Y, and Z.

What is COACHING?

Refers to the practice of confronting an employee with his or her job performance record with the objective of finding ways to overcome deficiencies and improve job performance. Properly used, it can be an excellent motivational tool that stimulates employees to achieve peak job performance.

Why is just having the employee write a report not going to get to the full truth of the matter?

Reports seldom give a complete account of what happened, especially when the accused are expected to make admissions against their own interests. Inaccuracies or omissions require reinterviewing them!!! You can tell the truth without convicting yourself. This philosophy implies that the truth can be rigidly adhered to by telling only part of the story and conveniently omitting the incriminating part.

Formal vs Informal channels

Research has shown that adherence to formal channels within the hierarchy facilitated communications but that morale was better in systems involving informal channels. Furthermore, two way communications are apt to be more accurate than one way communications, and although lateral communications are faster, they do not provide for feedback as a means of measuring understanding.

The US Supreme Court held that the appropriate standard for a section 1983 (civil case) claim in the context of a police pursuit is the ________________________________________________--

SHOCKS THE CONSCIOUS standard.

The Court has ruled that Qualified Immunity is an immunity from _________ rather than a mere defense to liability.

SUIT. Important to note **** Quality Immunity is effectively lost if a case is erroneously permitted to go to trial.

A _________________ __________________________ of the incident should be made for future reference. Such reports are useful not only in court but also for training in critique sessions that should follow such occurrences.

SUMMARY REPORT.

Punishment not only must be certain but also must be meted out _________________________ as possible after detection and proof of the wrongdoing.

SWIFTLY. McGregor's Hot Stove Concept states that the sooner the disciplinary action is taken, the more automatic it will be and the more closely it will be associated with the errant, disruptive, or deviant behavior. Otherwise, the employee will mull over it and become bitter. The anticipation of what might or could happen is often more traumatic than the penalty itself.

The need for clarity in our communication...

Samovar, Porter, and McDaniel state that the 500 most used words in our language have about 14,000 meanings, an average of 28 meanings per word. It is thus obvious that a great need exists for clarity and precision of expression if communication between individuals in an organization is to be effective.

What is the Inward Search Strategy?

Search inward from the perimeter in teams of three or more officers. Each team assigned to a quadrant to search. If blocks of residences are to be searched, 2 teams should be assigned. Disadvantage is a chance of cornering the suspects, forcing them to resist if they refuse to surrender. Danger of crossfire may be greater when personnel converge at the center. The outward search strategy is to search outward from the center of operations toward a guarded perimeter. The suspect may be forced into the hands of personnel guarding the perimeter.

Should reasonable cause exist to believe that a felony suspect or one considered to be high risk is in the building, the supervisor should select two teams of officers, a ____________________ team and a ___________________ team.

Search team, and a Cover team. The number of personnel permitted to entry should be carefully controlled by the supervisor; as few personnel as necessary.

What is one of the most distasteful of the supervisor's investigative responsibilities?

Searching an officer's person, vehicle, locker, effects, or home. Searches should be made in private and should try to get consent from the employee. Also, whenever practicable, a search of the vehicle or effects of accused persons should be made in their PRESENCE. Some courts have held that searches of departmental property, such as lockers, police vehicles, and desks, generally may be conducted without a warrant.

Work performance begins to deteriorate in what stage?

Second stage (Middle stage or Intermediate).

Empathy

Seek first to understand, then to be understood. This is the key to effective interpersonal communication. The supervisor should consider the views of those to whom the communication will be directed.

What is problem-based learning?

Seeks to immerse learners in practical situations that force them to apply what they have learned through study and lecture.

Progress interviews; their objective is to aid the employee to engage in __________________?

Self appraisal.

Operations can be enhanced if management ________________ its decisions to employees as often as reasonably possible.

Sells.

A personnel evaluation system worthy of the cost should not be compromised by _______________________________.

Shortcut methods. Experience has shown that abridged versions or rating scales devised to economize on time at the expense of accuracy have been responsible for a high percentage of failures.

Relief for frustration

Should provide an opportunity for self-expression as an important corrective technique is generally recognized. Patient nondirective counseling wherein individuals are given the opportunity to engage in catharsis by talking out the situation will provide an outlet for reducing anger, developing some objectivity, and gaining insight into problems. Should give officers an opportunity for the achievement of a feeling of success, as well.

What is Catharsis?

Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, found that if he allowed his patients to talk about their psychological ailments, to engage in CATHARSIS, by bringing them to consciousness and giving them expression, their fears, problems, and complexes were often alleviated. Rogers describes CATHARSIS as the process of talking or acting things out in a permissive atmosphere. Catharsis not only frees the individual from those conscious fears and guilt feelings of which he is aware, but that, continued, it can bring to light more deeply buried attitudes which also exert their influence on behavior.

What is Situational Leadership?

Situational Leadership is when the supervisor or manager adjusts their leadership style to fit the developmental level of their followers and the needs of that situation. Supervisors have to change their style for the situation. Laissez-Faire when supervising highly skilled investigators. Autocratic when working a disaster call. Democratic when developing a patrol response to address a particular neighborhood crime problem.

______________________________ is a primary qualification for the position of first-line supervisor?

Skill in Listening

Rating reports often affect one's career, so ______________________________________ methods should be avoided.

Slipshod or inaccurate methods. Careful instructions must be given to the raters to prevent subjectivity as much as possible.

Stovall v. Denno

Some state courts have held that an officer who had detained a suspect only on the basis of reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause may not transport the suspect to the witness. Transport the witness instead.

What is a Composite Rating?

Some supervisors prefer to rate their subordinates individually, with the superior officer of the unit making a composite rating from the several individual appraisals, usually by a process of averaging the ratings. Shortcoming is that extreme ratings will tend to be in agreement but the midrange ratings will often be in conflict.

What is the Related Traits error?

Sometimes referred to as Logical Error or Association Error, the error of related traits is committed when the rater gives similar ratings to traits that seem to be similar. Each trait must be considered by itself by the raters.

Good leaders use their authority....

Sparingly and rarely display it.

Agencies can't just use Unbecoming Conduct as a reason, but rather should pair Unbecoming Conduct with _____________________________

Specific violations so the employee knows what they must defend against.

What is the primary advantage of emails?

Speed. A common problem is that users tend to become too casual and mistake it for informal conversation.

What is likely to help the individual withstand frustrations better?

Stability in the home and/or job environment.

While out in the field, supervisors can use COACHING to observe skill deficiencies and improve the employee's _______________

Street Survival Tactics.

A culture of transparency does what for law enforcement?

Strengthens community trust and Promotes legitimacy. Will need to effectively incorporate the use of social media.

Effective teaching should be defined in terms of _______________

Student Learning. The authors further state that the success does not rely solely on the student, but more on the instructor's ability to effectively execute his teaching strategies.

Rating systems are inherently __________________ since they involve a personal audit by one person of another's conduct or performance.

Subjective. Yet, if these observations are systematically made and recorded for the prime purpose of eliminating bias, they will provide an excellent basis for trait evaluation.

Ordinarily, the decision to evacuate an area threatened by fire, flood, gas, or some other major occurrence should be the responsibility of a _____________________ ________________ because of the liability that might result from an ill conceived act.

Superior Officer of the highest position. Decision must be made JUDICIOUSLY.

What does 'supervision' refer to?

Supervision is the act of overseeing people. Takes place at all levels in an organization except at the work level.

Official authority vs Real authority

Supervisors are selected by management and derive their OFFICIAL AUTHORITY from that source, but REAL AUTHORITY stems from the spirit of cooperation, respect, and confidence that they are able to gain from their subordinates.

Importance of Feedback

Supervisors surrender authority little by little when they fail to follow up on their orders to ensure that they have been carried out.

California v. Hodari

Supreme Court held that a 4th Amendment seizure requires some sort of physical force with lawful authority or submission to an authority.

Process of Communication

Symbols and signs are the means a speaker uses to translate ideas to his listener. Word symbols are used to express thoughts. Signs are the meanings that emanate from what is perceived. If this sequence of interaction is distorted or unbalanced, unilateral communications take place. May result in failure to respond as expected, or worse, may result in no action at all.

What is Regressive Behavior?

Symonds describes regressive behavior as a step taken by the individual in order to avoid meeting and solving some difficulty or present problem. It is an escape from reality and describes the condition of FIXATION as a defense against anxiety by stopping the process of development.

If the capacity for the role of _______ is not developed, supervisors deprive themselves of a means of upgrading the service and ensuring that the standards of performance in the organization are maintained through the training process.

TEACHER

_______________________ usually operates to the advantage of the police in such cases.

TIME.

____________________________________________ is the key to the successful administration of a rating system and is its most usual source of weakness.

TRAINING RATERS.

The most effective raters are those whose ....

Temperament and Personality are well balanced.

Due Process

Tenured employees are entitled to due process. Even nontenured employees are entitled to due process if their liberty interest in their position is involved. If doubt exists in connection with the disclosure in such cases, it should be resolved in favor of the officers. Where public disclosure is not involved or such public disclosure does not stigmatize employees to the extent that they are deprived of future employment, it can be assumed that due process based on the employee's liberty interest is probably not required. In such cases, there is no liability for a constitutional violation of a liberty interest for placing records of the employees' dereliction in their personnel file.

What is Positive Discipline?

That form of training and attitudinal conditioning used to correct deficiencies without invoking punishment. Sherman and Lucia define positive discipline as a systematic approach designed to instruct or guide employees in such a way that they become loyal, dedicated, responsible, and productive members of the organization.

Samson v. California

The 4th Amendment does not prohibit police from conducting a warrantless search of a parolee, even where is no suspicion of criminal wrongdoing. Being a parolee is basis enough.

Arizona v. Gant

The 4th Amendment requires law enforcement officers to demonstrate an Actual and Continuing Threat to their Safety posed by an arrestee, or a need to preserve evidence related to the crime of arrest from tampering by the arrestee, in order to justify a warrantless vehicular search incident to arrest, conducted after the vehicle's recent occupants have been arrested and secured.

What is the term used to explain the students' past training and experiences?

The APPERCEPTIVE Base.

What is the Exception Principle?

The Exception Principle specifies that the head of an organization or unit within it should not find it necessary to act personally on each matter coming under their general jurisdiction. Rather, supervisors should have to act only on those exceptional matters that require their personal attention. TRAINING is the key to the successful application of the principle. SUpervisors should reserve for themselves only those decisions subordinates are not equipped to make.

What is it called or cited when the number of traffic stops, car searches, and arrests significantly decline?

The Ferguson Effect It is the idea that police have become more REACTIVE and less PROACTIVE. AKA the Freddy Grey Effect, the ACLU Effect, and the Viral Video Effect

What is the HALO Effect?

The HALO effect simply implies that because persons look alike, one cannot accurately assume they will react alike. Judgement cannot be sound if they are based on appearances alone.

Communicating as a supervisor

The MANNER in which superior officers communicate with subordinates has a vital bearing on their interpersonal relations. Subordinates often resent a supervisor's bad manner in giving an order more than the bad order itself.

Who has provided guidelines for evacuation distances?

The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC).

What is PERF and what are the following characteristics of a good problem-oriented supervisor?

The POLICE EXECUTIVE RESEARCH FORUM. Problem-oriented supervisorial skills include: giving subordinates freedom to experiment, good analysis of problems, flexibility in work schedules, subordinates to make contacts directly, protecting subordinates from dept pressures, coaching and monitoring subordinates' progress, managing problem-solving efforts over a long period of time, giving credit to the subordinates, must believe in the work.

What is of paramount importance when dealing with Change?

The PROPER PLANNING, TIMING, and IMPLEMENTATION of Change at all levels. Prepare for the expected change, and effectively communicate it to personnel. Then effectively listen and answer questions. Use the PARTICIPATIVE Management Approach (Democratic/Participatory) and allow those affected by the change to become part of the change process.

What are the most troubling kind of problems for the supervisor?

The Social problems, involving the employees' families, jobs, and relationships with others.

Who emphasized the importance of informal organizations?

The Volcker Commission emphasized the importance of understanding informal organizations in "The Report of the National Commission on the Public Service." Within most police departments, there are groups that operate without official authorization. An effective supervisor should be familiar with these groups as well as their leaders because they have influence in the department.

What is the single most important skill of the supervisor?

The ability to communicate! Because it is basic to understanding the subordinate's point of view and passing on to him the objectives of the enterprise. Yet, among supervisors, communication is commonly the greatest area of weakness and the one most neglected.

What is the single most important characteristic of a strong leader?

The ability to maintain a high level of discipline.

What is the most common form of everyday misunderstandings?

The assumption that what is perfectly obvious to the sender is clear to the receiver. May be overcome by projecting oneself into another's viewpoint, which is called EMPATHY. Complete understanding is seldom achieved.

Active Listening

The best listeners are the best interviewers. Understanding is a by-product of listening, through which one gains some insight into the speaker's desires, ideas, concepts, and attitudes. It is an active function, not a passive one. Up to 2/3 of any message is nonverbal!!! These communications, called body language, often speak more clearly than words.

Basic Supervisory Responsibilities

The common elements of supervision can be grouped under those activities that relate to the direction of people and all it implies (their control and development) and to the multitude of interpersonal relationships between them and their supervisors.

What are drives?

The commonly recognized basic human drives are the wish for security, based on fear, apprehensiveness, and avoidance, the drive for response, derived from love, friendship, and affection, the wish for recognition, gained from status, prestige, and social approval, and the drive for new experiences, including curiosity, adventure, and the craving for excitement. Some add the service motive as a fundamental drive but many believe that it isn't a drive.

What is the Communications Net?

The communications net is the channels through which communications pass.

What is the Critical Incident Technique?

The critical incident technique involves the collection of objective data about an employee's performance, which can be used as a basis for more effective performance ratings. Vague or abstract trait ratings that often reflect personal bias can thus be minimized. Also, valuable as a basis for counseling employees about their performance.

What is one of the most productive sources of information that might be used by the police supervisor?

The day to day informal conduct with subordinates.

What is Organizational effectiveness largely dependent on?

The degree to which supervisor skillfully apply sound principles of leadership to everyday operations. No one trait can be isolated since they all relate to the total character of the leader and are interrelated.

Illinois v. Caballes

The detention of a person, vehicle, package, or container for the purpose of a canine search must be based on reasonable suspicion or voluntary consent. However, if the vehicle or container is already lawfully detained for some other purpose such as a lawful motor vehicle stop, the 4th Amendment does not require additional justification for a canine sniff of the exterior of the vehicle. The use of a canine unit after the completion of an otherwise lawful traffic stop that exceeded the time reasonably required to handle the matter violated the 4th Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures (United States v. Rodriguez).

What is the most obvious means of preventing frustrations arising out of the work environment?

The discovery and removal of underlying causes. It is often an extremely difficult task.

What is the Error of Leniency?

The error of leniency is by far the MOST COMMON of all errors in the rating of personnel. Occurs when the rater marks an inordinately large number of the rating reports in the highest one or two categories.

What is Subjectivity?

The error of personal bias is often confused with the error of subjectivity. The error of subjectivity occurs when raters are unduly influenced by one or two characteristics that have special appeal to them. Cooperative or pleasant officers, for example, are sometimes rated much higher because of these traits than their overall performance justifies.

What is one of the most significant organizational factors contributing to poor performance?

The failure of supervisors to clearly communicate the expected standard of performance to subordinates.

What are the two main forms of online training?

The first is called Asynchronous training and the second is called Synchronous training. Asynchronous - allows learners to log in and choose from a variety of course topics. The students learn on their own. Synchronous - more closely related to a classroom setting. It is a virtual classroom led by a course instructor.

What is the essence of the supervisory function?

The focus of administrative subsystem is on authority, structure, and responsibility within the organization: who does what for whom and who tells whom to do what, how, when, and why. Such direction is the essence of the supervisory function.

Nowhere are these psychological factors more important than in what?

The giving of orders.

U.S. v. Jones

The installation of a GPS tracking device on a person's car constituted a search under the meaning of the 4th Amendment, and a warrant is required before law enforcement can install such a device.

Step 1 of Teaching: Introduction

The introductory step in the instructional process will perhaps tax the imagination of the teachers more than the other four steps of instruction! This is the step in which the ACID test must be applied. Have I gained Attention? Have I aroused Curiosity? Have I stimulated Interest? Have I created a Desire to learn? This step does not involve the imparting of new knowledge.

Difference between a Leader and being an Authority.

The leader stimulates, motivates, and inspires the group to follow willingly, even eagerly. The authority pushes and drives his men who yield and obey because they fear the consequences of disobedience.

Which Rating Method should you use?

The method selected for rating personnel depends in part on the individual needs of the organization and the preference of the raters. No matter what you choose, when ratings are made under supervision so that instructions are understood and some controls are exercised over them by a superior familiar with the performance of those rated, the quality of the evaluations improves.

What is the Principle of Intensity?

The more intense the matter taught, the greater is the likelihood that it will be retained. Vivid examples of real situations associated with principles taught provide a most effective learning experience and stimulate the memory to longer retention. Reality based training relies on the Principle of Intensity.

What is the span of control limited by?

The nature of the job and the capacity of the personnel.

What is the training truism?

The need for training police officers in our complex society is as great as the need for their services. Without training, the best of officers is inadequate at best, incompetent at worst. The foundation is established with a good training program.

What is the ideal of human efficiency?

The objective of good human relations should be the greatest production in the shortest possible time with the minimum energy and the maximum satisfaction for the producers. It is possible but seldom achieved.

Step 2 of Teaching: Presentation

The objective of the presentation step is either to impart new knowledge or skills to students or to refresh their memory about what they have once learned but might have forgotten.

The Western Electric Company conducted a long study which stated...

The performance of workers is more affected by factors in the psychological and social environments than by factors in the physical environment.

What is the most critical period during a hostage crisis?

The period when the initial seizure occurs because of the emotional tensions that are present---it is then that the danger of injury or death to the hostage is the greatest. Short hesitation by the police in this time usually helps to de-escalate the situation.

What is the Employee-Centered Approach with interviews?

The person being interviewed should be the central figure at all times. The supervisor should engage in the understanding listener role. The interview will only succeed if the employee leaves feeling that they had their say.

What is a personality?

The personality of an individual is a composite of their personal characteristics. Furthermore, the capability of the supervisors to adapt others' methods to their own particular style is the keynote to supervisory success.

What is the UNITY OF COMMAND?

The principle of unity of command requires that every employee be under the direct command of one superior. It provides clear cut channels of authority. Close analysis will probably reveal that such organizations operate effectively because of exceptional leadership. The principle of unity of command applies to those who are commanded, not to those who command. Unity of command does not work for joint efforts by several agencies, but unity of effort can.

Who has the burden of proving valid consent by a preponderance of the evidence?

The prosecution.

What is the role of the supervisor during Civil Disorder?

The role of the supervisor is rather well defined by the basic admonition that a leader should not commit his forces until they are of sufficient strength to perform their mission with a reasonable expectation of success.

What is the biggest problem with rating systems and large groups where functions vary widely?

The selection of a rating method that will yield the most reliable results.

Style of written communication

The so-called newspaper style of writing ordinarily simplifies expression and facilitates understanding. The first paragraph expresses the essential elements of the paper and is called the topic paragraph. Begins with the most important ideas and then down to the least. The plan of action is in the conclusion paragraph.

What is the Span of Control?

The span of control relates to the number of subordinates who can be supervised effectively by one supervisor. It is small at the top levels (3-5) and is broad at the lower levels. Dependent on the capacity of the supervisor and the supervised, the types of work, and the complexity of the work. Supervisors can reduce the span of control by delegating work!!!

What is the basic concept of civil disorder control?

The strategy of striking swiftly with adequate force to ensure success. If supervisors don't have a force that is sufficient, they should wait until they have adequate personnel to overwhelm the riotous elements.

For a change to have the greatest acceptance....

The supervisor must take into account the TIMING of a communication and the selection of the location where it takes place.

What is Overweighting or Recency?

The tendency of raters to be unduly influenced by an occurrence involving the person rated near the end of the rating period. The rating error occurs when one or more outstanding occurrences near the end of the rating period are out of proportion to the average performance during the entire period. The recency wherein those things most recently perceived will be remembered best.

What is the HALO or HORNS Effect?

The tendency of raters to rate in terms of a very GENERAL IMPRESSION rather than on the basis of specific traits. Occurs when the rater thinks in terms of "good" (halo) or "bad" (horns) and groups all the ratings for an individual at the high or low end of the scale. Usually effected by the Error Related Traits.

What is the important factor in supervisors' ability to counsel those with drinking problems well?

Their capacity to recognize a drinking problem.

Kirby v. Illinois

There is no constitutional right to counsel for an identification that takes place before the accused is indicted or formally charged. Even if the suspect is arrested but has not yet been brought before a judge, the officer may show the suspect to witnesses or the victim without offering the suspect the chance to have an attorney present.

What is the Totality of the Circumstances standard?

There is no single deciding factor that the courts must consider all the facts, the context of those facts as they were known at the time of an incident, and conclude from the whole picture whether there is probable cause or whether an alleged detention is really a detention, or whether someone's actions were legal and justified.

What are Personnel Evaluation Systems good for?

They are a valuable tool for giving employees recognition for their efforts, for revealing operational deficiencies that might be corrected by training, for uncovering weaknesses in selection procedures, for placing and promoting personnel, establishing a basis for merit pay, and providing an inventory of the capabilities of the manpower of an organization.

What is an Autocratic Leader?

They are highly authoritative. They made decisions without allowing subordinates to participate. Subordinates don't have a voice but they do know where they stand. These leaders rule through fear, intimidation, and threat. In periods of stress or emergency, when initiative and decisiveness are needed during bold, rapid action, autocratic leaders are most likely to succeed.

Stephen Covey when talking about Delegation refers to the win/win performance agreement. What is it?

They are negotiated documents describing the goals of the task, the management support promised, and the rewards/penalties to be expected. They can greatly increase the span of control.

Hersey and Blanchard

They developed Situational Leadership. The leader's style is a combination of task behavior (giving specific instructions) and relationship behavior (convincing workers to exert effort). The style used is dependent on the workers' readiness, which is a combination of ability and willingness.

Why do many newly appointed leaders fail?

They fail because of an inability to establish and maintain effective relationships with others, particularly those in subordinate roles.

What must supervisors develop?

They must acquire an understanding of the basic principles of leadership and the tenets of organization and management if they are to perform their complex tasks efficiently and effectively.

What is the Principle of Primacy?

Things learned first create a strong impression in the mind that is difficult to erase.

What is learning by association?

Things to be learned should be presented so they can be associated with other familiar things. The process of remembering by association. The more things associated the more it is retained. When isolated it can be difficult, but when they have been given meaningful associations they can be transferred more profitably.

Absent exigency, an officer cannot enter the home of a ____________ _____________ to effect an arrest of someone who does not live there.

Third Party.

In what stage does a physical deterioration begin to set in?

Third stage (Late or Acute stage).

Problem with a written notification of a rating....

This procedure does not afford a suitable medium for full discussion and goal setting, which are desirable and which can be accomplished in the face-to-face interview.

Step 4 of Teaching: Application

This step should disclose how much of the new material they have grasped and how ready they are to progress to a new area of learning. Problem solving and role playing are excellent teaching devices.

Who are the most effective supervisors?

Those supervisors who show concern for the public, their employees, and their organizations.

What are marginal employees?

Those that do just that amount and quality of work that will not give the organization a cause of action against them are the cause of considerable concern to the supervisor. They are the source of dissatisfaction within their peer group, which they contaminate with their antiorganization attitude.

Supervisors should do what in terms of fixing frustration?

Threats, arguments, and appeals to reason have LIMITED corrective value in relieving frustration. Supervisors need to assist by encouraging them to view such conflicts in their true perspective and by helping them gain objectivity and insight into their problem. Give them an opportunity to vent their feelings through the technique of NONDIRECTIVE COUNSELING.

Why are organizational structures established?

To designate how work is to be divided among the various components of the establishment. The process of dividing that work involves both analysis and synthesis.

What is a prime objective of the evaluation procedure?

To get the subordinate to improve their performance.

What is the important objective of professional counseling?

To help problem drinkers realize that they must give up drinking and that they can never again use alcohol.

What are the major functions of the interview?

To obtain information, to communicate or give information, to motivate employees to improve cooperation or performance, to help solve personal and group problems, and to appraise the past, present, and future situation of the employee.

What are the primary objectives in the administration of an effective personnel complaint investigation policy?

To protect the integrity and reputation of the force, to protect the public interest, and to protect the accused employee from unjust accusation.

What is one of the supervisor's first tasks at the scene of an unusual incident?

To quickly EVALUATE the occurrence and then COMMUNICATE to headquarters the field intelligence available so that plans can be started for the dissemination of necessary control material and equipment and the deployment of required personnel.

What are the basic supervisory responsibilities?

Training, coaching, and counseling.

Transactional vs Transformational Leadership

Transactional Leadership is when one person takes the initiative, making contact with others for the purpose of the exchange of valued things. Transformational Leadership is when one or more persons engage with others in a way in which the leader and the non-leader raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality.

Today, as we transition into a new information age and multicultural work environment, leaders need to be both ____________________

Transformational and Culturally sensitive. Culturally sensitive leaders cut across cultural barriers.

It is the supervisor's responsibility to arrive at the ________________ of the matter, which must be done by whatever _______________ means are available.

Truth, Proper.

The supervisor's competence in carrying out the objectives of the program reflect the _________________________ and ____________________________.

Type of TRAINING, and ATTITUDINAL CONDITIONING.

Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill

U.S. Supreme Court held that tenured public employees are entitled, under due process, to oral or written notice of the charges against them and an opportunity to tell their side of the story before they are terminated. The procedure need not be elaborate.

City of North Muskegon v Briggs

U.S. Supreme Court held that the government would have to prove the agency's reputation was actually damaged by the employee's adulterous off-duty conduct in order to sustain discipline. Of vital importance is whether the employee's conduct involved a proper departmental interest.

Punitive action for similar breaches of conduct should be somewhat _____________, providing such derelictions occur under like conditions.

UNIFORM. A useful guiding rule is to apply just that amount of punishment that will prevent further derelictions of the same nature. The penalty should fit the offense but it should also fit the individual. This is the ideal state but is seldom achieved.

Experience indicates that management is generally ______________ by reviewing tribunals upon appeal by employees who have been punished for breaches of discipline in the public service.

UPHELD.

What leads the list of civil actions against police officers and police departments?

Use-of-force incidents.

In 1983, SCOTUS recognized that an informant's _______________, ________________, and ______________________ are important in determining probable cause, and that those issues are intertwined.

VERACITY, RELIABILITY, and BASIS of KNOWLEDGE. (Illinois v. Gates).

__________________________deals with the measuring device; ________________________ deals more with the judgment of the rater in collecting, interpreting, and applying the information to the rating.

Validity, Reliability.

Carroll v. US

Vehicles may be searched without a warrant if the officer who is conducting the search has probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains contraband. Court extended the automobile exception to a fully mobile motor home parked in a parking lot, which is licensed for vehicular traffic.

Method of communication

Verbal orders are usually satisfactory for simple tasks and in emergency situations. However, verbal orders can easily be misunderstood. Therefore, having it played back for you by the recipient can help to clarify any misunderstandings. Written orders should be used where complex operations or numerous persons are affected to ensure that all receive the same message. Such orders facilitate follow-up and provide a basis for attaching accountability.

_______________________________________ are desirable at times, because they are generally more final than forced separations from service.

Voluntary Resignations. The supervisor should avoid coercing the employee to resign in lieu of disciplinary actions, since such action might result in reversal by the courts and a reinstatement of the employee.

The rater must exercise care to avoid _________________________ all traits and abilities equally, since the job being performed by the person rated may not require the same abilities, or at least the same amount of that ability.

WEIGHTING

4th Amendment and its protections against unreasonable searches and seizures makes it clear that the gold standard for police searches is a _______________________.

Warrant. An exception to this is the COMMON LAW rule, which permits the searches of the person of an arrestee as an incident to a lawful arrest (Officer safety and Preservation of evidence)

Public School Officials can conduct _______________________________________ of students under their authority.

Warrantless Searches of reasonable suspicion. Student would have to be suspected of breaking a school rule or criminal offense. Can't do it at the request of the police or even have the police present because then they would be an agent of the police and require probable cause or a warrant.

Is making employees happy the end all be all?

We know that just having happy employees is not enough -- they need reasonable goals and a sense of achievement and personal development if they are to be satisfied and productive. Productive workers are more likely to be happy, rather than the reverse.

What are Staff Meetings?

Well-conducted meetings with subordinate personnel. They may be scheduled periodically at specified intervals or only as needed. The most mileage can be gained from staff meetings if the supervisor responsible for their conduct prepares a plan of action.

What is Rationalization?

When a person gives a plausible or logical reason to justify or explain their behavior or feelings instead of the truth. It is a common reaction to failure. It is perhaps one of the most common and most insidious defense mechanisms because it usually cannot be dealt with subtly.

What is the Principle of Readiness?

When conditions in the learning environment are such that they establish in students an attitude favorable to learning, they are said to be in a state of READINESS to learn. They can become ready to learn through positive motivators or negative motivators.

What is the Attitude of Resignation?

When emotional conflicts with their resultant frustrations are frequent or continuous and attack reactions are not available, they may give up all attempts to satisfy a motive and adopt an attitude of resignation. Their hope for a solution will be absent as will their espirit de corps.

What is the Principle of Repetition?

When experiences are pleasing or satisfying, there is usually a desire to repeat the experience. Repetition builds habits, which if correct, lead to success, satisfaction, and a desire to repeat what produces pleasure. Hilgard and Bower refer to this concept as the LAW of USE and DISUSE. Repetition should be purposeful and should not be used as busy work.

What is Command Presence?

When leaders have command presence, they remain cool, calm, and collected in the face of conflict, and exert confidence and self-control while handling a crisis. It is the natural manner of an individual indicating a complete command of their mental and physical faculties and emotions. Best reflected by leaders who look calmer and calmer as things get worse and worse.

What is the Principle of Effect?

When learners are in a state of mental readiness in a favorable environment, efficient learning is possible. The effect of their success in learning is a pleasurable sense of satisfaction. Students strive to continue that which provides a pleasant effect.

Problems with Fixation.

When people experience fixation, they keep repeating a response even if it is not effective. Their development is arrested. Individuals often become inflexible in meeting new situations. Their attitudes do not change.

What is the Numerical Standard?

When quantity of production is most important to an organization. The numerical grade given to each trait by the rater multiplied by the weight assigned to that trait equals its value points. Totaling the value points gives a rater the ability to arithmetically rank the employees. The WEIGHTING adds the element of SUBJECTIVITY to the rating, since weights assigned to traits are estimates of the value.

What is Central Tendency?

When raters group their ratings near the Center of the rating scale. Too lazy to put in more work or use date to explain why they are above or below average.

Define a Grievance.

When some factor in an employee's work environment causes that person to complain orally or more formally, in writing, it is usually referred to as a grievance. Those grievances involving some factor not related to a contractual agreement are resolved primarily by first line supervisors. Grievances should be handled at the LOWEST POSSIBLE LEVEL.

Determining whether you are a problem drinker.

When someone is repeatedly affected adversely by alcohol, the person is a problem drinker, regardless of how slight or grave the effects are. The best clue to what is developing is the recurring memory blackout. Alcoholism describes when the individual drinks compulsively, never intending to drink too much but invariably doing so.

What is the greatest source of complaints against the rating system?

When standards are not consistently applied from unit to unit or officer to officer.

Escape

When the efforts needed outweigh the desire to try or when it appears to be insoluble problem, people may try to escape, by physically or mentally withdrawing. Escapism should not be confused with laziness or lack of motivation. It is more of a condition involving a lack of FORTITUDE.

Classifications of Complaints

When the facts obtained support the complaint it should be classified as SUSTAINED. When the evidence indicates that the alleged act did in fact occur but was legal, proper, and necessary, it should be classified as EXONERATED. There was no evidence of improper conduct on the accused officer's part. UNFOUNDED when the alleged act did not in fact occur and the complaint was false. Those that cannot be resolved by investigation due to insufficient evidence or material conflicting with evidence, should be classified NOT SUSTAINED. Should it reveal that the employee was guilty of misconduct not part of the original complaint, should be classified as MISCONDUCT NOT BASED ON THE COMPLAINT.

Lesson Plan

When the instructors have completed the preliminary procedures of developing instructional goals and specific objectives, obtaining lesson materials, and analyzing them, they are ready to prepare their written teaching plans.

What is Projection?

When they assign such blame to some external object rather than to themselves. They may even pass the responsibility on to their supervisor.

Democratic Leadership

When those affected by a nonemergent (non emergency) decision are consulted before it is made, the process will take longer but IMPLEMENTATION will be much swifter.

Who wrote the Foreword and who is he?

William Berger, former President of the Florida Police Chief Assn and the International Association of Chiefs, a lawyer, and the U.S. Marshal in the State of Florida.

Formal vs Informal channels continued

With respect to informal channels, the grapevine typically operates with great strength in most organizations. Employees often rely on the grapevine when they feel threatened or are under stress due to a pending change. The grapevine can never be eliminated.

Organizing

With the organizing phase, supervisors must facilitate communication and provide clear-cut downward lines of authority and responsibility with the upward lines of accountability.

What is the strongest influencer on workers' performance and morale?

Workers' performance and morale are more strongly influenced by their IMMEDIATE SUPERIOR than by any other factor in their environment.

(CALEA) The Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies says that a comprehensive, well thought out, uniform set of ___________________ is one of the most successful methods for reaching administrative and operational goals, while also providing direction to personnel.

Written Directives.

As an investigative tool, ___________________________________ can be very helpful..

Written Statements. Statement analysis expert Sapir states guilty persons subconsciously reflect the truth in written statements, especially statements that are handwritten.

The IACP Domestic Violence Policy makes it clear that the department will adhere to what kind of policy toward police officer domestic violence?

ZERO-TOLERANCE

The IACP makes it clear that the department will adhere to what kind of policy toward police officer domestic violence?

Zero-tolerance Policy Any department must include an early warning and intervention component as part of preventing OIDV.

When investigating officers misconduct....

a conclusion should not be drawn before the facts are known. Experience has proved that some of the complaints that at first seem to be the least plausible are found to be most authentic.

What does Time Management involve?

a planned conscious effort to increase daily effectiveness and productivity. Time is one of the greatest management resources we have available to us.

Supervisors must be carefully aware of conditions (such as a lack of brevity) that will convert a consensual and voluntary field encounter with a person into what?

a police detention or worse, a constructive or de facto arrest.

The overall consequence of the "Ferguson Effect" is

a reduced willingness to engage in community partnerships.

Supervisors

are responsible for people while people are responsible for production. Supervisors must develop the art of influencing, coordinating subordinates' efforts, and directing people to proper goals. Supervisors personify the virtues of the department.

Lateral Communications...

are the most important to the activity of coordinating the efforts of organizational units.

Supervisors should...

avoid filtering information to subordinates or superiors. Vital to keep superiors informed so that their decisions may be based on complete information, not on partial data that may have been taken out of context. Should be in favor of conveying too much rather than too little. The best interests of the organization must prevail.

Physical arrest and formal booking of accused officers should be made only after the _____________________________ has been apprised fully.

chief officer of the organization

In becoming a supervisor you must...

develop a radical change in philosophy and thought processes, especially in HUMAN RELATIONS.

The traits of the performance ratings need to be:

easily observed and uniformly evaluated. The traits should describe actual characteristics required by the job, common to the largest possible number of employees. The traits shouldn't overlap.

What is burnout?

excessive job stress, or that resulting from personal frustration and inadequate coping skills. Also referred to as BOSS (burnout stress syndrome).

How a law enforcement agency responds and deals with the media is very important, especially within the first ________ hours of an incident.

first 24 hours

The ADA (americans with disabilities act) requires law enforcement agencies make reasonable accommodations unless making such accommodations would ....

fundamentally alter the program or service involved. Police must have TRAINING, SENSITIVITY, and AWARENESS. ADA also protects employees where the organization must reasonably accommodate unless it creates an undue hardship on the operation of the business.

Involve your team in the change and

have a clear message, invite feedback, and approach the most resistant people from the start. Then, you must Monitor and Evaluate how the change is progressing.

Supervisors should...

have a good working knowledge of the principle aspects of the job for which they are responsible.

Carroll vs US

held that vehicles may be searched without a warrant if the officer who is conducting the search has probable cause to believe the vehicle contains contraband (mobility of the vehicle made it exigent)

Who qualifies as a Qualified Law Enforcement Officer?

includes state and public college / university police officers. must regularly qualify in the use of a firearm. not under the influence.

Supervisors can ensure safety by

inspecting unsafe practices training on property safety techniques inhibiting any unsafe behavior ** Being a model to your subordinates for Correct Safety and Survival Behavior is one of the most important role of a supervisor

Body language and conveying a message....

is important. How an act is done is often more important than the act itself.

Harassment...

is perceived by those subjected to it as an act or series of acts that causes persistent mental distress or worry. For sexual harassment, one survey found that 34% of police agencies have no written policy against sexual harassment!!!!

True Leader is...

is the leader recognized as such formally and granted leadership authority not only by the organization but also by the subordinates. The grant of authority by the subordinates is the only real source of authority. Jocko says there are only two types of leaders; effective and ineffective.

Posttraumatic stress disorder is often reflected by feelings of?

isolation, flashbacks, sleeplessness, anxiety, and a loss of work interest, causing deterioration in job performance. Symptoms usually begin to occur soon after a traumatic / critical incident. Peer counseling programs, such as the Critical Incident Stress Management Program, have been very successful in helping officers involved in shootings and other highly traumatic incidents.

Leadership fails most often because ....

it is not provided when it is most needed than because the techniques are flawed.

When interviewing people for a police officer position...

it is suggested that a 15 minute interview be at least doubled.

What are Learning Objectives?

learning objectives, often called performance objectives or competencies, are brief, clear, specific statements of what students should know or be able to do at the end of the course that they couldn't do before. It is recommended that learning objectives be expressed as outcomes for participants.

What is Espirit de corps?

like morale, it involves the existence of a sense of common endeavor and responsibility within the group. It embodies devotion to the group enterprise, cooperation among its members, and pride in its accomplishments.

Asking someone directly about suicide intent...

lowers anxiety, opens up communication, and lowers the risk of an impulsive act.

The lenient rater will....

mark an excessive number of subordinates in the upper 20% or upper 10% and fewer in the lower ranges. It will damage the morale of the truly outstanding workers. The tendency to rate high results is called a Skewed Curve.

Supervisors have a direct impact on these safety areas by doing what?

modeling appropriate behavior. Promote a culture of officer safety and wellness

David Lieberman explains...

morale cannot be achieved through incentive or policy. People are interested in themselves and the things that affect them. Therefore, the supervisor should provide them with performance feedback that will give them a sense of their worth within the organization. One of their basic needs is a feeling of stability and security in their work.

Indicators of a Chemical Attack:

mostly illnesses, liquids, explosions with little pysical damage. drooling, tearing, shortness of breath, irritation of eyes, nose, throat, redness or itchy skin. Unusual odors (garlic, mowed grass, bitter almonds) dead wildflife, dead insects, medical problems as opposed to physical attack.

The New Jersey Attorney General's Office recommends that police agencies use certain data in an early warning system to help identify the problem performer:

motor vehicle stop data, search and seizure data, internal complaints, civil actions, incidents of force, duty related injury claims, arrests for resisting arrest, arrests for assault on l.e., criminal investigation or complaints, arrested persons injured, vehicular pursuits and accidents, evidence suppressed or cases dismissed.

Planning ...

must be more detailed and meticulous at the lower level of the hierarchy than for those at the top. Allows the supervisor to make decisions in advance.

Supervisors' function is to obtain ________________ and not to give out __________________

obtain Facts, not give out Information.

First-line Supervisors...

occupy a key position in any organization because of their direct influence on the conduct and performance of those who do the work. Coordination of people and units within the organization is a vital function of the supervisory position so that the organization operates effectively.

All supervisors and police leaders are in a unique position to help ensure ....?

officer safety

Question and answer technique

often plays an important role in police work, especially in the interrogation of suspects. However; using this procedure in the interview is not entirely successful, since questions seldom elicit the whole story. The exclusive use of this procedure produces barriers and interferes with full communication.

In cases of multiple suspects, the photographs should.....

only contain 1 photo of a suspect in each lineup.

A detention should be how long?

only take the time necessary to determine whether the person was or was not engaged in criminal activity.

The initial conversation should ordinarily be directed toward the subordinate's ________________ rather than toward him as an ________________

performance, individual

The principle objective should be to deploy available personnel and equipment rapidly in the initial stages to ............................

prevent escalation of the incident or aggravation of the circumstances.

What factors is morale dependent upon?

quality of leadership the group members are exposed to, level of discipline in the organization, extraneous pressures, existence or absence of attainable goals, remuneration received by employees, fringe benefits, other working conditions.

A key element to successful response to a chemical, biological, or radiological incident is the _______________________________-

rapid identification of the hazard and immediate control over all responding units.

Supervisors during interviews should

refrain from giving advice and instead expertly guide the discussion into constructive channels suggested by the interviewees themselves.

A supervisor of higher rank shall always report to the scene of all police officer domestic violence incidents involving a police officer, regardless of what?

regardless of the involved officer's jurisdiction.

Procedural plans are what?

relate to SOPs which are guides in activities such as processing warrants, recording and processing reports, and processing traffic citations. Supervisors must review these day-to-day and make recommendations to increase operational efficiency.

Fiscal plans are what?

relate to such matters as budget preparation and funds allotted for personnel, equipment, and supplies.

Morrissey v. Brewer

required there be more detailed due process procedures, and therefore, would be the safest course to follow in important disciplinary cases.

Bomb threats, the person in charge of the premises is....

responsible for making the decision to whether occupants should be evacuated.

Harlow v. Fitzgerald

ruled that govt officials are generally shielded from liability, insofar as their objective conduct does not violate clearly established constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known to assert.

Punishing an employee will not demoralize if it is .......

sensibly applied in a fair, consistent manner.

Who qualifies as a Qualified Retired Law Enforcement Officer?

separated in good standing, served for 10 years or more, has qualified in the last 12 months.

Assigning officers

should be done as SCIENTIFICALLY as possible to the positions for which they are best suited and to the places and at the times where they are most needed. Studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between PRODUCTIVITY of an individual, Job satisfaction, and the Type of supervision received. EMPLOYEE- CENTERED supervisors obtain better results than PRODUCTION-CENTERED ones!!!

Most suicidal officers communicate their intent when?

sometime during the week preceding their attempt.

Michigan v. Summers

states that officers may detain the occupants for a reasonable amount of time while a proper search is conducted. May take reasonable safety measures during the execution of a search warrant.

Step 5 of Teaching: Test

tests must be constructed so that they will measure the effectiveness of the teacher through an evaluation of the learners' progress or lack of it. This step is closely related to the application step. Tests, if properly formulated, give the teacher some clues to whether the general goals and specific objectives are being achieved.

Minnesota v. Dickerson

the Court held that an officer may seize an object if, in the course of a weapons frisk, PLAIN TOUCH reveals the object, and the officer has probable cause to believe that it is CONTRABAND.

Illinois v. Wardlow

the Court ruled evasive behavior from a high-crime area upon noticing police officers may be suspicious enough in itself to justify pursuit.

What is one of the basic human drives that is correlated with personnel evaluation systems?

the DESIRE for RECOGNITION.

Which part of the media statement will people most likely remember?

the Opening Statement.

O'Connor v. Ortega

the U.S. Supreme Court held that the government's compelling need for supervision, control, and the efficient operation of the workplace was sufficient to justify testing workers for drug or alcohol use based on REASONABLE SUSPICION.

What is the pleasure / pain principle?

the amount of control individuals exercise over their behavior. If the pain from punishment they are likely to sustain exceeds their pleasure from the aggressive acts, they will probably discontinue them.

When rating personnel....

the competence of the raters, the effort they expend, their judgement, and the fairness to which they apply is important.

Define Zone of Safety.

the distance to be maintained between the subject and the responding member. The distance should be Greater than the Effective Range of the Weapon (other than a firearm).

SCOTUS held municipalities may be liable for inadequate training of employees, but only when ....

the failure to train amounts to DELIBERATE INDIFFERENCE

Dealing with depression

the mere passage of time usually will bring about a cure. Each day that the person copes with their problems helps them to face the next day with more composure and equilibrium. Employees mourning over the loss of a loved one should not be encouraged to take a vacation because it tends to increase the depressive reactions focusing their attention more on their own problem, than diverting it to something or someone else.

Withdrawal should not be ordered under the theory that.....

the mere presence of the police at such occurrences is inflammatory and tends to generate hostility and violence. Ample experience to controvert it.

Regardless of the sophistication of the rating procedures or the importance of the program, an evaluation system will be successful only if _____________________________________________

the raters or those rated really want it to succeed.

What is the Nondirective or Employee-centered counseling technique?

the supervisor stimulates individuals to discover their own problem and decide on a course of action to correct it. Don't talk about the alcohol problem until after the subordinate "discover" it himself.

Hearsay may also be part of the issuance of a search warrant (Illinois v. Gates) as long as.....

there is substantial credible hearsay (informant in this case). - Bernstein Case Law Manual.

What are RULES and REGULATIONS?

they are plans providing specific guides to conduct and performance. They are parameters for acceptable conduct provided by management. Subject to more rapid change than are policies. Rules may be made at any supervisory level.

In a Pew Research Center national survey that sampled nearly 8,000 police officer with departments holding at least 100 officers...

they found that the high profile incidents with black citizens and police officers has done: - made their job riskier - aggravated tensions - left officers reluctant to fully carry out some duties

Studies have indicated that persons are more likely to follow the suggestions of their supervisors if .......

they have demonstrated an ability to help others solve their problems.

Proactive supervisors will cultivate good relationships with parole and probation officers because ....

they need no warrant to search the home or property of an offender under their supervision.

If supervisors provide subordinates with proper leadership...

they will respond with the highest performance, with a minimum of conflict and a maximum of satisfaction.

Indicators of a Biological Attack.

think disease!

Operational plans are what?

those designed to give guidance and direction in the performance of normal police activities. The deployment and distribution of personnel or the search for suspects or lost persons.

Tactical plans are what?

those that are prepared to meet exigencies encountered by police, such as widespread civil disorders, unusual crime problems, civil defense needs, or major disasters.

Auxiliary services plans are what?

those that implement normal operations, such as in the recruitment of personnel or public and community relations acitivities.

How does a supervisor bring about WORK SIMPLIFICATION?

through the streamlining of procedures, reduction of paperwork, and effective use of personnel resources.

The First Amendment Rights exercised on the public way are not absolute, they are subject to what?

time, place, and manner restrictions.

What is the purpose of discipline?

to bring about improved conduct in the future.

Shusta and colleagues' Transcultural Leadership: Empowering the Diverse Workforce is

transcultural leadership, which addresses a new global reality: today, productivity must come from the collaboration of culturally diverse women and men. Must empower and develop people. Employees be selected, evaluated, and promoted on the basis of performance and competency.

Mistakes of the head vs Mistakes of the heart...

with Mistakes of the head, training value normally exceeds the harm done, but with Mistakes of the heart, negative corrective action usually is needed to prevent a recurrence.

What is the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

(1993) a US labor law requiring covered employers to provide eligible employees with unpaid (job protected) leave for qualified medical and family reasons. Dept. of Labor states that employees are eligible for 12 workweeks of leave in a 12 mth period. 26 workweeks of leave in 12 mth period for service member with serious injury or illness if the service member is a spouse, child, parent, or next of kin (military caregiver leave).

Behavioral health issues include what?

-mental illness -substance abuse -developmental disabilities

Research tells us (2016) that 1 in every _______ adults lives with a mental illness.

1 in every 5. (44.7 million people)

There are 5 steps to the Behavioral Change Stairway Model. What are they?

1) Active Listening - first step, foundation for the others. 2) Empathy - trying to understand another person's thoughts, feelings, and situation from their point of view. 3) Rapport - establishing a relationship, trust, or connection with another person. 4) Influence - once you have a rapport, explore different options. When they trust you they are more open to your input on problem solving. 5) Behavioral Change - last step, when the person does what you want them to do. Unfortunately, many start with the last step.

List the types of Leaders.

1) Autocratic Leader, 2) Democratic or Participatory Leader, 3) Free Rein or Laissez-Faire Leader.

The National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS) has two types of advisories:

1) Bulletins - general trends regarding threats of terrorism. 2) Alerts - when there is specific, credible information about a terrorist attack.

An alcoholic develops one of more of the 3 Defense Mechanisms. What are they?

1) Denial, 2) Rationalization, 3) Projection.

Dr. Jeff Bernstein's five things you can do to begin your preparation for the test.

1) Develop a plan, 2) Gather up all the materials, 3) establish the proper mind-set, 4) Be positive, 5) Begin your study.

What are the three types of Order Giving?

1) Direct commands, 2) Requests, and 3) Implied or suggested orders. Direct commands - best when emergent conditions require direct, prompt action. They can also prevent officers from getting themselves into trouble. Requests - most orders should be framed as requests. Capable, responsible subordinates usually require nothing more than a request, and will construe it as an order. Cooperation is most readily obtained through requests than commands. Implied or suggested orders - can be employed to good effect with the reliable employee who readily assumes responsibility for a task. Allow for considerable latitude in the method of accomplishing an assignment.

What 3 Stages exist with Problem Drinking?

1) Early Stage, 2) Middle or Intermediate Stage, 3) Late or Acute Stage The stages may consume months or years. The intermediate or middle stage of a developing drinking problem is a critical period. Physical deterioration often sets in during the third; late or acute, stage.

The NTAS Alert may take one of 2 forms:

1) Elevated - credible threat but only general information about timing and target. 2) Imminent - credible, specific and impending in the very near term.

Typically, 4 steps are involved when dissatisfaction degenerates into formal grievances. List them.

1) First step, the supervisor receives the complaint, often the issue can be resolved at this level. Reasonableness and fairness should be used. If it isn't settled here, it becomes a formal grievance. 2) Second step, the complaint is referred to an intermediate level of management for resolution. 3) Third step, should disagreement continue, the grievance is transmitted to the top level of management within the organization. 4) Fourth, voluntary arbitration. 90% of grievances brought to an arbitration hearing involve discipline brought against an officer. THE FIRST STEP in the procedure is most critical.

Ideally, every leader should possess the following traits:

1) Friendliness, sincerity, affection for others, and personal warmth ( a sincere expression of pleasure when greeting someone has immeasurable value), 2) Enthusiasm for the job and all it entails, 3) Ambition, 4) Energy and vitality, 5) Moral and physical integrity (Our VALUES -- the core beliefs that drive our behavior -- determine our character, our ethics, and our potential as a leader), 6) Intelligence (have highly developed abilities to see all sides of a question and draw commonsense conclusions from the evidence at hand), 7) Technical skills (teaching skill, which often takes the place of order giving), 8) Faith, 9) Verbal aptitude (the most successful leaders are verbally capable. They are persuasive and tactful), 10) Courtesy (politeness is a civility that must be practiced at all times), 11) Modesty

The American Management Association cites some basic tips to help supervisors better manage Conflict. What are they?

1) Identify the source of the conflict 2) Look beyond the incident 3) Request solutions 4) Identify solutions both disputants can support 5) Agreement

What is the 5 step method of teaching?

1) Introduction, 2) Presentation, 3) Review, 4) Application, 5) Test

What 3 broad areas can the supervisor's job be categorized into?

1) LEADING, 2) DIRECTING, 3) CONTROLLING.

What are the basic organizational structures?

1) Line Organization, 2) Functional Organization, Line and Staff Organization.

Supervisors should transmit the following information:

1) Nature of the incident 2) Type and size of the incident. 3) Location of the incident and type of area and property involved. 4) Potential effect of the incident on persons or property. 5) Unusual circumstances present. 6) Need for evacuation. 7) Antilooting measures required. 8) Need for outside or traffic perimeter. 9) Need for inside perimeter. 10) Personnel needs. 11) Command post location and location of staging area for personnel and emergency support 12) Emergency equipment and personnel needed and routes available for their use into and out of the area. 13) Equipment, supplies, and facilities needed. 14) Number of persons injured or dead. 15) ambulances or hospital facilities needed. 16) Additional (search dogs, choppers, ammo, etc.)

Components of the IACP Domestic Violence Policy include:

1) Prevention and Training 2) Early Warning and Intervention 3) Incident Response Protocols 4) Victim Safety and Protection 5) Post-Incident Administrative and Criminal Decisions

What are the types of Complaints?

1) Primary Complaints, Anonymous Complaints, Complaints from Intox persons, and Second-Party Complaints. Primary complaints come directly from the victim of the misconduct. Second-party are made from someone on the victim's behalf. Investigator should insist on interviewing the complainant personally to obtain a firsthand account. Anonymous should be treated with the greatest caution and discretion. No agency can afford the risks of rejecting a complaint for lack of merit solely because it comes from an anonymous source. Persons making complaints while intoxicated should always be reinterviewed when they are sober.

What are the different types of Plans?

1) Procedural plans, 2) Tactical plans, 3) Operational plans, 4) Auxiliary services plans, 5) Fiscal plans.

What are the 4 Readiness Styles according to Hersey and Blanchard with regards to Situational Leadership?

1) Readiness Style 1: Telling. Used when the workers are unable to do the job and unwilling to try. Telling is high in task behavior but low in relationship behavior. Ex. Rookie and insecure about doing CPR. 2) Readiness Style 2: Selling. Used when the workers are unable to do the job but are willing or confident. It is high in task behavior and high in relationship behavior. Ex. New ofc with traffic tickets. Eager but need tips. 3) Readiness Style 3: Participating. Used when the workers are very capable but unwilling. It is low in task behavior and high in relationship behavior. Ex. Squad of experienced ofcs but dont like new directive. 4) Readiness Style 4: Delegating. Used when workers are very capable and very willing. It is low in task behavior and low in relationship behavior. Ex. Experienced set of detectives.

What are the 4 Main Exceptions to the Miranda Rule?

1) Routine Booking Exception 2) Routine Traffic stops for traffic violations exception 3) Unsolicited Statements (excited utterance) 4) Public Safety Exception

What are the 4 Exceptions to Miranda?

1) Routine Booking Exception (biographical info for the arrest and booking process), 2) Routine Traffic Stops (traffic stop is temporary and does not require Miranda), 3) Unsolicited Statements (Excited Utterance, mirandize them afterwards), 4) Public Safety Exception (if there is a threat to public safety, you can bypass Miranda as found in NY v Quarles).

What are the preliminary operations that a supervisor should perform on a hostage or barricaded suspect case?

1) Secure premises. 2) Set up command post. 3) Attend to injured persons. 4) Set up communications (notify headquarters). 5) Add personnel support (only personnel reasonably needed at scene should be requested. Special teams thoroughly briefed and positioned.) 6) Obtain special equipment 7) Set up the staging area. 8) Identify officers as they report (secure escape routes without exposing them to crossfire). 9) Perform evacuation. 10) Obtain field intelligence. 11) Communicate with the barricaded person.

What are the 6 Assumptions of Andragogy?

1) Self-concept - adults want to know what it is that needs to be learned and how. 2) Experience - adults have a variety of life experiences to bring to the learning table. 3) Readiness to learn depends on need - want the information presented to be useful to their particular situation. 4) Problem-centered focus - want to be able to see and feel the results of what is being learned. 5) Internal motivation - adults are more motivated by internal factors, such as self esteem and self-satisfaction. 6) Adults need to know why they need to learn something - what's in it for them.

McGhee and Wittry offer 4 key factors for processing and organizing your email more efficiently

1) Set up a single and effective email reference system - understand the difference between Reference Information and Action Information. Reference Info is info that is not required to complete an immediate action; it is info you keep in case you need it later. Action info is info you must have to complete an action. Stored either on your to do list or your calendar. Sometimes as much as 1/3 of your email is reference info so it is essential to transfer messages from your inbox into your email reference system. 2) Schedule uninterrupted time to process and organize email 3) Process one item at a time, starting at the top 4) Use the Four Ds for decision making model Take action with your emails by using the 4 Ds

What can a supervisor do to largely determine the success of the police mission in containing the effects of the unusual occurrence or critical incident?

1) The accuracy of their evaluations of the field intelligence conveyed to them by field units, 2) the correctness of their appraisals of occurrences, 3) the effectiveness of their initial actions in deploying and directing the efforts of control personnel.

Aggression has two main functions, what are they?

1) The first involves the extraction of satisfaction from the outside world in the drive toward a goal that is blocked. 2) the second involves a desire to hurt or destroy the source of the pain, those who are or are the symbol of the barrier. Tests show that when a need is thwarted the frustration that occurs is likely to persist long after the original frustration producing stimuli have ceased.

For Disciplinary Action Interviews, employees should ordinarily be interviewed in what two settings?

1) They should be interviewed during the investigation. 2) They should be informed of the findings, conclusions, recommendations, and penalty as soon as possible after it has been resolved. The supervisor needs to be reminded that the fundamental responsibility for direction and control rests with the immediate supervisor at the operational level.

In order to gain understanding, what 2 things must exist?

1) a sincere desire on the part of the interviewer to gain a better understanding of others, 2) and a forthright approach to the interview designed to make such understanding possible.

What are the satisfactions that the individual strives to fulfill?

1) affection, acceptance, and security, 2) sense of personal adequacy, 3) recognition as a personality, 4) opportunity for accomplishment, 5) opportunity for independence, 6) opportunity to obtain new experiences, 7) opportunity to possess something or someone.

Depression is often masked with what?

1) alcohol or drugs, 2) working excessively long hours.

What are the 3 basic ingredients in effective counseling?

1) being attentive to what is said, 2) looking at the problem from the employee's point of view, 3) establishing a comfortable relationship during the session.

What broad characteristics are usually found in supervisors who excel in rating their subordinates?

1) can distinguish facts from feelings or impressions. 2) Base their ratings on objective data 3) careful to avoid committing the error of rating based on vague general impressions, and instead, make every effort to rate on the basis of personal individual traits. 4) are systematic and thorough in recording accurate data relating to their observations of employees throughout the rating period.

In disaster rescue operations, the police are responsible for what?

1) control of traffic at the interior and exterior, 2) provision of field intelligence on which control plans can be formulated, 3) protection of life and property from unlawful acts of others.

Guidelines for successfully making the transition from officer to supervisor...

1) educate yourself for your new position, 2) Look, listen, and learn about your new work environment, 3) Show a genuine interest in and concern for your employees, 4) Communicate regularly with your employees (MEET WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES INDIVIDUALLY AT LEAST TWICE A MONTH), 5) Lead by example, 6) Support management's policies and decisions, 7) Ask for guidance and direction when you need it, 8) Treat people fairly and with respect, 9) Do the right thing, 10) Enjoy the benefits the position brings.

What are the three traits that a supervisor must possess in order to provide LEADERSHIP for their subordinates?

1) honorableness, 2) courageousness, and 3) vitality.

Identifications made by police generally fall into 2 categories:

1) in-person identification such as a showup or lineup 2) photographic identifications.

Today's police leader is tasked with what?

1) maintaining order through the proper enforcement of the law 2) giving lawful orders to subordinates 3) building public trust through transparency 4) ensuring the constitutional rights of everyone they serve.

What Situational Leadership is based upon...

1) the amount of guidance and direction (task behavior) a leader gives, 2) the amount of socio-emotional support (relationship behavior) a leader provides, 3) the readiness (maturity) level that followers exhibit in performing a specific task, function, or objective. Developed to help leaders be more effective in their dealings with subordinates.

What are the 3 especially dangerous periods during a hostage crisis?

1) the initial 15-45 minutes when confusion and panic are likely to be the greatest. 2) during the surrender of hostage takers, when hair-trigger emotions, ambivalence, and lack of coordination among hostage takers and crisis team members can cause situation to go bad. 3) tactical assault to rescue the hostages carries the HIGHEST CASUALTY RATE.

Employee dissatisfaction and grievances arise from factors that can be broadly categorized into what 4 areas?

1) the work environment, 2) harsh, abusive, tyrannical, or inept supervision, 3) misunderstandings about policies and procedures of the organization, 4) management failures of various types.

What are the 3 main reasons for why written communications fail to achieve what is intended?

1) the writer fails to discriminate between fact and non-fact, confuses his communications by misinterpreting the data on which they are based. 2) writer fails to use the most specific and concrete words to make his meaning clear. 3) writer fails to support his conclusions by factual data.

What two occasions when the supervisors are obligated to become involved in subordinates' personal affairs?

1) when employees ask for help, 2) when the problem has affected the subordinates' performance.

What are the 4 Ds, which help you to process your emails?

1. Delete it - generally, you can delete about half of all the emails that you get. If you're not getting to it in the next 3 months, delete it. 2. Do it - if it takes less than 2 minutes, do it. You can probably handle 1/3 of your emails in less than 2 mins. 3. Delegate it - take 2 mins to delegate it if you can't delete or finish it in 2 mins. 4. Defer it - only you can accomplish it but will take more than 2 mins. Deal with it after you have processed your email inbox. About 20% of your emails have to be deferred. 2 ways of deferring it: either turn it into an actionable task or turn it into an appointment.

How many emails, on average, can people process in an hour?

100 emails in an hr so if you receive 40-100 a day, all you need is 1 hour to get through emails. Our statistics show that of the email you receive: 50% can be deleted or filed 30% can be delegated or completed in less than 2 mins 20% can be deferred to your task list or calendar.

Rating forms will usually list from 4 to 12 traits or characteristics that must be considered by the rater. Not more than ___________ traits relevant to the job performed should ordinarily be used for best results.

12. Evaluation reports for probationary officers of all ranks should be made at least ONCE per MONTH during the probationary period.

Alcoholism, as the most serious drug problem in the nation, involves how many persons?

17.6 million persons.

If after _________ thorough counseling sessions, the employee is not making progress, the supervisor should consider referring the person to a professional therapist.

2

When you decide to enter, an entry team consisting of ___________ to ______________ should be used.

3 to 5 officers. A cover team of at least 2 officers should also be used. The approach team will cover the windows and doors for the entry team.

Search Teams should consist of?

4 officers, or a combination of officers and volunteers. Search lines should be instructed to walk from 3 to 10 yards apart.

Reinforcing new information _______ times from lecture to application has been shown to improve recall from _________ to _________ percent after 30 days.

6 times, improve recall from 10 to 90 percent after 30 days.

Michigan v. Long

A Terry search may extend as a protective search to the passenger compartment of a car, if an officer possesses a reasonable belief, based on specific and articulable facts that the suspect is dangerous and may gain immediate control of a weapon.

What is Validity?

A Valid report is one that is an accurate measurement of the ability it purports to measure.

What is a motive?

A conscious or unconscious drive that prompts individuals to take action to achieve a goal. When motives are obstructed, frustration often occurs.

What is Negative Discipline?

A discipline that takes the form of punishment or chastisement. If positive discipline does not work, a negative type of action, punitive in nature, must follow to preserve the integrity of the organization. Delpo and Guerin describe Progressive Discipline as a system of escalated penalties made known to employees in advance and imposed with increasing severity for repeated infractions, normally 1) oral, 2) written, 3) layoff or suspension, 4) discharge.

Handling minor infractions includes what?

A discussion with the employee, a warning or admonishment when appropriate, a record of the incident for future reference, and a follow-up to determine the effect of the warning.

A follow up discussion with the subordinate may be necessary if no improvement has occurred. Such an interview should involve what?

A discussion, clarification of the misunderstandings that may have contributed to the incident, understanding of what is expected, suggestions for improvement, playback, warning when indicated, recording of results, and perhaps referral to higher authority with a recommendation for punitive action when circumstances dictate.

What is the doctrine of Respondeat Superior?

A doctrine that states a public entity is liable for the wrongful acts or omissions of its employees who are acting within the scope of their employment. This is the essence of VICARIOUS LIABILITY, which is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as "liability that a supervisory party (employer) bears for the actionable conduct of a subordinate or associate because of the relationship between the two parties.

What is a principle obstacle to good communications?

A failure to listen to what others are saying. Failure to listen results purely from a lack of effort to engage actively.

What are the basic psychological needs of an individual?

A feeling of security, a sense of adequacy, self esteem, and social approval. These have a vital bearing on the behavior of individuals.

Terry v. Ohio

A frisk is not automatically conducted each time you stop a suspect for criminal activity. Requires the officer to independently believe that the suspect is presently armed and dangerous. Not a full blown search but a pat down over the outer clothing.

What is the most obvious indicator that morale is slumping?

A general deterioration in the appearance of personnel, which is usually a gauge of organizational pride.

Behind the adage "actions speak louder than words."

A gesture, the display of an attitude, or an inflection in the voice will often convey more meaning than will the spoken word.

What is the best mark of good leadership?

A high level of discipline.

What is the ideal state?

A maximum of efficiency and satisfaction generated by techniques of positive discipline. Departments must have reasonable tolerance for mistakes of the head, not mistakes of the heart.

Personnel Evaluation Systems

A means must be provided to assess their level of performance in comparison with what is desired. Studies have revealed that the EVALUATION or APPRAISAL of employees is one of the most important parts of the management process!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Delaware v. Prouse

A motor vehicle, like an investigative detention, is based on reasonable suspicion, and the time must be limited to the time necessary to complete the investigation of the basis for the stop and to issue any related traffic citation.

What are Property Interests and Liberty Interests in terms of Procedural Due Process?

A property interest in their position is present when tenured employees have legitimate claims to their jobs as conferred by statute, contract, or existing rules, or understandings. A liberty interest is involved if the employer's action in dismissing them significantly damages their reputation or standing in the community or stigmatizes them to such a degree that they are unable to take advantage of future employment opportunities. (liberty interests only when suffered a damaged reputation and stigmatized to such a degree unable to obtain employment). Dismissal of nontenured employees itself probably will not give rise to procedural due process requirements unless it is based on unfounded charges that injure their reputation.

Step 3 of Teaching: Review

A review following each major segment of the presentation step ordinarily is desirable to help fix the material in the learners' mind. Also, after the total presentation to tie it all together.

Use of Social Media.

A social media survey conducted by IACP found that 96% of police departments use social media in some capacity. More than 80% say it has helped generate tips and leads. 73% of agencies said it helped improve police-community relationships in their jurisdiction. In May of 2015, Obama released the 21st Century Taskforce, where it recognized social media and technology as its third pillar.

What is the theory of Negligent Retention?

A theory that states that a supervisor and/or agency might also be liable for Indifference to the retention of an employee who is known to be or should have been known to be unfit for the job.

Delaware v. Prouse

A traffic stop, like an investigative detention, is based on reasonable suspicion, and the time must be limited to the time necessary to complete the investigation.

The A-DIME is a problem solving method for a range of performance problems with the problem drinker. What does it stand for?

A- Analysis (review all relevant info, verify problems) D- Develop a plan (meet with employee, end on positive note) I- Implement (Initiate action plan) M- Monitor (follow up meetings, compare progress to goals) E- Evaluate (assess performance improvement, document, commend and praise)

Personnel Evaluation Systems provide supervisors with a means for measuring those __________________________ of their subordinates that cannot be readily measured otherwise.

ABSTRACT TRAITS. Important to remember that personnel rating systems are inherently unstable because the instruments are SUBJECTIVE.

Rao observed that __________ and ___________ in teaching are the greatest obstacles in the development of educational skills.

AIMLESSNESS and INDIFFERENCE.