Surveillance Systems
What are immunization information systems? (IIS)
Confidential, population-based, computerized information systems that attempt to collect vaccination data about all residents within a geographic area
Definition: surveillance
"the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data for use in planning, implementation, & evaluation of public health practice"
What is "syndromic" surveillance?
"the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and application of real-time (or near real time) indicators for diseases and outbreaks that allow for their detection before public health authorities would otherwise note them."
What are some advantages of IIS?
- Significantly reduces paperwork & staff time for schools, doctors, public health - Assists in reminding parents of needed immunizations - Allows public health to monitor immunizations
What are some examples of s/s (syndromes) that "syndromic" surveillance accounts for?
-GI syndromes -respiratory/flu-like syndromes -COVID-19-like syndromes
"Vital records" are managed in public health & typically consist of what 3 certificates?
-birth -death -marriage
What categories do death statistics file?
-cause of death trends -leading causes of death -life expectancy -socio-economic factors -demographic variation
What's the main objective of the NCHS?
-collects data from other groups, maintains statistics, and provides data sets
List some (global) examples of public health information systems
-electronic birth & death record system -disease surveillance systems -immunization information system -electronic laboratory reporting system -disease registries (cancer) -health information exchange -geospatial information systems (GIS)
What are a few examples for what "Rapid (Early) Recognition Disease Surveillance" would be used for?
-flu -food poisoning
Review: incidence vs prevalence
-incidence: new cases that develop during that time period -prevalence: people who already have it during that time period
What does the NCHS do?
-publish vital statistics @ federal level -obtains copies of data from state vital records offices
What type of data does NHANES collect?
-survey -objective: blood, urine, DNA -perform exams
What are some examples of natality data in relation to public health?
-teen childbearing -non-marital childbearing -pre-term birth -low birthweight -cesarean delivery
Where did vital "statistics" originate from?
-the need to track populations & their status (health) -the need to officially record lineage & thus ownership & entitlements
What does "syndromic" surveillance emphasize?
-timeliness of inbound data (real-time) -automated analysis -visualization tools
What % of deaths are registered fully electronically?
100% -all states have an electronic death registration system
What ages does the BRFSS report on?
18+
Which surveillance system is one of the best & most popular to use?
BRFSS
abbreviation: BRFSS
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
The BRFSS is administrated by which organization?
CDC
What does age-adjusted mean?
"equals the playing field" of the reported data d/t a wide range of ages from the initial data... -allows comparison among groups w/o taking age into consideration -takes age out of the picture to show a general concept when age doesn't necessarily impact the data
What type of codes are documented on death certificates?
ICD 10 codes
abbreviation: IHME
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Which surveillance survey use converted 18-wheeler trucks as mobile labs?
NHANES
Which surveillance system is comparable to BRFSS?
NHIS
How are the NHIS and BRFSS different from each other?
NHIS: -includes children -regional/state-focused instead of national like the BRFSS
abbreviation: NCHS
National Center for Health Statistics
Who is responsible for vital statistics today?
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) -part of CDC
abbreviation: NEDSS
National Electronic Disease Surveillance System
abbreviation: NHANES
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (*think: HANES underwear --> Fruit of the Loom --> nutrition)
abbreviation: NHIS
National Heath Interview Survey
abbreviation: NPCR
National Program of Cancer Registries
The IHME is an up-and-coming surveillance system. What's a big project that it's working on?
US health interactive maps via geospatial information systems (GIS)
Which university is the IHME based out of?
University of Washington
abbreviation: WHO
World Health Organization
"Syndromic" surveillance began in response to ____.
bio-terrorism after 9/11
abbreviation: COD
cause of death
What is a "con" of the BRFSS?
contains only survey data, not objective data
what does "statistics" mean?
data about the state
What's the main intention of "syndromic" surveillance?
detect a public health emergency ASAP
T/F: The WHO is a type of surveillance system.
false -The WHO reports a lot of data, statistics, health topics, & provides visuals, but it is NOT a surveillance system
T/F: The IHME only reports on national data.
false IHME provides global metrics but also works with the CDC
T/F: The BRFSS is more focused on physical therapy related things (vs public health)
false correct answer: it's more public health related
What are a few examples for what "Exposure/Disease Monitoring Surveillance" would be used for?
long-term data for -cancer -diabetes -COPD
Is BRFSS more national or state-focused?
national
Which medical provider works w/ NHANES and travels across the country to collect data?
physicians
According to FoodNet & FoodNet FAST, the most common pathogen contribute to food borne infections in TN in 2019 was _____.
salmonella
T/F: Disease surveillance was occurring during the days of the telegraph.
true
T/F: It's required that every pt w/ cancer is documented in the registry w/in the hospital & sent to the national NPCR.
true
T/F: Vital statistics records offices' responsibilities are defined by state = vary from state to state.
true
Does NHANES collect data on children?
yes