Sust sdg 11 sustainable cities

causes of shanty towns

- income inequality -lack of economic growth -povery -in migration -- mass urbanization -inability of formal markets

consequence of rapid growth

- population growth exceeds "coping capacity" of city (housing, schools, health services, infrastructure, water supply) leads to shanty towns (informal housing)

resource conversation and recovery act

- prevents hazardous waste from even being let out -need labels on your site, you need a plan for getting rid of the waste - purpose is to avoid repetition of bad practices

society affects of Greenfield development

-can eliminate valuable and agricultural land -promotes a more car dependent transportation system -requires new, often expensive infrastructure -further reduces habit -edges of cities, unlikely to have hazardous contamination -more sustainable to reuse brownfield land and make it useable again

impacts of land contamination

-groundwater contamination -surface water contamination -soil contamination -public health hazard -abandon urban properties and degration of cities

probelms with letting your city deteriorate

-hollowing out cities cetners -businesses dont want to come in a redevelop -urban waste land

what is a shanty towns

-illegal (no title to occupy that pieces of land) -high poverty -prone to disaster -low or no basic services -- aren't paying taxes so they don't get the benefits occur on flood plains or less valuable land

urban sprawl is bad becuase

-lack of public transportation - separated homes -long commute -no sense of downtown -to community gathering place -heavily dependent on cars -environemental impacts

brown fields redevelopment

-problem in us -industrial areas in urban cities who have left for other countries -these new centers create lots of hazardous waste = land contamination -then people srtated living on the land later which was very dangeruos for them and envionrment

land contamination sources

-solid waste -electronic waste -unused pesticides -PCBs -paint waste -leaking petroleum tanks -disposal of oil and gad -industrial waste -dry cleaning solvent

cleaning up hazardous waste sites

-superfund law: chemical tax to clean up old sites -strict liability (no need to prove someone is careless or that they knew they were spewing environmental waste. if u disposed it you're responsible)

SDG 1 1 goals and targets

-upgrade slums -expand public transportation -affordable housing -planing for climate change and energy

transforming water and stomwater

1. 4 mile run river in Arlington: confined flood plain with cement walls so they need to work with the connections of the river to its surroundings. improves air quality and access to river 2. daylighting streams: urban neighborhoods are built over streams that got put into pipes. but pipes cant handle stronger storms. bringing to streams back to daylight helps collecting floodwater. slows down flow of water

internal causes of megacities

1. income inequality 2. lack of economic growth 3. poverty 4. in-migration

4 main targets for designing and planning sustainable cities

1. water and stormwater 2. designing for climate change 3. innovations in transportation planning 4. brownfield redevelopment

External Causes of megacities

1. world bank/ MDC fund large scale infrastructure project 2. $$$ flows into LDC cities -- mostly capitol ones os country looks better 3. high tech (build factories) 4. encourages massive rural to urban migration

Future of urbanization

95% of urbanization will happen in developing world world is urbanizing (2/3 will live in cities in 2050)--> need sustainable cities

EPA definiton of a brownfeild

A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant

Case study Curitiba brazil

Wanted a subway system becuase of rapid urbanization but they didnt have enough funds Solution: bus rapid system: dedicated bus lanes, redesigned busses and bus stops to act like a metro stop

solution to urban sprawl = smart growth

build communities that are walkable and have amenities with lots of opportunities with housings and jobs. ex arlington is built around t stops. higher density housing around the transportation hubs

where is urbanization most pressing issue?

developing nations

hazardous waste after WW2

exponentially grew

megacities

pop >10 mill mostly in developing countries ex. lagos nigeria

metacity

pop >20 mill mostly in developing countries tokyo

brookly bridge park

provides access to water, outdoor play, family fun, gardens replaces browfeilds that used to be along the brooklyn waterway. survived very well during hurricane sandy since they used plants that do well with the salt water

brownfeilds laws

strict liability meant bankers were afraid to redevelop brownfeild sites because they were afraid of the consequences so states passed brownfeild clean up laws which protected people who were willing to redevelop brownfeilds (make a study and get it approved, then they would get insurances from law for developing it)

Superfund

tax to help clean up these hazardous waste sites these sites are off limits --> tend to be in poorer neighborhoods because property is cheaper around them

are populations in slums increasing?

yes because more and more people are moving to cities in a short period of time