Sybex CompTIA Network+ Unofficial

MPLS

(Multiprotocol Label Switching) A switching mechanism that imposes labels (numbers) to data then uses those labels to forward data when it arrives at the MPLS network.

RG-62

ARCnet (obsolete). Solid/stranded.

10Base2

Also known as a thinnet and can support up to 30 workstations on a single segment. Uses 10Mbps baseband, coax up to 185 meters, and a physical and logical bus with Attachment Unit interface (AUI) connectors. use BNC. coax; 10Mbps; 185m

Ethernet frame format: Preamble

An alternating 1, 0 pattern provides a 5MHz clock at the start of each packet, which allows the receiving devices to lock the incoming bit stream.

Transport Layer

End-to-end connection. Provides reliable or unreliable delivery. Performs error correction before retransmit.

10BaseFL

Fiber; 10Mbps; 500-2000m

FC connector

Field assembly connector.

IDF

Intermediate Distribution Frame. Located in an equipment or telecommunications room. Connected to the MDF and is used to provide greater flexibility for the distribution of all the communications lines to the building.

66 Block

Old analog telephone connections. 25-pair cable and is a standard termination block containing 50 rows.

Flow control

Provides a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender.

Demarc/ Demarc Extension

Short for demarcation. Is the last point of responsibility for the service provider. Often at the MDF. Usually just an RJ-45 jack that your CSU/DSu connects from your router to wide area network connections.

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (25). uses a spooled, or queued, method of mail delivery. used for sending mail.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol (161). collects and manipulates valuable network information. gathers data by polling the devices on the network from a management station at fixed or random intervals, requiring them to disclose certain information.

SMF

Single-Mode Fiber-optic. Single strand, sometimes two strands. Long distance.

SFF connector

Small Form Factor connector. MT-RJ and LC

100BaseTX (802.3u)

most commonly known as Fast Ethernet, uses EIA/TIA Cat 5, 5e, or 6 and UTP two-pair wiring. It allows for one user per segment up to 100 meters long , and uses RJ-45 connector with a physical star topology and a logical bus. UTP, STP; 100Mbps; 100m

H.323

(Video) (1720). provides a standard for video on an IP network that defines how real-time audio, video, and data information is transmitted.

10BaseT

10Mbps using Cat 3 UTP wiring. each device must connect into a hub or switch, and you can have only one host per segment or wire. uses RJ-45 with a physical star topology and a logical bus. UTP; 10Mbps; 100m

Ethernet frame format: Length or Type

802.3 uses a Length field, but the Ethernet frame uses a Type field to identify the Network Layer protocol. 802.3 by itself cannot identify the upper-layer routed protocol and must be used with a proprietary LAN protocol--Internetwork Packet Exchange, for example.

Broadband

Allows us to have both our analog voice and digital data carried on the same network cable or physical medium. Allows to send multiple frequencies of different signals down the same wire at the same time, and to send both analog and digital signals.

Smart Jack

Also called a network interface device (NID) or network interface unit (NIU), is owned by the PSTN and is a special network interface that's often used between the service provider's network and the internal network.

10Base5

Also known as thicknet, uses a physcial and logical bus with AUI connectors, 10Mbps baseband, and coax up to 500 meters. up to 2500 meters with repeaters and 1024 users for all segments. coax; 10Mbps; 500m

10GBaseLR

An implementation of 10 Gigabit Ethernet that uses long-wavelength lasers at 1310nm over SMF. It also has a max transmission distance between 2m and 10km, or 6 miles, depending on the size and quality of the fiber. SMF; 10Gbps; 10km; 1310nm

10GBaseSR

An implementation of 10 Gigabit Ethernet that uses short-wavelength lasers at 850nm over MMF. It has a maximum transmission distance of between 2 and 300 meters, depending on the size and quality of the fiber. MMF; 10Gbps; 300m; 850nm

802.6

Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

DNS

Domain Name Service (53). resolves hostnames

Collision Domain

Ethernet term that refers to a particular network scenario wherein one device sends a packet out on a network segment and thereby forces every other device on that same physical network segment to pay attention to it.

802.8

Fiber-Optic LANs and MANs

Application Layer

File, print, message, database, and application services. Provides a user interface.

Data Link Layer

Framing. Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames. Provides access to media using MAC address. Performs error detection, not correction.

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol (143). makes it so you get control over how you download your mail.

Network Layer

Routing. Provides logical addressing, which routers use fro path determination.

1000BaseLX (802.3z)

SMF that uses a 9-micron core, 1300nm laser, and can go from 3km up to 10km. MMF and SMF; 1000Mbps; 550m MMF; 2000m SMF

SLIP

Serial Line IP. created with the IP protocol stack and designed to work over serial ports and modem connections. outdated, replaced by PPP

SMB

Server Message Block (445). used for sharing access to files and printers and other communications between hosts on a microsoft windows network.

SIP

Session Initiation Protocol (VoIP) (5060/5061). signaling protocol used to construct and deconstruct multimedia communication sessions for many things like voice and video calls, videoconferencing, streaming multimedia distribution, instant messaging, presence information, and online games over the internet

10GBaseEW

mode of 10GBaseE supporting a link length of up to 40km on SMF based on G.652 using optical-wavelength 1550nm. this is another media type designed to connect to SONET equipment SMF; 10Gbps; 40km; 1550nm; SONET

10GBase-LW

mode of 10GBaseL supporting a link length of 10km on standard SMF. this media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment. SMF; 10Gbps; 10km; SONET

10GBaseSW (802.3ae)

mode of 10GBaseS for MMF with an 850nm laser transceiver and a bandwidth of 10Gbps. it can support up to 300m of cable length. this media type is designed to connect to SONET equipment. MMF; 10Gbps; 300m; 850nm; SONET

RG-8

Thicknet. 10Base5. Solid copper.

RG-58 A/U

Thinnet. 10Base2. Stranded copper.

Ethernet frame format: Data

This is a packet sent down to the Data Link layer from the Network layer. The size can vary from 64 to 1500 bytes.

Ethernet frame format: Destination Address (DA)

This transmits a 48-bit value using the least significant bit (LSB) first. The DA is used by receiving stations to determine whether an incoming packet is addressed to a particular host and can be an individual address or a broadcast or multicast address.

802.10

LAN/MAN Security

802.1

LAN/MAN management (and media access control bridges).

1000BaseCX (802.3z)

Copper twisted-pair called twinax (a balanced coaxial pair) that can run only up to 25 meters and uses a special 9-pin connector known as the High-Speed Serial Data Connector (HSSDC). Balanced, shielded copper; 1000Mbps; 25m

APC

Angle polished connector

802.9

Isochronous LANs

LC

Local Connector. SFF

568B wiring standard

1 to 3, 2 to 6, 3 to 1, 6 to 2

T1 crossover cable wiring

1 to 4, 2 to 5, 4 to 1, 5 to 2

802.17

Resilient Packet Ring

802.4

Token Passing Bus

568A wiring standard

1 to 1, 2 to 2, 3 to 3, 6 to 6

802.7

Broadband Local Area Networks

802.3

CSMA/CD (Ethernet)

25-Pair

Cable consists of 25 individual pairs of wires all inside one common insulating jacket. Not generally used for data cabling, just for telephone cabling, and especially for backbone and cross-connect cables. Feeder cable.

RG-6

Cable television, cable modems. Longer distances than RG-59; some power implementations. Solid copper.

RG-59

Cable television. Low cost, short distance. Solid copper.

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection

1000BaseT (802.3ab)

Cat 5, four-pair UTP wiring, and up to 100 meters long. UTP; 1000Mbps; 100m

1000BaseTX

Cat 5, two-pair UTP wiring up to 100 meters long. not used, and has been replaced by Cat 6 cabling. UTP; 1000Mbps; 100m

Presentation Layer

Data encryption, compression, and translation services. Presents data. Handles processing such as encryption.

802.12

Demand Priority Access Method

Session Layer

Dialog control. Keeps different applications' data separate.

Ethernet frame format: Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

FCS is a field that is at the end of the fram an dis used to store the CRC (Cyclic redundancy check).

FQDN

Fully Qualified Domain Name. also called DNS namespace, is a hierarchy that can logically locate a system based on its domain identifier.

802.18

LAN/MAN Standards Committee

LDAP

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (389). stadardizes how you access directories and its first and second inceptions are described as RFCs 1487 and 1777, respectively. newest version RFC 3377

802.2

Logical Link Control

MDF

Main Distribution Frame. A wiring point thats generally used as a reference point for telephone lines. Also considered the WAN termination point.

MT-RJ

Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack. SFF. TX and RX strands in one connector. Keyed for single polarity. Pre-terminated ends that require no polishing or epoxy. Easy to use.

MGCP

Media Gateway Control Protocol (Multimedia) (2427/2727). standard protocol for handling the signaling and session management needed during a multimedia conference.

Ethernet frame format: Start of Frame Delimeter (SOF)/Synch

The preamble is seven octets, and the start of a frame (SOF) i sone octet (synch). The SOF is 10101011, where the last pair of 1s allows the receiver to come into the alternating 1, 0 pattern somewhere in the middle and still synch up and detect the beginning of the data.

MMF

Multimode Fiber-optic. Shorter distance, faster speed.

NetBios

Network Basic Input/Output System (137-139). works in the upper layers on the OSI model and allows for an interface on separate computers to communicate over a network.

NTP

Network Time Protocol (123). used to synchronize the clocks on our computers to one standard time source (typically, an atomic clock).

RG-58 U

No Ethernet implementation. Solid copper.

Physical Layer

Physical topology. Moves bits between devices. Specifies voltage, wire speed, and pin-out of cables.

POP

Post Office Protocol (110). storage facility for incoming mail. used for receiving mail.

RTP

Real-time Transport Protocol (VoIP) (5004/5005). describes a packet-formatting standard for delivering audio and video over the internet.

Broadcast Domain

Refers to the set of all devices on a network segment that hear all the broadcasts sent on that segment.

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol (3389). a proprietary protocol developed by microsoft. allows you to connect to another computer and run programs using GUI.

110 Block

Replaced most telephone wire installations and also used for computer networking. On one side, wires are puched down; the other side has RJ-11 or RJ-45. Sizes from 25 to more than 500 wire pairs.

SC connector

Square Connector. Latched. SMF and MMF.

ST connector

Straight tip connector. Needs BNC.

Ethernet frame format: Source Address (SA)

The SA is a 48-bit MAC address used to identify the transmitting device, and is uses the LSB first. Broadcast and multicast address formats are illegal within the SA field.

1000BaseSX (802.3z)

The implementation of Gigabit Ethernet runs over MMF instead of copper twisted-pair cable and uses short wavelength laser. MMF using 62.5- and 50-micron core, utilizes an 850nm laster and can go up to 220 meters with 62.5-micron; 550 meters with 50-micron. MMF; 1000Mbps; 550m

Sampling-Size

The measured amplitude level in each sample is quantized by being given a value of the nearest measured increment. A computer will reproduce these values and play them back in the same order and at the same rate at which they were captured, producing a copy of the original waveform.

802.5

Token Passing Ring

TLS/SSL

Transport Layer Security / Secure Sockets Layer (995/465). cryptographic protocols that come in really handy for enabling secure online data-transfer activities like browsing the web.

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (69). the stripped-down stock version of FTP. no directory-browsing abilities; can only send and receive files

UPC

Ultra-polished connector

Baseband

What all LANs use. All the bandwidth of the physical media is used by only one signal. If multiple signals are sent from different hosts at the same time, we get collisions.

802.11

Wireless LAN

802.16

Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (also called WiMAX)

802.15

Wireless Personal Area Network

10GBaseER

an implementation of 10 Gigabit Ethernet running over SMF that uses extra-long-wavelength lasers at 1550nm. it has the longest transmission distance possible of all the 10 Gigabit technologies; anywhere from 2m up to 40km, again depending on the size and quality of the fiber used. SMF; 10Gbps; 40km; 1550nm

10GBaseT

standard created by the IEEE 802.3an committee to provide 10Gbps connections over conventional UTP cables. allows the conventional RJ-45 used for Ethernet LANS. It can support signal transmission at the full 100=meter distance specified for LAN wiring. UTP; 10Gbps; 100m

100BaseFX (802.3u)

uses 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber cabling up to 412 meters long and point-to-point topology. It uses ST and SC connectors, which are media-interface connectors. MMF; 100Mbps; 2000m