Systems Engineering

Performance Requirement 4

Impossible at any cost

Performance Requirement 3

Possible, but very costly

System Requirements

define a successful solution. know when to stop improving a design

Requirements

define the problem to be solved and establish the terms by which mission success will be measured

Critical event readiness review

is the project ready to execute the missions critical activity?

System engineering function

to guide engineering of complex systems

System Design

translates system functional architecture into a physical architecture. it creates a how for every what and how well

methods of verification

(DAIT) - inspection, analysis, demonstration, and test

5 baselines need to be linked and tracked over the project life cycle

(DARRS) - requirements, design, affordability, schedule, risk

Trade Studies

A formal tool that helps decision making, an objective comparison with respect to performance, cost, schedule, risk, and all other reasonable criteria of all realistic alternatives requirements, architectures, baselines, or design, verification, manufacturing, deployment, training, operations, support or disposal

Measure of Effectiveness

A measure of how well the missions objectives are chieved

Systems Engineering

A robust approach of the design, creation and operation of a system

Operational Readiness Review

Are all system hardware, software, personnel, and procedures in place to support operations?

Phase F

Close out - to dispose of the system in a responsible manner

Phase A

Concept and Technology development - determine the feasibility of suggested new system in preparation for seeking funding. Complete system requirements and definition review.

Performance Requirement

Defines HOW WELL an item must accomplish a particular function

System Requirements Review and/or Mission Definition Review

Do the functional and performance requirements and the selected concepts satisfy the mission?

Requirement Validation Questions

Do we have the correct problem? Do our requirements capture this problem? Are our requirements SMART?

Preliminary Design Review

Does the Preliminary design meet all the system requirements within acceptable cost, schedule, and risk?

Mission Concept Review

Does the proposed concept meet the mission need and objectives?

Phase C

Final Design and Fabrication - to design a system including its related subsystems and integrate them to create the system while developing confidence that it will be able to meet system requirements. Complete CDR

Requirements decomposition methods

Flow down, allocation, and derivation

Test Readiness Review

Is the project ready to commence with verification testing

Critical Design Review

Is the system design mature enough to proceed to full scale fabrication, assembly, and integration test?

Flight Readiness Review

Is the system ready for launch?

System Architecture Discovery

Leverage knowledge of existing architecture's to discover new ones

Dimensions of scope

Maangooc need, goal, objectives, operational concepts, mission, assumptions, constraints, authority

System Architecture Synthesis

Modifying or combining existing systems to satisfy stated needs

Test Verification method

Most preffered method, rely on use of elaborate instrumentation and special test equipment

Mandatory Requirement Characteristics

Needed Verifiable Attainable

Science-Based Deductive methods to support synthesis

Normative and Rational

Phase E

Operations and sustainment - to ensure that the operation is ready for operations. complete post launch assessment review

Art-Based Inductive methods to support Synthesis

Participative and Heuristic

System Requirements baseline

Phase A - approved system level functional and performance requirements

Functional Baseline

Phase A - the approved documentation describing the system functional, performance, and interface requirement and the verification required to demonstrate achievement of those specified characteristics

Allocated Baseline

Phase B - extends the top level performance requirement of the functional baseline to sufficiently detail for initiating manufacturing or coding.

Product Baseline

Phase C - describes detail, form, fit and functional characteristics. The selected functional charactersitics designed for production acceptance testing and production requirments

operational or as deployed baseline

Phase E - occurs at the operational readiness review. at this point the design is considered functional and ready to fly.

Phase B

Preliminary design and concept completion - define the project in enough detail to establish initial baseline capable of meeting mission needs. Complete PDR

Connectivity

Refers to the relationship of internal elements with one module to internal elements to another module, undesirable to have a high amount

Constraint Requirement

Requirements that capture operational, environmental, safety or regulatory constraints

Technical Review

Scheduled throughtout the entire life cycle of the prohect to communicate an approach, demonstrate an ability to meet requirements, or establish status

SMART Requirements

Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Traceable

2 Techniques of system architecture

Synthesis Discorvery

Validation

The process of confirming that a set of requirements, design, or system meets the intent of the developer or customer. Did we build the right system?

Requirement Validation

The process that ensures that the set of requirements are correct, complete, and consistent

Noise Parameters

Variables not under your control

System Baseline

a complete description including the latest requirements, designs, constraints, assumptions, interfaces, resource allocations and team responsibilities at the time the baseline is created

Concept of Operations

a description on how the system will be operated during the mission phases in order to meet stakeholder requirements

Requirement flow down

a direct transfer since a subsystem provides capabilities

trade Tree

a graphical method of capturing alternatives with multiple variables. they are common decision-support tools that are used throughout the project lifecycle to capture and help assess alternatives

Coupling

a measure of relative dependence or information shared between subsystems

Cohesion

a measure of the similarity of tasks performed within a subsystem

Requirement Allocation

a quantitative apportionment from a higher level to a lower level and for which the unit measure remains the same

Measure of Performance

a quantitative measure that when met be design silutions will ensure MOE for the product or system will be satisfied

Performance Requirement 2

about maximum performance per cost point, good place to be

Pre-Phase A

also known as concept studies, its to produce a broad spectrum of ideas and alternatives for missions from which new projects can be selected. Complete mission concept review

Baseline

an agreed-to set of requirements, design or documents

Post-Launch Assessment Review

are the spacecraft systems ready to proceed with routine operations?

System Integration Review

are the systems, facilities, personnel, plans and procedures ready for system integration?

Verification Requirements

capture how confidence will be established that the system will perform in its intended environment

Performance requirements 1

consider adding performance to provide relief for other subsystems

Balanced Solution

consideration of overall system risk, cost, technical maturity and robustness for each combination of subsystems

Functional Requirements

defines WHAT an item must do

As built baseline

describes in detail form, fir, and function of the system as it was built

Hierarchy of Negotiation

ensures a balanced systems design

Hierarchy of Traceability

ensures that the project is building only what is required and nothing more

Demonstration Verification Method

includes operation, adjustment or configuration or a test article. relies on observing and recording functional operation not elaborate instruments

System

integrated group of people, process and product that provide the capability to satisfy a stated need or objective

Configuration management

keeps track of all the requirements and what has been built and coded

Design of Experiment

method for determining the relationship between process inputs and process outputs

Phase D

system assembly, integration test, and launch - to build the subsystems and integrate them to create the system while developing the confidence that it will meet the system requirements. Compete Flight readiness review

Requirement Traceability

technique of tracking source and connection between requirements

Analysis Verification method

the evaluation of data by generally accepted analytical techniques which includes statistics, analysis, computer and hardware simulation.

System Architecture

the link between needs analysis, functional analysis, and project scoping. first description of the system structure. creating an architecture is the beginning of the system design process, its a recursive iterative process that begins with the problem statement, creates candidate solutions, assess their merits and chooses one

Verification

the process of confirming that a requirement or system is compliant. Does the system meet its requirements? does the system indeed meet this particular requirement? Did we build the system right?

Functional Analysis

the systematic process of identifying, describing, and relating the functions a system must perform in order to be successful. it does not address how the system will be performed

Life Cycle Phases

used to help plan and manage all major aerospace system developments.

Inspection Verification method

uses standard quality, no special equipment. includes visual check or review of documentation

Design Parameters

variables under your control