Teas

The ______ of organization should be suited to the writer's _____ and _______.

pattern , subject & purpose

nouns

person, place, thing, idea

Compound subjects joined by and generally take a ____ verb

plural

Plural subjects take_______verbs

plural

Periodic sentences

process of placing the most important words, phrases, or classes closest to the period.

Loose sentences

process of placing the most important words, phrases, or clauses at the beginning of the sentence followed by less important details closest to the period.

Transitions may use _________ to replace proper nouns.

pronouns (Jane read Beethoven's Ninth /Jane read it at night.)

name the 3 cases of pronouns

pronouns can serve as subjects, objects, possession

Everything in the essay should be ______ to the thesis.

related

Transitions may use ___________of sounds or phrases to relate topics.

repetition

Singular subjects take _____ verbs

singular

A thesis must be _____ because, it is the ________ of the essay.

sound, backbone

Pronouns must be related a _______noun

specific .... not vague

Six types of sentence variety are...

subordination, periodic and loose sentence, dramatically short sentence, active vs. passive voice, coordination, parallelism.

if you are writing in first person don't confuse the reader by....

switching to 2nd or 3rd person

Subordination can also be accomplished by using relative pronouns such as....

that, which, who, whomever, what

Coordination

the joining of grammatical constructions of the same rank (words, phrases, and clauses) to indicate that they are of equal importance.

subordination

the process of giving one idea more emphasis than the other in a sentence.

Who decides what part of the sentence is less important in subordination?

the writer

demonstrative pronoun

this, that, these, those

Endings should not use certain phrases...

"in conclusion, finally, in summary, as can be seen"

personal pronoun

(me,my, mine-1st) (you, yours, your-2nd)(he, him, hers, it-3rd)

indefinite pronouns always take a singular verb

-one words, -body words, each, neither, either

Writing an expository essay

1 Brainstorm/ cluster 2 Informal outline 3 Reorder outline 4 Revise thesis 5 Edit paragraphs 6 Final essay

Name the 5 steps of the writing process.

1 Pre-writing 2 Writing the first draft 3 Revising 4 Editing 5 Proof reading

5 steps of critical reading

1 Prepare to read the selection 2 Read the selection 3 Reread the selection 4 Annotate with marginal notes 5 Analyze and evaluate with notes

Name the 6 comma rules

1 commas in a series; commas to set off intro material / clauses transition words phrases (In addition, ...); 2 commas before and after words or phrases that interrupt the flow of the sentence; 3 commas between 2 complete thought connected by and, but, for, or, nor, so, and yet; 4 DO NOT use a comma with compound verbs use and; 5 use commas to set off a direct quotation from the rest of the sentence; 6 use a comma with certain material May 1, 1969

Name 5 types of fragments

1. Dependent- word fragments 2. -ing fragments 3. To fragments 4. Added detail fragments 5. Missing-subject fragments

A paragraph contains ___ ideas.

3

A thesis is one sentence with _____general ( not _____) ideas to be developed in the essay.

3, specific

According to "Models" paragraphs are ___-___ words in length.

50-250

Name some approaches that can be used depending on the essay topic.

Anecdote(personal narrative, analogy or comparison, quotations/ dialogue, facts/ statistics (argumentative essay), irony or humor.

________catches the readers attention and holds it.

Beginnings

What are the 3 main patterns?

Chronological, Spacial, Logical

Formal : It is ____

I

What is annotation?

In text notes, like a conversation with the text.

Where should a thesis occur?

In the beginning section of an essay.

participle

Is a verbal that acts as an adjective (the crying woman left the movie theater- present participle)(The frustrated child ten away from school-past participle)

An explanation or example of support always follows a ____________________

MAJOR IDEA

_______ is the arrangement of information in your essay.

Organization

good writing is ....

Purposeful, direct, communicates the message without confusing readers with the fewest words and relates to the thesis.

What should you do when you get an assignment?

Read several times identify tasks, identify who you are writing for and your approach , look for examples to support your argument use evidence.

What is the function of endings in an essay?

Serves as a conclusion or summary, inspires the reader to take further action, returns to the beginning.

proper nouns

Vero Beach

Where are transitions used?

Within sentences, between sentences, and between paragraphs.

adjectives and articles

a demonstrative adjective modifies a noun or pronoun / an article is when they refer to any noun in the group.

prepositional phrases

a group of words introduced by a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun

Transition

a word or phrase used to join the various parts of an essay together.

interjection

a word that expresses emotion

conjunction

a word that joins word or words groups

adverb

a word that modifies a verb, an adjective (weekly, early)

preposition

a word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word

adjective

a word used to modify ab noun or pronoun

Starting with these dependent words often leads to fragmentation

after, although, as, because, before, even though, how, if, even if, in order that, since, that, so that, unless, until, what, whatever, where, wherever, whether, which, whichever, while, whose, when, whenever ex: I won't leave the house. Until I hear from you.

Added detail fragments often begin with ....

also, especially, except, for example, like, including, such as ex: I love to eat starchy foods. Such as bread and pasta.

Coordinating conjunctions

and, but, or, nor , for, so, and yet

all pronouns must be refer to a particular noun called an ________________________

antecedent

infinitives

appear with word "to" and acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb (present infinitive -I like to debate.) (perfect infinitive- I would like to read the book)

Pronouns taking the place of a singular noun

are replaced by a singular pronoun

logical, order of importance pattern uses

argumentative

common nouns

beach

Subordinating conjunctions

because, if, as though, while, when, after

indefinite pronouns always take a plural verb

both, many, all

A thesis must be a ____________ __________________

clear statement

You should avoid _________ in other words , ________ your writing be _____and to the point, avoid ________ language.

clutter...... simplify....concise.....flowery

Consider your audience

consider who, tone, sentence structure, topic, word choice

Fused sentence

contains two illegal clauses with no punctuation ex: Johnny went to the store he bought eggs.

Comma splice

contains two main clauses illegally joined by a comma ex: Johnny went to the store, he bought eggs.

No __________________ or getting off topic is allowed in an essay.

digressions

Starting with -ing words can lead to fragments

ex: Ellen walked all over the neighborhood yesterday. Trying to find her dog Bo.

Missing subject fragments example

ex: Jane loved getting presents. But hated writing thank you notes.

Words that come between the subject and verb do not effect agreement

ex: The cans in the trashcan are rusty.

Starting with - to fragment statements

ex: Tim used chopsticks at the Chinese restaurant. To impress his date

Verbs agree with the subject even when the verb comes _____

first

Transitions are categorized by their_____________

functions

Essays proceed from _____ to ____ in the introduction.

general to specific

pronouns

he, she, they, we, it

helping verbs

help the main verb express action or a state of being (can, do, has, might)

Create a title good or bad

hook the reader, explain the subject, decide effectiveness

gerund

is a verbal that acts as a noun (Running is great exercise.)

verbal

is being used as another part of speech rather than as a verb (participles, gerunds, infinitives)

Transitions use ___ ___ or ideas

key words

Informal: It is ____

me

Sentence Emphasis or coordination

often a writer wants to place the emphasis on several facts or ideas in an essay. This is best achieved by giving each fact or idea a sentence of its own .

What is the most important unit of thought in an essay?

paragraph

Paragraphs begins with a ____ sentence.

topic

Thesis

topic or central message of the essay in one sentence

Major ideas are linked by appropriate _________ words.

transition

Name 3 transitional devices.

transitional expressions, repetition, pronoun reference

Beginnings should be appropriate for the ____ of essay you are writing

type

Endings must be appropriate for the_____ of essay you have written.

type

Paragraphs in an essay should be _________, ________, &_______ ________

unified, coherent, & adequately developed

spacial pattern uses

used in describing a person, place, thing

chronological pattern uses

used in personal narratives, descriptions of a process

verb

used to express action or state of being

Using a _________________ of sentences is the key to writing _______ sentences.

variety.....effective

Compound subjects joined by either..or, neither...nor, not only...but also agree with the subject closer to the ________

verb

Sentence emphasis or parallelism

when parts if a sentence are not only coordinated but grammatically the same.

Dramatically short sentences

when placed following a long and involved sentence, a short declarative statement helps to drive the point home.

interrogative pronouns

who, whom, which, what, whose

Active voice

writers may choose to use active voice when they want to emphasize the doer of the action

Passive voice

writers may choose to use the passive voice when they want to downplay or omit the doer completely

pre-writing

you select your subject and topic gather ideas and info and determine the thesis and organizational patterns you will use