TESOL Terminology
RT
A retweet , when you share the tweet of one user with all of your twitter followers
grammar
A set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages
cognition
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating.
ESOL
Eglish for speakers of other languages
accreditation of prior learning
It's a mechanism for recognizing and giving credit by a university/college program for knowledge and skills previously gained at a similar program and it is counted towards a degree
blended learning
Planned approach to learning that includes a combination of methods such as classroom, e-learning, self-paced study, and performance support such as job aids or coaching.
problem-based learning
Students investigate and solve a real-world problem. To do so, students must identify what they already know and what they need to learn, and then they find and apply knowledge. Problem - based learning often takes place in math and science class. It doesn't necessarily include a project at the end so it doesn't always take as long as project based learning
TTT
Teacher Talking Time
weak form
Unstressed form of a word (e.g. to /tə/ for /fə/)
genre
a kind of literary or artistic work
mentoring
advising people with less experience
constructed response
assessment based on written material constructed by a student.
adult learning
formal education geared to adults, typically over the age of 18, includes education provided by institutions of thigher education but may also include informal training of workers in the development of a specific skill set or knowledge
dissertation
is a required part of doctoral study, extensive essay also generally required at the completion of a doctoral program.
audio track
is any individual sound file on a cd or any other divice.
tutor
private teacher
demonstrating
showing how to do something by doing it as it is explained
horseshoe seating
students sit at the tables arranged in the shpae of a u
Twitter feed
the running list of tweets
computer based learning
using the computer for learning and instruction
student differences
1) differences in cognative development 2) differences in learning rate 3) differences in learning style 4) differences in emotional learning
curriculum mapping
1) teacher "maps" entire year's objectives, then plans activities to support, reinforce, evaluate & test the objectives. 2) includes major projects, benchmark testing & goals/objectives
time lines
A TIME LINE IS IN A VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF DATES AND EVENTS SHOWN IN CHRONALOGICAL ORDER.
role-play
A classroom activity in which students act out roles in a given situation
test-teach-test
A lesson design in which learners first perform a task, which the teacher uses to assess learners' specific needs. They are then taught whatever they need in order to re-do the task more effectively and are then tested.
annotated bibliography
A list of the sources used for research and a one paragraph summary of each source
test reliability
A method for determining the reliability of a test by comparing a test taker's scores on the same test taken on separate occasions. It is achieved when a test gives consistant results whoever is marking it.
aesthetic response
A reader's reponse to text. This reponse focuses on personal feelings and attitudes toward the reading selection
circle seating
A situation where students and the teacher sit in a circle ;it maximizes opportunities for students to talk freely with one another
teacher's guide
A supplement to a textbook which includes a collection of teaching materials, lessons, ideas, and activities to help you teach the subject.
true/false questions
A task-type in which learners read or listen to a text and decide whether statements are correct or not correct.
Lateral thinking
A thinking process that is about changing patterns and perceptions (often called right-brained thinking).
Mapping competence
Ability to organize and present information in a visual representation
Learning contract
An agreement reached between instructor and student regarding the objectives are to be reached in a particular learning period
Task-Based Learning
An approach that makes the TASK the basic unit for planning as opposed to the grammar, for example. The rationale originated in the COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH with the view that you learn a language by using it. Classroom interaction might involve a demonstration by the teacher and the performance by learners of tasks, with little or no FOCUS ON FORM. Or learners might perform a task then listen to native speakers performing the same task. The learners then repeat the task, incorporating any features they choose, effectively moving from FLUENCY to ACCURACY. Students attempt communicative tasks, teacher provides help and upgrades language. Students make a better attempt.
computer conferencing
An asynchronous communication medium in which two or more individuals exchange messages using personal computers connected via a network or telephone lines.
integrative test item
An item which tests more than one thing at a time (e.g. a writing task tests the students grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, spelling, etc.).
problem-based learning
Classroom activity in which students acquire new knowledge and skills while working on a complex problem similar to those in the outside world.
cognitive model of learning
Cognitive theorists recognihat much learning invloves associations estabilished through contigulty and repetition. They also acknowledge the importance of reinforcement although they stress its role in providing feedback about the correctness of reposes over its role as a motivator. Cognitive theorists
CEF
Common European Framework , is a guideline used to describe achivements of learners of foreign languages across Europe and, incresingly, in other countries (for example, Colombia and the Philippines)
networking
Communicating with people one knows or can get to know to share information and share advice
ESP
Eglish for specific purposes
ESA
Engage(boost) Study activate ; a typical lesson sequence when the teacher first boosts learners' interest in the topic , then presents the target language and then gives student's controlled and freepractice to use the language in the context.
EAP
English For Academic Purposes
EFL
English as a Foreign Language
ESL
English as a Second Language
open-book examination
Examination format that allows to access resource materials while completing the examination.
assignment return sheets
Forms used to provide written comments regarding assignments completed by students
responding
Giving feedback to the learner
task cycle
In TBL task sequence. where the ss plan the task, gathering language and information and then produce a meaning
distractors
Incorrect responses offered as alternative answers to a multiple-choice question.
open learning
Independently studying materials that are presented through an interactive video system, by a computer, from audio or videotapes, or from Internet training
content developer
Individual who creates and prepares materials used in a learning environment ; materials can be in print or electronic format.
Audio-lingualism
It's a methodology that involves learning by repetition of grammatical patterns, cue response drills, doesn't allow for creativity. Emphasis on drills and repetition. It is based on the formation of habits. DRILLED GRAMMAR
activation of prior knowledge
It's a stratage aimed at having students access their own prior knowledge in order to develop meaning by combining new information with their own prior knowledge: it is important because it helps students make connections to the new information they will be learning
convergent assessment
It's an assessment based on emphasizing the ability of the student to focus upon a clearly defined task (opposed to divergent assessment)
QR Code
It's sort of like a barcode, and it can hold almost any text, links, or information you want.
intensive listening
Listening to obtain information, solve problems, or persuade or dissuade
minimal competencies
Lowest level of knowledge or skill necessary for engaging in a task or admittance into a program
Learning and teaching strategy
Methodology and assumption an instructor uses to ensure learning outcomes
adverbs
Modfies verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or entire clauses, they often answer of the following questions: How, When, Where, Why, To what extent?
slips
Observable actions commonly associated with attentional or perceptional failures. Or an unintended error or execution of a correctly intended action.
asynchronous communication
Occurs when team members do not meet at the same time
educational background
Prior knowledge; Literacy skills; Previous schooling; background knowledge(familiarity with concepts)
concept mapping
Provides a visual framework for organizing conceptual information in the process of defining a word or concept. The framework contains the category, properties, and examples of the word or concept.
Twitter lists
Public lists that any Twitter user can create. They generate Twitter streams that include specific Twitter users.
competencies
Set of behaviors encompassing skills, knowledge, abilities, and personal attributes that are critical to successful work accomplishment.
M-Learning
Short for "mobile learning", m-learning simply means any learning activity that takes place on a mobile device.The word "mobile" is also relative; it could mean a laptop, a tablet, or something even smaller and more mobile, like a cellphone.
redeemable failure
Situation in which a student does not meet the necessary level but is still allowed to move to the next level.
advanced level
Specialized skills with expertise in a praticular area of practice
performance criteria
Standards for judging a performance or product.
project-based learning
Students create a written, oral, visual or multimedia project with an authentic audience and purpose. Project-based learning is usually done in English, social studies or foreign-language class.
inquiry-based learning
Students explore a question in-depth and ask further questions to gather knowledge. This method is often done in science but can be done in any subject area. The term "inquiry" has been around for years; some people say that problem-based learning is just the new term for the same thing.
chatting
Talking in real-time to other network users from all parts of the world
Community Language Learning
Teachers act as language counselors. The counselor translates what student says, records it and becomes the text for the next day.
TESOL
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
gap-fill
Test where chosen words are removed and replaced wıth blanks for students to fill in
oral skills
The ability to speak effectively one-on-one or in a group presentation
base forms
The base form of the verb is simply the form of the verb that you would see in an English dictionary. The "base form" of a verb is the same as the infinitive form (e.g., to do, to see, to excel, to pass, to test, etc.), without the "to".
Learning environment
The place and setting where learning occurs
reflective practice
The process of teachers' thinking about and analyzing their work to assess its effectiveness.
Target language
The target language is the language learners are studying, and also the individual items of language that they want to learn, or the teacher wants them to learn.
close reading questions
The use of a steady stream of questions to assess a reader's understanding in a reading such as •What has happened so far? •What details help you understand the characters? •What is this story beginning to be about? •What in the story makes you think that?
Bloom's taxonomy
There are six categories of cognitive(mental) objectives organized by complexity: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation.
meta-cognition
Thinkg about thinking of learn
GAFE
This acronym stands for "Google Apps for Education," a popular Internet-based suite of applications designed specifically for schools. It features email, document creation and collaboration, and many other tools that districts find useful.
bilingual dictionary
This uses translation from the target language into another language for definitions and examples
appropriacy
Using language to suit cultural context and meeting lısteners expectations; selecting subject matter, register and language suitable to a given context
self-correction
When students are able to correct language mistakes they have made when asked without help from the teacher or other students
anticipated problems
When teachers are planning a lesson, they think about what their learners might find difficult about the language or skills in the lesson so that they can help them learn more effectively at certain points in the lesson. They may also think about how learners´previous learning experience may affect their learning in a specific lesson.
Reply
When you directly respond to a specific user beginning with user name
simplified reader
a book where the language has been specially chosen so that students at a cenrtain level can read and understand
syllabus
a brief outline of the main points of a text or course of study
cohesion
a close relationship, based on grammar or meaning, between two parts of a sentence or a larger piece of writing (grammar / meaning)
dialogue
a conversation between two persons
extrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
debate
a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal
adult
a fully developed person from maturity onward
tense
a grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time
chorus
a group who says things at the same time
cue
a hint , a prompt the teachers used to elicit a response from the students
flip chart
a large pad of paper mounted on an easel.
straight arrows
a lesson sequence which goes in the order engage( create interest )- study -activate( by them selves)
instructions
a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it
Silent Way
a methodology developed in the 1970's where the teacher tries to remain as silent as possible, direting students themselves to find answers, make corrections, etc. It presented learners with simple linguistic situations that they were to observe and then describe in the target language, focusing especially on the actions they witnessed.
progression
a movement forward; the movement from one educational stage or developmental level to another
Web 2.0.
a new way of using the internet for collaboration and sharing of data among individual users
rehearsal
a pactice session in preparation for a public performance (as of a play or speech or concert)
bias
a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
interlocutor
a person who takes part in a conversation
plagiarism
a piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being your own work
guided reading
a practice where a teacher leads small groups of students through short texts to facilitate learning of fluency
meta-analysis
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
cloze
a procedure where a word or sords has/have been removed and the student must fill them in based on context clues.
reflection
a remark expressing careful consideration; activity of the person to consider a past experience or event and the impact it has had
module
a self-contained component (unit or item) that is used in combination with other components
topic sentence
a sentence that states the topic of its paragraph
question bank
a set of questions on a subject used either for study review or for drawing questions used on an examination
blog
a shared on-line journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies
a social networking and blogging service that allows users to send and read tweets (updates)
response
a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation
assessor
a teacher's role to evaluate the students' performance to show the students their success or shortcomings
achievement test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
aptitude test
a test designed to predict a person's future performance, aptitude is the capacity to learn
@
a way of refferring to another user, for example my user name is @florawonsun
Mentor
a wise and trusted guide and advisor
anaphoric reference
a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning
complements
a word or phrase that follows a verb and describes the subject of the verb. In 'John is cold' and 'John became chairman', 'cold' and 'chairman' are complements.
translation
a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language
errors
a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention
articles
a, an, the
meta-skills
ability to reflect on and explain a language
short-term memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
practical work
activities completed in a course that i intended to show how theories and general knowledge are applied
icebreakers
activities, which help introduce students and help them feel comfortable with each other
independent reading
activity of students reading material on their own.
added value
additional benefit gained by the use of specific factors in teaching, learning or administration activities
comprehension
an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a result)
dictogloss
an activity in which short pieces of language are read out loud to students at a normal speed. Students take down the key words and then attempt to reconstruct the passage from their general understanding of the text and from their own notes.
describe-and-draw
an activity where one students gives a nother student insturction so that they can draw a picture
story circle
an activity where student sit in a circle and pass their stories round in sequence, so that each student adds to each other student's story
Communicative Language Teaching
an approach to language teaching methodology that emphasizes authenticity, interaction, student-centered learning, task-based activities, and communication for real-world, meaningful purposes
computer assisted learning
an approach which uses computers to aid language learning.
self-assessment
an evaluation of your strengths and weaknesses
discussion
an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic
indirect test item
an indirect test measures the ability or knowledge about the target language or recognition of target language items rather than actual performance in the lg.
description of students
an integral part of many lesson plans ; it gives anidea of the individual student strengths and weaknesses as well as a picture of how the group behaves as a group.
curriculum
an integrated course of academic studies
mission statement
an outline of the fundamental propses of an organization
resource
any material that can be used by a teacher to achieve lesson objectives
task
any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
critical incident
any situation that causes unusually strong emotions that interfere with the ability to function
discourse communities
are any groups that share ways of communicating in terms of extablished routens writing formats
world Englishes
are emerging localised or indigenised varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in nations colonised by United Kingdom or influenced by the United States.
transformation items
are items (often in a test) where students are asked to rewrite sentences, using different words.
subjects
are nouns or pronounce which come before verbs in active sentences
follow-up questions
are questions students are encouraged to ask after some one has answer their previous question
employability skills
are the non-technical skills and knowledge necessary for effective participation in the workforce.
autonomous language learners
are those learners who can organize their own learning without necessarily needing a teacher to guide them.
extra activities
are those that fall outside the realm of the normal curriculum of school or university education, performed by studets
discovery activities
are those where student are shown language and asked to try to work out how it works ( grammar rules) for themselves rather than been told by a teacher, it is similar to inductive approach
information-gap activities
are those where students have different pieces of information about the subject and ahave to share the information in order for them both to get all theinformation they need to perform a task ; it is similar to describe and draw , jigsaw listening and reading
disadvantaged students
are those whose family, social, or economic circumstances hinder their ability to learn at school
lesson threads
are topics, activities, or language areas that crop up more than once in a lesson sequence.
language functions
are ways in which we do or perform certain things such as apolozing, inviting and suggestng
determiners
are words that limit the noun or adjectives that follow (a, an, and the) demonstratives (this, that, those) possessives (my, your, his/her/its, our their
access/accessibility
arrangements provided to ensure the opportunity for individuals to participate in and institution. Often refers to the arrangement offered to students with disabilities to ensure maximum oppertunity.
divergent assessment
assessment based on emphasizing the ability of a student to develop additional skills than through specified in a task(opposed to convergent assessment)
peer assessment
assessment by students of their classmates' products or performances
sound effects
audio effects other than music or speech that are enhanced or artificially created and added in postproduction
elementary level
beginner level
board
black boards and whiteboards are found on the fornt wall of most classrooms. Teachers and studets wrte, draw on them.
role-card
card containing information about role: charater, attitude If clear, provides secure path for learner
personal development
changes in personality that take place as one grows
brainstorming
coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possilble in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas
fill-in
complete by writing in a blank space
discourse
conversation, a text written a spoken bigger than a sentence, usually a pharagraph
Learning logs
daily records of what students have learned
aspect
describes whether the action of a verb is ongoing or complete. There is continuous perfect or simple aspect.
DM
direct message - youcan only direct message to someone you follow.You can preyour tweet with DM @ florawonsun , for example
dual mode delivery
education or training that canbe provided either in a face-to-face format or in a distance education format.
hypertext
eletronic document that contains hyper links
Grammar-Translation
emphasis on reading and writing; stress on isolated grammar structure and vocabulary list; use of L1 to explain and translate L2.
developmental errors
errors made when learning a language based on the speaker's incorrect inference of grammatical rules, for example in acquiring English a learner may say "he goed" instead of "he went"
qualitative assessment
evaluation process based on characteristics that do not use numerical measures; assessment based on personal of use, experience or opinion of the reviewer
appraisal
evaluation, typically a face-to-face meeting, of a learner's progress and performance intending to identify strength and weaknesses
discourse markers
expressions which orient the listener/reader to what will follow. e.g. well, anyway, right, I mean, you know
idioms
expressions whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up.
Affective domain
feelings, emotions and behaviour, ie., attitude, or 'feel'
peer learning
form of learning in which students are engaged in teaching each other material
keypal
friends who communicate using electronic media
cue-response drills
generating responses from cues, prompts or hints; accuracy is favored.
aims
goals, targets and objectives that teachers hope the students will achieve as a result of their teaching
clauses
groups of words containing a subject and predicate and functioning as a member of a complex or compound sentence
Learning groups
groups whose major purpose is to acquire more information and understanding of a topic.
buzz groups
impromptu groups of students which are formed to brainstorm ideas before discussion with the whole class
criterion referencing
in testing, using descriptions of what students should be able to do in order to determine the pass score. assessment based on predefind criteria
communicative activities
include any activities that encourage and require a learner to speak with and listen to other learners and perform language tasks based on real life situations. written&spoken both of them okay
cognitive domain
intellectual capability, ie., knowledge, or 'think'
social media
involves electronic technologies that link people to networks and allow the exchange of personal and professional information as well as common interests such as product and brand preferences
diversity
is a commitment torecognizing and appreciating the variety of charactenstics that make individuals unique in an atmosphere that promotes and celebrates incividual and collective achieve
choral repetition
is a commonly used method of drilling. Students simply have to repeat words or phrases after you. This is a good method because it means that students are give excellent model prounciation immediately before they are asked to respond
AUP
is a document most likely produced by the school's Board of Education. It specifies what a district's staff and students may or may not do on the school's network. Students (and often their parents as well) are usually required to sign one of these at the start of every school year.
distance learning
is a formalized teaching system specific ally designed to be carried out remotely
Cloud
is a metaphor for on-demand storage space or computing power managed by a third party. storage space on the internet
distance education
is a mode of delivering education and instruction, often on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional setting such as a classroom
deductive approach
is a name given to procedures where students first learn rules and then try to make sentences on the basis those rules, it's the opposite of the inductive approach
action plan
is a set of directions that will help you reach your goal
freer practice
is a stage in a lesson where learners produce language using the target content freely. It can be compard with controlled practice, which involves learners producing the language previously focussed on in a restricted context.
acquisition
is a subconscious process, the effortless mastery of language through being exposed to it, rather than consciously learning it.
trimings
is a teacher's estimates of how long individual activities will take when they are planning a lesson
Differentiated Learning
is a teaching method that adjusts the presentation of the instructional material to better suite each individual student. While the learning goals are the same for all, some students learn differently than others, and so differentiated learning seeks to meet each student halfway, as it were, rather that force all the students to learn via the same method.
gentle correction
is a term used to describe situations where the teacher indicates that something has gone wrong with a hint or a nod but does not press students to correct it immediately.
exit test
is a test a student may be required to take in order to show proficiency in a class., in a major subject in college, or as in the case with high school to exhibit basic proficiency in math and English to gain a high school diploma
audioscript
is a text version of the audio contained in a media program.
discursive essay
is a type of essay that discusses a problem, a controversy or a recent issue.
Wiki
is a website that allows anyone to add, modify, or delete information from it.
Hashtag #
is a word or phrases preceded by a #. By using hashtagsyou can agreegate tweets around that topic. Harshtags help you focus on tweetaround a specific topic.
Adaptive Learning
is an educational practice which uses computers as interactive instructional devices. The programs adapt the difficulty and/or style of educational material according to the particular needs of each student (determined by their responses to questions and tasks in the program).
action learning set
is an educational process whereby people work and learn together by tackling real issues and reflecting on their actions.
Asynchronous Learning
is an example of "synchronous learning," where all students learn the same things at the same time and in the same place. Asynchronous learning is the opposite of that. Using the power of the Internet
extensive reading
is an id to language leearning, including foreign language learning, by means of a large amount of reading shich is expected to statistically increase unknown word encounters and associated learning oppotunities by inferencing,.
jigsaw listening/reading
is an information gap exercise. Learners hear or read different parts of a text, then exchange information with others in order to complete a task.
discrete test items
is an item that tests only onething at the time (for example, a verb form or the use of an article) is the oppoisite of integrative test items)
direct test item
is an item which tests the students' ability to do something , such as write a letter, or a make a speach rather than testing individual points of language ; it is the opposite of indirect test item
educational software
is computer software the primary purpose of which is teaching or self-learning
remedial teaching
is education activities aimed at removing deficiencies in knowledge or skills
Blended Learning
is exactly what it sounds like: a teaching method that combines traditional classroom instruction with online or mobile learning activities.
Flipped Classroom
is one in which teachers do not simply lecture to students for the entire class period. Rather, teachers work with students to solve problem sets or otherwise directly interact with the students. What would traditionally be a face-to-face lecture is then (at least in many cases) recorded and posted online for the students to watch as "homework." Thus the traditional-lecture-at-school-and-do-problems-at-home model is inverted, or "flipped."
graded reader
is one of a series of books ranked by grade level, reader level, or another level of difficulty. Graded readers are used by learners at specific stages of their learning to practice reading and to gain reading fluency.
LMS
is short for Learning Management System. An LMS is a piece of software that is capable administering, documenting, and tracking classroom activities. Teachers and staff often use LMS's to make their work more efficient, as well as to increase student engagement.
Podcast
is similar to a radio show: they're audio-only "shows" distributed not via radio waves, but via the Internet. There are podcasts on an unlimited number of topics, and many are educational and appropriate for students.
engagement
is the 'involvement' of the student through curiosity or emotion which means that they are interested in doing the activities.
Digital Literacy
is the ability to effectively and critically navigate, evaluate, and create information using a range of digital technologies.
Speaking skill
is the art of communications and one of 2 productive skills that must be mastered in learning a foreign language. Good speaking skills is the act of generating words that can be understood by listeners. A good speaker is clear and informative.
credential assessment
is the evaluation of one's diploma or degree by an institution(usually in a foreign country):this could include having diplomas or transcripts sent directly from a university.
stimulus
is the first stage in the conditioning cycle where the learner is encouraged or prompted to do something specific in order to get a reward if they give the correct response
boomerang
is the name for a lesson sequence which goals in the order engage activate in study so that the teacher gets the studets engaged before asking them to do something like a wrtten task, a communication game, or role play, based on what happens there the studetns will then, after the activity has finished, study some aspect of language which they lacked or which they used incorrectly.
adult and continuing education
is the practice of teaching and educating adults, it can take place in the workplace, through the schools of continuing education. This practice is often referred to as training and development
flexibility
is the teacher quality of being able to adapt what they do in a lesson, especially when faced with magic moments and unforeseen problems.
e-learning
is the use of technology to enable people to learn anytime and anywhere.
Digital Divide
is used to refer to a large gap in technology use between two groups. The two groups can be divided along economic, racial, age, or even gender lines.
activate/activation
is what happens when students try to use the target language to complete some kinds of task. It is putting their learning and acquisiton into action.
feedback
is what teachers tell students about how well they have done in terms of the language they have used or task they have performed.
cultural appropriacy
is when a topic, exercise topic or methodology suits the culture or a cutural background of the student and teacher .
cognitive effort
is when students are encouraged to think about what they are seeing, hearing or working on-rather than just repeat mindlessly.
solowork
is when students work on their own individually
back-chaining
is when teachers get students to repeat sentences bit- by -bit, starting from the end
guided discovery
is where points the students in the direnction of the language They are being asked to understand so that they are to find out or notice the language for themselves.
guided writing
is where teachers give students the shape and sequence of a piece of wrting and possibly some of the language they might need in order to complite the task.
semi-chorus
is where the teacher devides the class in half so that each half takes part in different episodes of choral repetition
Gamification
it's the making of boring, everyday, or ordinary activities into a game-like activity. iCivics is a perfect example of gamification;
objectivity
judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices
awareness
knowledge or understanding of a subject, issue, or situation
drill
learn by repetition
intensive reading
learners read text in detail with specific learning aims and tasks
independent learning
learning completed by an individual without the assistance of an instructor.
continuing professional development
lifelong, self directed, ongoing, systematic, outcomes-focused approach to learning and professional development
hyper links
links created in eletronic documents that allow a person to access another document simply by clicking the text or image. text hyperlinks are generally underlined and often blue.
extensive listening
listening material shich is longer than a typical class room listening text, in which students listen to for pleasure, (EL) is a way to improve your listening fluency.
1:1
means a school district or other environment (such as a lab) that has one computer or other device for every student, thus making the device-to-person ratio 1:1.
Digital Citizenship
means making good use of the Internet and having knowledge of how to operate web-connected devices safely while online. It also means that you can effectively use technology to interact responsibly with others to engage in society, politics, or other public discussion.
echo correction
means repeating back to the student what they said incorrectly, but this time with the correction
performance indicators
measure the degree of achievement of a specific objective.
tweets
messages on the Twitter platform
sounds
noises that you hear
sustaining motivation
nurturing and encouraging initial motivation
ellipsis
omission or suppression of parts of words or sentences
cognitive process
particular way of mentally reponding to or thinking about information or an event.
profile
personal information about a user that is shared on a social network
journal writing
practice of writing regularly in a book or other source intended to record one's ideas and experiences, create stories, or keep records of events.
group formation
process of organizing students in groups
journals
provide a way for students to respond in writing to a prompt by the teacher and to reflect on their own learning
flashcards
putting definitions on one side of a card and terms on the other helps commit the terms to memory, and makes them easier to study when preparing for test.
check questions
questions made to fix, confirm, test input given asked by the teacher to make sure that the students heve understood a new situation, concept, piece of grammar or vocabulary item.
open-ended questions
questions that allow respondents to answer however they want
skim
reading or glancing through quickly
general understanding
reading or listening for general understanding is similar to skimming and describes situations where we listen or read to get the gist of what it is about.
intrinsic motivation
refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, and exists within the individual rather than relying on external pressures or a desire for reward.
chants
repeated rhythmic phrases
accountability
responsibility to someone or for some activity
intonation
rise and fall of the voice pitch
work plan
schedule, timetable. The plan of work showing lessons as units and identifying what goes on each one.
behaviourism
school of psychology that emphasizes the idea that behavior can be conditioned through the use of stimulus, response and reinforcement procedures so that people will learn good habits from consitant reinforcement.
Learning object
self-contained chunks of training content that can be assembled with other learning objects to create courses and curricula
rough-tuning
simplification of the language, adapting language to become comprehensible
Cuisenaire rods
small blocks of wood of different sizes and colors used to demonstrate things like stress patterns and word order
icon
small pictures on computer screens that typically will access a program or fuction when activated by clicking with a mouse
coursewear
software and other computer based materials developed for use in a course
beginner
someone new to a field or activity
reward
something that is given in return for good done or received or that is offered or given for some service or attainment
counseling
something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action
references
sources of information
jargon
specialized technical terminology language of a group or discipline.
MOOC
stands for "Massively open online course." These are becoming more and more popular lately as several Ivy League universities have started offering some of their coursework online.
CMS
stands for Content Management System. CMS's are essentially software or web applications that allow you to publish and edit content from one central interface. They also usually allow for collaborative editing, standalone pages, and other features.
deep learning
students are motivated to learn deeply to satisfy their own curiosity, learning aimed at having student extract principles and underline meanings in order to integrate them with previously acquired knowledge(contrasted with surface learning)
action research
studies undertaken by practitioners in schools that address an actual problem or issue in the school or classroom
Media
term applied to agencies of mass communication, such as newspapers, magazines, and telecommunications
agency
the ability of a student to take responsibility and make decision regarding his/her learning
adaptability
the ability to change or be changed to fit changed circumstances
creative thinking
the ability to create;thought processes designed to encourage orginality in the development and elaboration of original and diverse ideas
repetition
the act of doing or performing again
accreditation
the act of granting credit or recognition (especially with respect to educational institution that maintains suitable standards)
exposure
the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience when students hear or listen to language , they are exposed to it.
pedagogy
the activities of educating or instructing or teaching
rhythm
the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements
ALTE
the association of language testers in Europe; is an association aimed at establishing common standards for the language testing process.
cultural background
the beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people
affect
the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion; the emotional factors that influence language learning
test validity
the degree to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure
range
the difference between the smallest in the largest
cognitive domain
the domain involved in the learning and storage of basic knowledge. It is the thinking portion of the learning process and incorporates a person's previous experiences and perceptions
informal language
the language of every day speech, may use contractions and slang
business English
the language used in a business environment
product of learning
the long-term changes in an individual's behaviour that results as a learning experience; end result of a process learning ; what one has learned
affective domain
the most intagible component of the learning process. Affective behavior is conduct that expresses feelings, needs, beliefs,values, and opinions
inductive approach
the name given to procedures where students come into contact to with the example of the language and try to work out how it is constracted , rather than having it told to then. IT is similar to guided discovery and it's the opposit of deductive approach
general English
the ordinary speech of educated native speakers. most literate speech and writing is general english
psycho-motor domain
the physical asppect of learning, manual and physical skills, ie., skills, or 'do'
tone of voice
the pitch and timbre of a person's voice
deadline
the point in time at which something must be completed
backwash effect
the positive or negative impact of a test on classroom teaching.
benchmarking
the process for identifying standards to use in comparison of practices, activities or institutions.
modularization
the process of breaking down a program into modules
browser
the program that allows a person to view a picture, text, animation,etc. (For example: internet explorer)
accuracy
the quality of nearness to the truth or the true value; is the degree of correctness which a student achieves when using grammar , vocavulary and pronunciation.
bandwidth
the quantity of information that can be transmitted through a communication medium in a even amount of time
inference
the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or maki9ng a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct obsevation, this is the meaning we get from someone's words even though that is not exactly what they say, it is the meaning behind the words
stress
the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)
editing
the stage in writing process where we look back at what we have drafted and make corrections , and changes to it.
formal language
the standard language of written communication, formal speeches, and presentations; may not use contractions or slang
authentic
the term used to describe texts or language written for native or competent speakers of language and which is not modified for second language learners.
halo effect
the the tendency to jdge an person based on a previous formed favorable or unfavorable impression
collocation
the way in which some words are often used together, or a particular combination of words used in this way
gestures
the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another
bibliography
the written list of all the sources used in a report or book
constructivism
theoretical perspective proposing that learners construct, rather than absorb, knowledge from their experiences
critical thinking
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
reviewing
to look over, study, and examine again
post
to put something up on a board for everyone to see; to display
attempt
to try , to make an effort
gist
understanding the text as a whole by inferring information
simulations
use perceptual cues to make artificial situations seem real
Follower
users that you follow on twitter, On twitter , following is not neccessarily a two way street. You can follow and they may or may not choose to follow you
key skills
vital skills necessary for a task or to gain employment including literacy, mathmatics, and basic computer skills.
triphthongs
vowel sounds in which 3 vowels are sounded in a sequence ex: beau, eye
story reconstruction
when different students are given different pieces of information (often in the form of pictures) and then, working together without the pictures, have to work out what story the different information tells.
coherence
when something such as a piece of writing is easy to understand because its parts are connected in a clear and reasonable way (idea)
acting out
when students perform dialogues, role-plays etc as if they were in a play.
differentiation
when teacher gives students in the same class different activities to do because they are different levels
isolation
when teachers seperate one small part from a model(sentence) to draw students attention to it. it's a ind of technique.
chorus reaction
when the teacher devides the class into two halves and each half speaking in chorus takes one part of the dialogue or responds in some other way seperately from the second half.
elicit
when we try to get information and language from students rahter than telling them
collaboration
when you work together with another person or group to achieve something, especially in science or art
cooperation
when you work with someone to achieve something that you both want
collaborative writing
where students work together to produce a piece of writing
instant writing
where we provoke students to write things (words or sentences ) immediately, rather than giving them time to think about it. Dsigned to give them writing confidence.
adjectives
word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun, such as "happy," "sad," or "pretty."
antonyms
words that have opposite meanings
synonyms
words that have similar meanings
false friends
words which sound the same in 2 languages but actually means something different
drafting
writing a first version to be filled out and polished later
Kolb's learning cycle
~learning model presented by david kolb which includes Concrete Experience (Action-Based) ~Reflective Observation ~Abstract Conceptualization (Interpretation) ~Active Experimentation (New Understandings)
