Test 1 ch. 3

Which of the following groups within society openly rejects, and may actively oppose society's values and norms?

a counterculture

Subculture

a group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle examples: skateboarders, vegetarians, and college students

Folkway

a loosely enforced norm involving common customs, practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance ex: coming to class prepared

Taboos

a norm ingrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion ex: incest

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the idea that language structures:

thoughts

Ways of thinking and acting reflect a society's

symbolic culture

Norms

1. specified to a culture, time period, and situation 2. can be either formal, such as a law or the rules for playing soccer, or informal--unwritten or unspoken

Examples of material culture

A smartphone and a house (NOT: a high school's dress code and the "five-second rule" for dropped food) automobiles, books, buildings, clothing, computers, and cooking utensils

language

A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds, gestures, and written symbols understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. MOST SIGNIFICANT component of culture because it is our primary means of communication

True of false: Culture is more innate than learned.

FALSE culture is learned

Is it easy for us to perceive our own culture and see how it shapes and defines who we are?

FALSE no

Norms can be categorized from least serious to most serious. Rank the following types of norms accordingly:

Least to most serious 1. folkways 2. mores 3. taboos

Sanctions

are positive or negative reactions to the ways that people follow or disobey norms, including rewards for conformity and punishments for norm violators

Subculture

at times, a subculture can influence the mainstream and become part of the dominant culture, or something that is dominant can change to a counterculture (tattoos)

cultural diffusion, cultural leveling, and cultural imperialism are all processes of

cultural change

Culture

culture is passed from one generation to the next through communicative interaction. Culture is not inherited.

Cultural ____ is the dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another

diffusion

When William goes on vacation to Germany, he sees older children having a small glass of wine with their parents while at dinner. William, who is from the United States, believes this is wrong. This is an example of

ethnocentrism

When a person uses his or her own culture as a standard to evaluate another group or individual, this is called

ethnocentrism

Material culture

includes the objects associated with a cultural group, such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork These are examples of physical objects that are important to a particular culture and are distinctive to that culture.

symbolic culture

includes ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communication) examples: dollar bill and American flag both are materials but what they are made of is not what makes them important

Counterculture

is a group within society that openly rejects, and may actively oppose, society's values and norms examples: religious extremists and white supremacists.

Which of the following is a component of culture?

material culture signs language symbolic culture all of the above

Which norm has the greatest moral significance?

mores

dominant culture

refers to the values, norms, and practices of the group within society that is most powerful in terms of wealth, prestige, status, and influence.

nonmaterial culture

signs, ideas, and gestures are examples values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms

Which perspective explores the ways in which components of culture such as norms and values contribute to the organization and stability of society?

structural functionalism Structural functionalism focuses on stability, order, and cohesiveness.

In Pennsylvania, there is a large neighborhood primarily consisting of Amish people, who live harmoniously with their non-Amish neighbors. They are distinctive because of the clothes they wear and the horses and buggies they opts to drive in the neighborhood. The Amish are an example of

subculture other subcultures include senior citizens, jeep owners, and snowboarders