Test 1 Practice

Which of the following happens during the fetal period?

The genitals develop

Which disorder may cause a person to have uncontrollable tics and explosive verbal outbursts?

Tourette syndrome

The chromosomal makeup of a typical female is:

XX.

What is a zygote?

a cell that is formed from the sperm and the ovum

A genome is:

a full set of instructions to make a living organism.

Fetal alcohol syndrome is associated with:

abnormal facial features

Every ____________ gene contributes something to phenotype.

additive

At what age does Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion occur?

adolescence

What research method is used in order to establish what causes a behavior?

an experiment

Epigenetic theory arises from:

biology, genetics, and neuroscience.

Which of the following substances, in moderation, has NOT been associated with fetal abnormalities? a) inhaled solvents. b) tobacco. c) caffeine. d) alcohol.

caffeine

Differentiation occurs when:

cells begin to specialize

Each molecule of DNA is called a(n):

chromosome

Down syndrome is a condition in which an individual has three copies of:

chromosome 21.

Which of the following is an example of an exosystem?

church

Pavlov's experiment in which he conditioned dogs to salivate after hearing a bell demonstrated what he called:

classical conditioning

Five-year-old Jada is learning to speak Dutch. In this example, what would be the primary domain of development?

cognitive

Chromosomes are molecules of:

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Each of Erikson's developmental stages is characterized by a particular challenge or:

developmental crisis

The stage of prenatal development that takes place during weeks three through eight is the:

embryonic

Throughout his life, Bronfenbrenner:

emphasized studying humans in natural settings

In the science of human development, "nurture" refers to:

environmental influences.

Which of the following theories places the greatest emphasis on the interaction between genes and the environment?

epigenetic

Development is the result of interaction between biological and environmental forces. This statement most closely describes:

epigenetic theory.

The microsystem includes:

family and peers

Low birthweight (LBW) is defined as a body weight less than ____ at birth.

five and one-half pounds

In which of Piaget's stages would one expect to see the development of an interest in ethics, politics, and social and moral issues?

formal operational

The basic unit on a chromosome used for the transmission of heredity is called a(n):

gene

The full set of genes for a living organism is called a:

genome.

A person's genetic inherited potential is called the _______, while a person's actual appearance and behavior is called the ________.

genotype; phenotype

What does the science of human development seek to understand?

how and why people change over time

Piaget was primarily interested in:

how children think

In an experiment, tests of significance are used to:

indicate whether the results might have occurred by chance.

A doula is a woman trained to support women going through:

labor

What is anoxia?

lack of oxygen during birth

Behaviorists are also referred to as:

learning theorists.

Behaviorism is also called:

learning theory

Carriers of the sickle-cell trait are:

less likely to die of malaria

The prenatal term "viability" means:

life outside the womb is possible

In Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage, children try to:

master new skills

Which of the following is not associated with Urie Bronfenbrenner?

mastosystems

The idea that change does not always occur in a straight line defines the _____ characteristic of development.

multidirectional

With age, people experience losses in some domains and gains in others. This is consistent with the ____________ nature of development.

multidirectional

Traits affected by many factors, both genetic and environmental, are referred to as:

multifactorial.

Most developmental psychologists believe that development is the result of:

nature and nurture working together

The Apgar scale measures the:

newborn's condition following birth.

Language learning is considered a:

sensitive period.

According to Freud, each stage of development in the first six years of life is characterized by:

sexual pleasure

The Apgar scale measures all of the following except: a) heart rate. b) color. c) size. d) respiratory effect.

size

What does "socioeconomic status" refer to?

social class

The age of viability is:

the age at which the fetus can, with specialized medical care, survive outside the uterus

The neural tube eventually develops into:

the spinal cord

A preterm baby is born ____ or more weeks before the full 38 weeks of a typical pregnancy.

three

A baby described as small for gestational age (SGA):

weighs significantly lower than expected

What chromosomal pair determines a person's sex?

23rd

How many molecules of DNA make up a chromosome?

46

What percentage of U.S. women experience postpartum depression?

8-15%

_____ genes influence the phenotype.

Additive

Social learning theory was first described by:

Bandura

A person with three copies of chromosome 21 has:

Down syndrome.

A major difference between Erikson and Freud is that:

Freud emphasized psychosexual development, whereas Erikson emphasized psychosocial development.

Which of the following is TRUE of the scientific method? a) Scientific studies should not be repeated, because this wastes time and resources. b) Research findings should be made available to other scientists. c) It is unnecessary for hypotheses to be clearly phrased. d) Conclusions should be based on subjective interpretation.

Research findings should be made available to other scientists.

Psychoanalytic theory originated with:

Sigmund Freud.

In social learning theory, modeling is a process by which people:

observe the actions of others and then copy them

According to behaviorists, almost all daily behavior, from combing your hair to joking with friends, is a result of past:

operant conditioning

The type of learning in which either a reinforcement or punishment follows a particular behavior is called:

operant conditioning.

All of the following occur during the germinal period except: a) cell differentiation. b) organ formation. c) implantation. d) cell duplication.

organ formation

What are the observable characteristics of a person, such as appearance and personality, called?

phenotype

The organ that develops within the pregnant woman's uterus to protect and nourish the developing prenatal organism is called the:

placenta

Most human traits are affected by a number of genes. In other words, they are:

polygenic

What is the first step of the scientific method?

pose a question

Which term describes feelings of inadequacy and sadness following the birth of a baby?

postpartum depression

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of LBW (low birthweight)? a) food insecurity b) increasing rates of assisted reproduction c) drug used. d) prenatal care

prenatal care

What can stem cells do?

produce any type of cell