Test 1 quiz questions gen psych

Which important development takes place during the formal operational stage?

Ability to understand abstract thought

What is it called when one changes a schema in response to new information?

Accommodation

An identity crisis is part of what time of life?

Adolescence

What gland primarily contributes to the fight or flight response?

Amygdala

Instead of socializing with large groups of acquaintances, Nancy spends her time with a few people with whom she is emotionally close. Choosing to keep a smaller social circle is in line with the:

socioemotional selectivity theory

While a _______ is a group of closely related phenomena or observations, _______ is a logical idea that can be tested.

theory; hypothesis

One reason for using random assignment is:

to help ensure that participant characteristics don't become confounding variables

Confidentiality requires that:

access to collected data be limited to research staff

What nervous system is responsible for activating the fight or flight response?

Sympathetic

_______ was an 18th century philosopher who, in the early years of psychology, argued that human observers acquired knowledge through their senses?

Thomas Reid

What is one reason why scientific psychologists follow a specific set of guidelines to help them make decisions when doing research?

To ensure they protect research participants from potential harm.

According to Baumrind, the __________ parenting style is marked by high expectations and control combined with high warmth and responsiveness.

authoritative

Gestalt psychology, with its emphasis on topics such as learning and perception, was an important early precursor to the rise of ________ psychology in America.

cognitive

The degree to which a study finding has been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life is called ___________.

ecological validity

The belief that knowledge is best acquired as a direct result of experience is called ________.

empiricism

What would be the best method for studying the effect of listening to rap music on aggressive behavior?

experimental method

What do emerging adults do that, according to Erik Erikson, used to be part of adolescence?

explore their identity

Peer relationships are an important part of children's social development. Peer acceptance is a source of affirmation and _____________ whereas peer rejection is a source of bullying and victimization.

self-esteem

According to Piaget, a child who is in the __________ stage of cognitive development would fail a task of object permanence.

sensorimotor

What role does adrenaline play in the fight or flight response?

Gives us energy

The Broca's area, named after neuroscientist Pierre Paul Broca, is associated with:

language production

Dina is currently indulging in her sweet tooth by eating an entire box of her favorite Swiss chocolates. Her actions, which are designed to bring her emotional pleasure and gratification, might be related to activation of her __________.

limbic system

People's basic survival instincts such as fear, aggression, hunger and sex are associated with the:

limbic system

dolescents often act impulsively. This may be because the prefrontal cortex typically develops slower than the:

limbic system

Which is not a precaution that needs to be taken when conducting survey research?

Choose individuals who will most likely support the hypothesis

What was Wilhelm Wundt's role in the history of psychology?

Conducted one of the first psychological experiments

What is characteristic of each of Erik Erickson's stages of development?

Crises

What is it called when neither the researcher nor the subjects know which group is control and which is experimental?

Double-blind procedure

What is the term for not being able to take another person's perspective?

Egocentrism

Erickson's theory was the first theory to do what?

Focus on the entire lifespan

____________ is important to obtain before starting a research study to ensure people know they are involved in the study, what will happen in the study, and understand they can choose to stop participating at any time.

Informed consent

Which of the following is the best statement regarding the relationship between different forms of validity in psychology research?

It is difficult to achieve high levels of both internal and external validity in the same research study.

In what way did the behavioral perspective in psychology differ with almost every other perspective to come before it?

It rejected any reference to "the mind" and focused on observable behavior as the only legitimate topic of the field.

Which of the following sentences best describes current thinking on the nature-nurture debate?

Most psychological traits have a genetic component but nature also has the ability to change even supposedly "fixed" traits such as height.

Which is not included as a mental process?

Psychological Disorders

What is the main problem with case studies?

Results are not generalizable

In order to determine causal effects between variables researchers use:

c. true experiments

Where are neurons located?

central nervous system

Emerging adulthood is characterized by possibilities, instability, self-focus, identity exploration, and ______________.

feeling in-between

Davina attends school regularly and has made great strides in her understanding of material in her science classes. Being able to reason more like a mature adult, Davina is in which of Piaget's developmental stages?

formal operational

One of the best ways to answer questions associated with the nature-nurture debate is to complete twin studies, especially with __________ twins.

identical

Before reaching identity achievement, adolescents will most likely need to go through which developmental stage?

identity moratorium

Operational definitions are encouraged in research in order to:

make terms used in a study as explicit as possible

The field of social neuroscience is best thought of as a combination of a _______ approach (using measures of the brain and body to study social processes) and a ________ orientation (seeing how the field can benefit the study of social psychology).

methodological; theoretical

The chemical signals that travel from one neuron to another, enabling them to communicate with one another, are called:

neurotransmitters

Antonucci's Convoy Model of Social Relations says that social connections are held together by:

perceived emotional support

What type of change in adolescence is fairly universal?

physical

What kind of research is traditionally considered to be the "gold standard" in psychology research?

the laboratory experiment

Which of the following represents an accurate pairing of a sensory/perceptual system to the appropriate lobe of the cerebral hemispheres?

temporal lobe - auditory processing