Test 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (Image Critique)
Which sinuses are best demonstrated with the PA axial projection?
frontal and ethmoid
Which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bone?
lambdoidal
A surgical procedure to remove a small portion of the bone that is impinging the nerve root is termed:
laminectomy
Which facial bone forms the majority of the hard palate?
maxilla
A small bowel series is considered complete once the barium has reached the___________. Select all that apply.
terminal ileum, ileocecal valve
Common bile duct
In this cholangiogram image, what does #6 represent?
This image demonstrates which angulation?
Valgus deformity
Ethmoid
Which group of sinuses is shaded (screened) in the frontal and lateral views of the illustration below?
B
Which labeled structure is the inferior articular process?
C
Which labeled structure is the pars interarticularis?
A
Which labeled structure is the spinous process?
B
Which letter represents the apex of the patella?
A
Which letter represents the base of the patella?
J
Which letter represents the intercondylar eminence (tibial spine)?
Which type of fracture is defined as being crushed at the site of impact, producing two or more fragments?
comminuted
An anterior wedging of vertebrae with a loss of body height but rarely causing neurologic symptoms is called:
compression fracture
Difference in density between adjacent areas of a radiographic image
contrast
Another term for the CML injury is:
corner fracture
Which of the following pathologies is best demonstrated with a radiographic chest procedure?
cystic fibrosis
What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?
10 degrees caudad
For a mortise view of the ankle, how much angle and which way is the leg rotated?
15 degrees; medially
For any trauma extremity, you must obtain how many views of the extremity?
2
What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?
37 degrees
The central ray (CR) for an anteroposterior (AP) supine, adult chest projection, should be centered:
3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch.
Which of the following terms describes the anterior fontanel found in the adult skull?
Bregma
A patient comes to radiology for a follow-up study of the cervical spine. The patient had spinal fusion between C5 and C6 performed 6 months earlier. His physician wants to assess the cervical spine for anteroposterior mobility. Which of the following projections would provide this assessment?
Hyperflexion and hyperextension projections
What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA?
Increased magnification of the heart
A radiograph of an AP axial sacrum reveals that it is foreshortened and the sacral foramina are not clearly seen. The patient was in an AP supine position, and the technologist angled the CR 5- to 7-degree cephalad. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?
Insufficient CR angulation
A radiograph of an RAO of the cervical spine reveals that the lower intervertebral foramina are not open. The upper vertebral foramina are well visualized. Which positioning error most likely lead to this radiographic outcome?
Insufficient rotation of the upper body
A patient is placed in a recumbent position facing downward. The x-ray tube is directed horizontally and enters the left side and exits the right side of the body. An image receptor is placed against the right side of the patient. Which position has been performed?
Ventral decubitus
B
Which of these labeled structures or bones identifies the navicular?
An upright position with the arms abducted, palms forward, and head forward describes the _____ position.
anatomic
Which of the following positions is often used to insert a rectal enema tip before a barium enema study?
Modified Sims'
A patient enters the ED with facial bone injuries. The physician is concerned about a possible blow-out fracture of the left orbit. Which one of the following projections would best diagnose this injury?
Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection
A patient comes to the ER with an open tibial fracture. Select all that apply to this situation.
Must obtain two views that are 90 degrees from each other, This is a compound fracture, Cannot manipulate body part for any reason.
ASIS (anterior end of crest)
Name the anatomy represented by the letter B.
Which plane is longitudinal or transverse and is not parallel to the sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane?
Oblique plane
Which of the following immobilization devices is recommended for an erect abdomen projection on an 18-month-old patient?
Pigg-O-Stat
A bruise type of injury with a possible avulsion fracture is termed a(n):
contusion
A patient comes to the ER with a left, lower posterior rib injury. A unilateral rib study is ordered. The patient is unable to stand because of multiple injuries. What are the basic projections taken for this patient?
Recumbent AP and LPO positions
What carpal is most commonly fractured?
Scaphoid
Reverse of a Colles fracture
Smith fracture
The position in which the head is lower than the feet:
Trendelenburg
Which term describes the primary center for ossification of long bones?
diaphysis
What is the most common projection taken during a bone age study?
left hand and wrist
Classic metaphyseal lesion (CML) is a fracture involving the:
metaphysis
A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the _____ plane.
midcoronal
The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar spine is termed:
pars interarticularis
The radiographic term projection is defined as:
path or direction of the central ray
A patient enters the ED with a possible greenstick fracture. Which age-group does this type of fracture usually affect?
pediatric
A condition in which excess fluid builds up in the lungs as a result of obstruction of the pulmonary circulation is termed:
pulmonary edema
The inner layer of the pleura that encloses the lungs and heart is called the:
pulmonary pleura
The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) is associated with and protected by the ____ bone.
sphenoid
Which cranial bone articulates with the other seven cranial bones?
sphenoid
Which cranial bone possesses the sella turcica?
sphenoid
What is the correct order of sinuses from posterior to anterior?
sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, frontal
The most posterior aspect of a typical vertebra is the:
spinous process
Which of the following pathologic conditions is defined as "a condition of the spine characterized by rigidity of a vertebral joint"?
spondylosis
The medial malleolus is part of the:
tibia
A patient is placed in a recumbent position facing downward. The x-ray tube is directed horizontally and enters the left side and exits the right side of the body. An image receptor is placed against the right side of the patient. Which position has been performed?
ventral decubitus
Mechanical obstruction that is caused by twisting of the intestine itself.
volvulus
Which of the following procedures is a nonsurgical procedure?
closed reduction
What is the largest foramen in the body?
obturator foramen
For a lateral elbow, the ____________ should be seen in profile.
olecranon process
The amount of lead required in the fluoro lead drape is__________.
.25 mm
The amount of lead required in a thyroid shield is____________.
.5 m
The amount of lead required in a lead apron is ___________.
.5m
What is the minimum lead equivalency (Pb/Eq.) a protective apron should provide when performing a C-Arm procedure?
0.5 mm Pb/Eq
Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the IR for the parieto-orbital oblique (Rhese method) projection of the optic foramina?
AML
What type of CR angle must be used for an AP axial (Taylor method) "outlet" projection for a male patient?
20- to 35-degree cephalad
On average, how many separate bones make up the adult vertebral column?
26
List the four bones of the pelvis.
2 hip bones, sacrum, coccyx
What specific joint is found on the lateral end of the clavicle?
Acromioclavicular
A fracture of the distal phalanx is called_________________.
Baseball fx
For a swimmer's view, the disk spaces between ___ and ___ should be seen.
C5-T3
What CR angulation is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the foot?
CR is perpendicular to the image receptor
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the lesser trochanters are not visualized. This pelvis projection was performed for nontraumatic reasons. What should the technologist do (if anything) to correct this on the repeat exposure?
Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and do not repeat the exposure.
A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of an umbilical hernia. Which one of the following abdomen projections would best demonstrate it?
Dorsal decubitus
A radiograph of an AP axial coccyx reveals that the symphysis pubis is superimposed over the distal end of the coccyx. Which of the following modifications will correct this problem during the repeat exposure?
Increase the CR angulation.
Which of the following positions or projections will best demonstrate the right axillary ribs?
LAO
Which general body position is the patient placed for a hysterosalpingogram?
Lithotomy
A radiograph of the left sacroiliac joint demonstrates it open and clearly seen. Which of the following positions was performed?
RPO
During a barium enema, which position demonstrates the left splenic flexure?
RPO
ethmoid
The cranial bone labeled i is the:
A mediolateral knee radiograph that is over-rotated toward the image receptor can be recognized by which of the following?
The fibular head will appear less superimposed by the tibia than a true lateral.
Amount of blackness on the processed radiograph
density
The central ray (CR) should be directed to the level of ____ for a lateral 2-year-old chest patient.
the mammillary line
Which term describes a misalignment of a distal fracture fragment that is angled toward the midline?
varus deformity
Where is the CR centered for a kidneys, ureter, and bladder (KUB) projection performed on an infant?
1 inch (2.5 cm) above the umbilicus
Where is the CR centered for an AP axial (Towne method) projection for the mandible?
1 inch (2.5 cm) superior to glabella
How many bones make up the facial bone region?
14
The central ray should be angled _________for an AP axial projection of the clavicle.
15 to 30 degrees cephalic
What type of CR angulation is required for the AP axial projection for the cervical spine?
15- to 20-degree cephalad
How much rotation from an AP position of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise projection?
15- to 20-degree medial
What type of CR angle is required for posterior oblique (left posterior oblique [LPO]/right posterior oblique [RPO]) positions of the cervical spine?
15° cephalad
The axiolateral oblique projection (modified Law method) for TMJs requires a ____ rotation of the skull and a ____ caudad angle of the CR.
15°; 15°
How many vertebral bodies are there in the cervical spine and thoracic spine combined?
18
There is/are __ type(s) of interbody fusions.
2
Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?
2 inches (5 cm) above the symphysis pubis
Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?
2-inch (5-cm) superior to EAM
How much CR angulation to the long axis of the foot is required for the plantodorsal (axial) projection of the calcaneus?
40 degrees
What type of CR angle is required for the AP axial, inlet projection?
40-degree caudad
How many tarsal bones are found in the foot?
7
What is the difference, in degrees, between the infraorbitomeatal and orbitomeatal lines?
7-8 degrees
A patient comes to radiology for a thoracic spine routine. The patient has a history of arthritis of the spine. The radiologist requests that additional projections be taken to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints. What position(s) and/or projection(s) would be ideal to demonstrate these structures?
70-degree oblique projections
How many bones make up the carpal region?
8
For an UGI series, how many hours should an adult patient remain NPO before the procedure?
8hrs
The intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are located at an angle of _____ in relation to the midsagittal plane.
90 degrees
The zygapophyseal joints for the typical cervical vertebra lie at an angle of ____ in relation to the midsagittal plane.
90 degrees
Which view of the elbow demonstrates the radial head free of superimposition?
AP 45-degree external oblique
A patient comes to the ER with a left, lower posterior rib injury. A unilateral rib study is ordered. The patient is unable to stand because of multiple injuries. What are the basic projections taken for this patient?
AP and LPO recumbent
Which of the following projections or methods is used to evaluate the pelvic inlet for possible fracture?
AP axial projection
Which view of the foot demonstrates the 3rd through 5th metatarsals free of superimposition?
AP medial oblique
Which of the following projections of the ankle will best demonstrate the open joint space of the lateral aspect of the ankle joint?
AP mortise projection
Which position of the foot will best demonstrate the lateral (third) cuneiform?
AP oblique with medial rotation
Which position or projection of the cervical spine will best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint spaces between C1 and C2?
AP open mouth
A patient enters the emergency department (ED) having sustained trauma to the pelvis. The patient's main complaint is about her left hip. Which of the following projections should be taken first to rule out fracture or dislocation?
AP pelvis
Which of the following projections will project the dens within the shadow of the foramen magnum?
AP projection (Fuchs method)
Which of the following landmarks is often easier to palpate to locate the lower abdomen on the obese patient?
ASIS
Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones?
Acanthion
A patient comes to radiology for a sinus series. She cannot fully extend her head and neck for the submentovertical projection. What else can the technologist do to produce a diagnostic submentovertical projection?
Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to IOML.
The direction or angle of the apex of a fracture is defined as_____________.
Apex angulation
Fracture of the bast of the first metacarpal
Bennett fracture
Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs enclosing the joints
Bursitis
Body of left ischium
C Represents:
What is the largest carpal bone?
Capitate
Painful disorder of hand and wrist from compression of the median resulting nerve
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Primarily seen in children 1 to 3 years old and is caused by a viral infection.
Croup
A cross-table lateral hip can also be referred to as
Danelius-Miller method, Axiolateral Inferosuperior, Horizontal beam lateral
A patient is lying on her back. The x-ray tube is horizontally directed with the CR entering the right side of the body. The image receptor is adjacent to the left side of the body. What is the radiographic position?
Dorsal decubitus
Which term describes the top or anterior surface of the foot?
Dorsum
A radiograph of a lateral projection (nontrauma) of the cervical spine reveals that the ramus of the mandible is superimposed over the spine. What could the technologist have done to prevent this?
Elevate the chin to place the acanthiomeatal line (AML) parallel with the floor.
Which one of the following technical considerations is most critical for demonstrating air and/or fluid levels within the cranium?
Erect or horizontal x-ray beam positioning
A common primary malignant bone tumor that arises from bone marrow in children and young adults.
Ewing sarcoma
A radiograph of an AP open mouth projection reveals that the base of the skull is superimposed over the dens. What positioning error led to this radiographic outcome?
Excessive extension of the skull
A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection for sinuses reveals that the petrous pyramids are projected into the maxillary sinuses. What positioning error is present on this radiograph?
Excessive flexion of head and neck
A radiograph of an AP mortise projection of the ankle shows that the lateral joint space is not open with the lateral malleolus superimposed over the talus. The talus is distorted. What positioning error leads to this outcome?
Excessive medial rotation
Area of greater trochanter
F Represents
Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. Wider and shallow (platypelloid) general shape of pelvis, obtuse angle:
Female
Which of the following cranial bones does not articulate with the parietal bone?
Frontal, Sphenoid, Occipital
All of the following are clinical indications for an upper gastrointestinal series EXCEPT:
Giardiasis
What special projection of the shoulder places the glenoid cavity in profile for an "open" scapulohumeral joint?
Grashey method
A patient comes to radiology for a sinus series on a cart (gurney). She is unable to stand or sit erect for any of the projections. Which of the following projections will best detect any air/fluid levels present in the maxillary sinuses?
Horizontal beam lateral
Along with the use of erect positions, what other technical factor is important to demonstrate air/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses?
Horizontal x-ray beam
Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection with a 37-degree caudad CR angle?
IOML
Cystic duct
In this image of a cholangiogram, what does #3 represent?
Which one of the following positioning errors most often results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position?
Incorrect rotation and tilt
A radiograph of a submentovertical projection reveals that the mandible is superimposed over the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eliminate this problem?
Increase the extension of the head and neck
Which position of the shoulder and proximal humerus projects the lesser tubercle in profile medially?
Internal rotation
Mechanical obstruction that is caused by the telescoping of a loop of intestine into another loop.
Intussusception
Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?
Ischium, pubis, and ilium
Accumulated fluid within the joint cavity
Joint effusion
A patient is erect facing the image receptor. The left side of the body is turned 45 degrees toward the image receptor. The CR enters the posterior aspect of the body and exits the anterior. What is this radiographic position?
LAO
Which of the following positions will demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine?
LAO
A- medial epicondyle B- trochlea C- coronoid tubercle D- radial head E- capitulum F- lateral epicondyle H- olecranon process
Label the AP elbow, A through H.
A- scaphoid B- lunate C- triquetrum D- pisiform E- trapezium F- trapezoid G- capitate H- hamate
Label the carpal bones A through H.
A- Air filled trachea and larynx B- Esophagus C- Thyroid gland D- Thymus gland
Label the image by matching.
A- acromion B- coracoid process C- inferior angle D- spine of scapula E- body of scapula
Label the scapular y-view, A through E.
Which view of the calcaneus demonstrates the calcaneus in profile?
Lateral
Which view of the tib-fib demonstrates the tibial tuberosity in profile?
Lateral
A patient enters the ED with severe trauma to the abdomen. The ED physician is concerned about bleeding in the abdomen with associated possible free intra-abdominal air. The patient is unable to stand or sit erect. Which position best demonstrates the condition?
Lateral decubitus
A patient comes to radiology for a follow-up study of the lumbar spine. The patient had a spinal fusion performed at the L3-4 level 4 months earlier. Which of the following would best demonstrate the degree of movement at the fusion site?
Lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion projections
A patient comes in with a clinical history of a possible pituitary adenoma. Because this is a rural hospital, CT and MRI are not available. Which radiographic projection or position of the cranium would best demonstrate signs of bony erosion of the sella turcica because of the tumor?
Lateral position
A radiograph of an AP knee shows that the joint spaces are not equally open and the proximal fibula is completely superimposed over the tibia. Which specific positioning error leads to this radiographic outcome?
Lateral rotation of lower limb
A patient with a history of pulmonary edema comes to the radiology department and is unable to stand. The physician suspects fluid in the left lung. Which specific projection should be used to confirm this diagnosis?
Left lateral decubitus
Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. More oval (anthropoid) or heart-shaped (android) pelvic inlet, acute angle:
Male
A- T1 B- First rib on the right side C- C4 D- Articular pillar or lateral mass of C3 E- Spinous process of C2
Match the letter on the image with its corresponding name of the body part.
A- Spinous process B- Lamina C- Pedicle D- Vertebral foramen E- Body F- Transverse process
Match the letter to the corresponding part of the lumbar vertebra.
All of the following are clinical indications for an esophogram EXCEPT:
Meckel diverticulum
Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the sinuses?
Midway between the outer canthus and the EAM
A radiograph of a lateral cranium reveals that the mentum of the mandible was cut off from the bottom of the radiograph. A 10 × 12-inch (24 × 30-cm) IR was used, and it was placed landscape. What must be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?
None of the options; all of the critical structures were demonstrated.
A radiograph of a posteroanterior (PA) axial projection (Caldwell method) of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one-third of the orbits. The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15-degree caudad to the orbitomeatal line (OML). How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?
None of the options; positioning was correct.
What is the date in which x-rays were discovered?
November 8, 1895
Which positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for a PA projection of the mandible?
OML
A- Odontoid process B- Posterior arch of C1 C- Body of C3 D- Zygapophyseal joint between C4 and C5 E- Body of C7 F- Spinous process; vertebra prominens
On the image, match the letter with its corresponding name.
Causes inflammation at the tibial tuberosity.
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow
Osteomyelitis
A reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue
Osteoporosis
For an oblique of the cervical spine, you are able to visualize the zygapophyseal joints. What positioning error led to this?
Over-rotation; positioning is too lateral
What is the name of the ulnar deviation view?
PA Axial Scaphoid (Stecher)
A 2-year-old child comes to radiology for a cervical spine series. The child is unable to hold still for the projections even with immobilization. Which of the following individuals should be asked to hold the child if present?
Parent or guardian wearing protective apron
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate deviation of the bony nasal septum?
Parietoacanthial
A patient's lower leg is in traction in the hospital bed. The orthopedic surgeon orders an AP mortise projection of the ankle. Because of the traction, the lower leg cannot be rotated. The leg is in a straight "foot up" position. What can the radiographer do to achieve this AP mortise projection?
Perform a CR 15- to 20-degree lateromedial angle AP projection.
A patient comes to the radiology department for a cervical spine routine. The study is ordered for nontraumatic reasons. The AP open mouth projection reveals that the base of the skull and upper incisors are superimposed, but they are obscuring the upper portion of the dens. On the repeat exposure, what should the technologist do to demonstrate the upper portion of the dens?
Perform the Fuchs or Judd method.
A patient enters the ED due to an MVA. He is on a backboard and in a cervical collar. The initial lateral cervical spine projection demonstrates C1-6. The patient has broad and thick shoulders. Because the hospital is in a rural setting, no CT scanner is available. Which of the following modifications would best demonstrate the lower cervical spine safely?
Perform the horizontal beam cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral position.
A radiograph of a lateral projection of the elbow shows that the epicondyles are not superimposed and the trochlear notch is not clearly see. What must be done to correct this positioning error?
Place humerus/forearm in same horizontal plane
A patient comes to radiology for a routine study of the cranium. He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection. What should the technologist do to compensate for this problem without creating excessive magnification of the occipital bone?
Place the IOML parallel to IR and increase the CR angulation by 7 degrees.
A complete fracture of the distal fibula with major injury to ankle joint is defined as________________.
Pott's fracture
A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20 degrees toward the image receptor. What is this radiographic position?
RPO (right posterior oblique)
Which of the following positioning terms is no longer considered valid in the United States?
Radiographic view
The patient is lying on her right side on a cart. The anterior surface of the patient is against the image receptor. A horizontal central ray enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface of the body. What specific projection/position has been performed?
Right lateral decubitus
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the left obturator foramen is more open or elongated as compared with the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph?
Right rotation
A radiograph of an AP knee reveals rotation with almost total superimposition of the fibular head and the proximal tibia. What must the technologist do to correct this positioning error on the repeat exposure?
Rotate the knee medially slightly.
A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed?
Rotation into the left anterior oblique (LAO) position
A radiograph of an AP open mouth projection of the cervical spine reveals that the zygapophyseal joints are not symmetric. No fracture or subluxation is present. Which one of the following positioning errors most likely led to this radiographic outcome?
Rotation of the spine
Sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament
Skier's thumb
Wrenching or twisting of a joint resulting in partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments.
Sprain
Which one of the following structures is not typically visualized during an operative cholangiogram?
Stensen duct
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the entire mandible with one exposure?
Submentovertical
Q
The transverse foramen is labeled __.
G
The superior articular facet is labeled __.
bregma.
The sutural point or area labeled d is the:
O
The vertebral foramen is labeled __.
Which of the following best defines or describes the vertebral body of C1?
There is no vertebral body at C1
Apex angulation
This image demonstrates which angulation?
Butterfly
This image demonstrates which type of fracture?
A radiograph of an AP KUB reveals that the obturator foramina are cut off from the bottom of the image. The kidneys and symphysis pubis are demonstrated. What centering adjustments should the technologist make to improve this image?
This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.
Mediolateral projection of the knee, but under-rotated toward the IR
This radiograph represents which of the following positions?
AP open mouth projection
This radiographic image represents which of the following projections and/or positions?
Why is the chin extended for an axiolateral/axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?
To prevent superimposition upon the cervical spine
Which of the following landmarks corresponds with the level of the petrous ridge?
Top of ear attachment (TEA) (EAM)
A patient is erect with the left side of his chest placed against the image receptor. The central ray enters the right side of the upper chest and exits the left. Which specific position has been performed?
Transthoracic lateral
A 3-year-old patient comes to radiology for an abdominal study. Even with careful instructions and immobilization, the patient is having difficulty holding still. Which of the following should be done to minimize motion on the radiograph?
Use a shorter exposure time
Which is an appropriate clinical indication for a barium enema?
Volvulus
Greater tubercle
What does letter B represent in this image?
Surgical neck
What does letter F represent in this image?
common bile duct
What does number 6 represent?
duodenum
What does number 9 represent?
Left colic flexure, Splenic flexure
What is demonstrated in this image of a single contrast barium enema? Select all that apply.
LPO
What is the name of the position the patient is in, according to this image of the lumbar spine? (Abbreviation is fine here)
RPO
What is the name of the position this patient is in, according to this image of the sacro-iliac joint? (Abbreviation is fine here)
Grashey method
What is the name of the view for this shoulder image?
Right lateral decubitus
What position is the patient in for this image?
Supine
What position is the patient in for this image?
Ventral decubitus
What position is the patient in for this image?
LPO
What position is this patient in for this image?
hyperextension
What position is this patient in for this image?
AP supine
What position was the patient in for this image?
PA prone
What position was the patient in for this image?
Left lateral decubitus
What position was this patient in for this image?
PA- radial deviation
What projection does this image represent?
1 inch (2.5 cm) medial to upside ASIS
Where is the CR centered for posterior oblique projections of the SI joints?
B
Which aspect of the Scottie dog is the pedicle?
A
Which aspect of the Scottie dog is the transverse process?
E
Which letter represents the navicular?
F
Which letter represents the pedicle?
K
Which letter represents the third or lateral cuneiform?
M
Which letter represents the tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal?
O
Which of the labeled structures is the superior ramus of pubis?
J
Which of the labeled structures is the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)?
N
Which of the labeled structures is the ischial tuberosity?
L
Which of the labeled structures is the obturator foramen?
Who discovered x-rays?
Wilhelm Roentgen
A patient shows up for x-rays of their right clavicle. The patient appears extremely obese (hypersthenic). Does this require a change to the angle for the AP axial projection?
Yes, it requires less angle.
Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones?
Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus
Which of the following is a condition of unknown cause in which calcification of bony ridges between vertebrae occurs, creating a lack of mobility with a "bamboo" appearance?
ankylosing spondylitis
Which of the fontanels is the last to close at about 18 months of age?
anterior
Most common in children and generally is caused by anxiety or allergies.
asthma
What is the name of C1?
atlas
A fragment of bone that is separated or pulled away by the attached tendon or ligament is termed a(n) _____ fracture.
avulsion
What is the name of C2?
axis
Along with the upper incisors, what other bony landmark must be aligned for the AP open mouth projection?
base of skull
The primary clinical indication for an operative cholangiogram is:
biliary calculi
What is the specific radiologic procedure to determine skeletal maturity?
bone age
A radiographic appearance of a well-circumscribed lucency within bones describes:
bone cyst
Which of the following fractures involves the distal fifth metacarpal?
boxers
The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the:
carina
Which of the following structures is considered to be most inferior?
carina
Which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or compensatory curves?
cervical and lumbar
What is the most common form of child abuse?
child neglect
On the opposite side of the body
contralateral
Misrepresentation of object size or shape
distortion
To decrease the angle between the anterior surface of the foot and anterior surface of the lower leg is described as:
dorsiflexion
Which of the following structures is NOT considered as a mediastinal structure?
epiglottis
A type I Salter-Harris fracture involves the:
epiphyseal plate
The ____________ is the cartilaginous area between the epiphysis and metaphysis.
epiphyseal plate
Which term describes the space between the primary and secondary growth centers?
epiphyseal plate
The ______________ is the secondary center of ossification.
epiphysis
The typical physical sign for a possible hip fracture is the _________________ of the involved foot.
external rotation
Which metatarsal bone of the foot has a prominent tuberosity most frequently fractured?
fifth
To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate the:
greater trochanter or symphysis pubis
Which of the following fractures is described as an incomplete fracture with the cortex broken on one side of the bone?
greenstick
Where should the optic foramen be located with a well-positioned parieto-orbital oblique (Rhese method) projection of the optic foramina?
in the lower outer quadrant of the orbit
For a lateral L5-S1 projection, the CR must be parallel to the:
interiliac line
Inside of something
interior
Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR with a true lateral nasal bone projection?
interpupillary
A patient is erect with the left side directly against the image receptor. The central ray (CR) enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position?
left lateral
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the right iliac wing is foreshortened as compared with the left side. What specific positioning problem is present on this radiograph?
left rotation
Electrohydraulic shock wave used to break apart calcifications in the urinary system is the definition for:
lithotripsy
Which procedure would an intramedullary rod be utilized?
long bone reduction
Which sinuses are best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?
maxillary
What is the clinical indication on a infant chest x-ray that has a ground glass appearance and usually happens during birth or right before birth?
meconium aspiration
Toward the center
medial
The vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves describes the _____ plane.
median or midsagittal
Which of the following terms describes the junction of the two nasal bones?
nasion
What is the name of the tarsal bone found on the medial side of the foot between the talus and three cuneiforms?
navicular
The neonate is defined as a child:
newborn
The abbreviation ORIF refers to:
open reduction internal fixation
Proliferative bony lesions of increased density.
osteoblastic
Destructive lesions with irregular margins.
osteolytic
What is the smallest carpal bone?
pisiform
Extending the ankle joint or pointing the foot and toes downward is called:
plantar flexion
The opposite term for supination is:
pronation
Difference in density between adjacent areas of a radiographic image
radiographic contrast
Which term describes lying down in any position?
recumbent
Which of the following is not a valid reason to perform chest projections with the patient in the erect position?
reduce patient dose
Which specific set of zygapophyseal joints is demonstrated with an LAO position?
right
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed:
scoliosis
A fracture in which the bone is broken into three pieces, with the middle fragment fractured at both ends, is termed a _____ fracture.
segment
Which of the following factors should be the first consideration in controlling motion for the pediatric patient?
short exposure time
Which one of the following clinical indications often requires the inspiration/expiration chest series to be taken?
small pneumothorax
Recorded sharpness of structures on the image
spatial resolution
What is the name of the projection in which the central ray merely skims a body part?
tangential
Which of the following bones makes up an aspect of the floor of the cranium?
temporal
The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed _____ joints.
zygapophyseal
