test 2

Above all, children, and the need to create a family once they are born are key. Several factors work to "push" women out of the workforce.

One is the phenomenon of the "hundred hour couple" where both husband and wife work overtime. They must hire nannies to care for their children. Husbands rarely leave work for home but wives often feel that work and career do not compensate for leaving child-raising to surrogates. A second factor that pushes women to leave work is what the authors call the "second shift." When they come home from work it is still the wives, not husbands, who are most likely to take on chores such as cooking, cleaning, and childcare. Hitting a "glass ceiling" also causes women to leave work. Hidden factors seem to prevent women from getting ahead. Unpleasant work conditions at the office also seem to be a contributing factor.

(Mother's Love: Death without Weeping), According to Scheper-Hughes mothers living in Alto do Cruzeiro in northeastern Brazil have been known to actually hasten the death of babies they feel will not survive by failing to feed them properly. true/ false

True

(Mother's Love: Death without Weeping), In an epilogue to her article Nancy Scheper-Hughes claims that the installation of piped, treated water to all homes in the shantytown contributed most to the increased survival of infants in Bom Jesus de Mata. true/false

True

Goldstein argues that Tibetan Polyandry permits wealthy farmers to maintain their higher standard of living. true/false

True

According to Goldstein, Tibetan polyandry a. requires a group of brothers to marry one woman. b. is caused by high rates of female infanticide, creating a shortage of women. c. is a response to a shortage of arable land. d. two of the above. c. a, b, and c above.

a. requires a group of brothers to marry one woman.

According to Fish, the American conception of race is a. based on what people look like. b. based on the racial identity of one's parents. c. ignores the principle of hypo-descent. d. parallels the way Brazilians classify races. e. is based on biological reality.

b. based on the racial identity of one's parents.

According to Sutherland (the Case of the Gypsy Offender), Gypsies treat social security numbers as a. unimportant, because they don't use social security. b. corporate property of their kin group, the vitsa. c. a way to defraud banks so that they can get illegal loans. d. a source of prestige, because they believe higher numbers bring greater success. e. something to be traded among themselves for cash.

b. corporate property of their kin group, the vitsa.

There are also a number of things that "pull" women home

being with their children, encountering less stress, their own sense of responsibility, nostalgia for the family they had when they were growing up, and support from other women who had returned home all make a difference.

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) argue that a key to women's rank is a. control over family finances. b. having a large number of children. c. obtaining high-ranking occupational positions. d. their contribution of goods and services toward family maintenance. e. the increase in societal values on equality.

c. obtaining high-ranking occupational positions.

The custom of polyandry may end among Tibetans living in Nepal because a. women don't like the custom. b. men don't like the custom. c. of government opposition and new economic opportunities. d. of conflict between men over rights to a woman's children. e. of new techniques for reclaiming land to farm.

c. of government opposition and new economic opportunities.

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) describe research on women's power conducted by Ernestine Friedl. They note that Friedl found that ________ was a key to power and equality for women in hunter/gatherer societies. a. the volume of vegetable matter women can collect b. the (high) number of children women bear c. women's production and control and publicly shared food and goods d. women's control over the political process e. women's ability to endure hardship

c. women's production and control and publicly shared food and goods

Sutherland reports that for Gypsies, going to jail a. often provides needed time to recover from alcoholism. b. helps them learn English and skills that facilitate getting real jobs in American society. c. is welcomed because they finally get enough to eat there. d. is an especially cruel punishment because it separates them from their kin. e. is hard on them because they are targeted by other inmates as easy prey.

d. is an especially cruel punishment because it separates from their kin.

In an epilogue to her article (Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping), Scheper-Hughes argues that __________________ contributed to lower infant death and birth rates in Bom Jesus. a. a national health care system b. installation of water pipes through the shantytown c. an infant training program offered by a North American mission d. two of the above e. a, b, and c above

d. two of the above

(Mother's Love: Death without Weeping) Scheper-Hughes claims that which of the following kinds of people encourages mothers not to become attached to their sick and dying children? a. clergy b. doctors c. midwives d. two of the above e. a, b, and c above

e. a, b, and c above (clergy, doctors, midwives)

According to Fish (Mixed Blood), human biological variety is caused by a. mutation. b. natural selection. c. genetic drift. d. only two of the above. e. a, b, can c above.

e. a, b, can c above.

According to Fish, North Americans fail in their attempt to classify people into races because they ignore important physical differences such as body shape (rounded and lanky for example). true/false

false

According to Goldstein, Tibetan polyandry is a response to a shortage of arable land. true/false

false

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) note that a factor they call "the second shift" pulls women out of the work force for a life at home. true/false

false

Sutherland notes that the young Gypsy man she helped to defend in court refused to eat jail food as a protest for not being allowed to call his relatives. true/false

false

Brazilians classify people on the basis of what they look like. Americans classify them on the basis of how their parents are classified using the principle of _______________.

hypo-descent.

Americans classify people as black, white, Latino, and Asian. Brazilians classify them into______.

tipos (types)

According to Fish, Brazilians classify people into tipos such as loura, branca, morena, mulata, and preta on the basis of how they look. true/false

true

According to Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) the "100-hour couple" phenomenon is a factor that "pushes" women to leave the workforce. true/ false

true

Sutherland argues that Gypsies hide their personal identity as a way to combat persecution by members of the societies in which they live. true/false

true

Sutherland became involved in the case as an expert witness for the defense. Her first act was to discover whether the young man was a Gypsy and what his name was. Learns that Gypsies take on many "American" names, which they change often. Their identity is associated with their __________.

vitsa, or clan, and a larger grouping of clans called a natsia.