Test 3
In statistical terms, ______ the sample size ______ the width of the confidence interval about the mean at a given confidence level.
increasing; decreases
If the average units produced in a month by a Ford Motor Co. plant for Ford Explorers is 22, but only 18 Explorers are produced on a given day in that same month, the deviation score for this one day is _____.
-4
When a researcher combines the "Strongly Disagree" and "Disagree" responses on a Likert scale item to a single "Strongly Disagree/Disagree" percentage, this is an example of _____.
Collapsing The Data
All of the following are reasons for using a sample EXCEPT _____.
Complete Enumeration
A researcher interested in a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables should construct a _____.
Contingency Table
When a researcher uses students to participate in a study because he has easy access to them, what type of sampling procedure does this represent?
Convenience Sample
If a business wants to know if more males or females purchase their product or a competitor's product, which of the following answers this question?
Cross-Tabulation
Which of the following is the appropriate technique for addressing research questions involving relationships among multiple less-than interval variables?
Cross-Tabulation
Another name for data transformation is _____.
Data Conversion
When a respondent's answers to ten Likert-scale items are added up to form a total subtest score for these questions, this is an example of _____.
Data Transformation
When a researcher has made the decision to conduct a survey using a sample of the population, the FIRST step in the selection of the sample is to _____.
Define the target population
The transformation of raw data into a form that makes the data easier to understand and to interpret is called _____.
Descriptive Analysis
A stratified sample in which the sample size for each stratum is allocated according to analytical considerations is called a(n) _____.
Disproportional Stratified Sample
Assigning a "1" or "0" code where each number represents an alternate response such as "yes" or "no," is an example of _____.
Dummy Coding
Which of the following is a nonprobability sampling technique in which an experienced individual selects the sample based on his or her judgment about some appropriate characteristics required of the sample member?
Judgment Sample
All of the following are advantages of quota sampling over probability sampling EXCEPT ____.
Lower Error
Counting the number of responses to different parts of a question in a survey and arranging these responses in a frequency distribution is called _____.
Marginal Tabulation
A researcher is examining the row and column totals in a contingency table of stores shopped at by gender. What are these called?
Marginals
The arithmetic average of a set of numbers is referred to as the _____.
Mean
The value below which half the values in a distribution fall is the _____.
Median
Dividing a data set into two categories by placing respondents below the median in one category and respondents above the median in another is called a(n) _____.
Median Split
If Delta Airlines selects randomly a set of 40 flights on a given day, and then selects randomly a group of ten passengers on each of these flights to participate in an in-flight survey, the passengers are _____.
Secondary Sampling Units
Which of the following becomes a key indicator of whether or not a hypothesis can be supported?
Significance Level
A sampling procedure that assures each element in the population of an equal chance of being included in the sample is called _____.
Simple Random Sampling
Which type of sampling procedure selects initial respondents using probability methods and selects subsequent respondents from information provided by those initial respondents?
Snowball Sample
Which of the following eliminates the drawback of having the measure of dispersion in squared units rather than in the original measurement units?
Standard Deviation
Which of the following represents the standard deviation of the sampling distribution?
Standard Error of the Mean
The number of respondents or observations (in a row or column) used as a basis for computing percentages in a contingency table is referred to as a(n) _____.
Statistical Base
In which type of sampling is a subsample drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum of the population?
Stratified Sampling
A sampling procedure in which a starting point is selected by a random process and then every nth number on the list is selected is called a(n) _____.
Systematic Sampling
Which type of sampling error is primarily due to the nature of a study's design and the correctness of execution?
Systematic Sampling Error
Arranging data into a table is called _____.
Tabulation
Counting the number of responses to questions in a survey by hand is called _____.
Tallying
The confidence interval for a proportion uses which of the following formulas?
p ±ZSp
Which of the following is the symbol for the sample standard deviation?
S
A(n) _____ is a subset, or some part, of a larger population.
Sample
A frequency distribution of a sample is called a(n) _____.
Sample Distribution
Measures computed from sample data are called _____.
Sample Statistics
A list of elements from which the sample may be drawn is called a _____.
Sampling Frame
When a researcher wants to study the members of the American Marketing Association and selects a sample from its membership list, the membership list is an example of a _____.
Sampling Frame
Which type of error occurs when certain sample elements are excluded or when the entire population is not accurately represented in the sampling frame?
Sampling Frame Error
A single element or group of elements that is eligible for selection via the sampling process is called a
Sampling Unit
If the population mean is assumed to be 20 and the sample standard deviation is 5, a score of 15 would have a Z-value of _____.
-1.00
Which type of statistical analysis test hypotheses involves only one variable?
Univariate Statistical Analysis
Internet surveys probably should remain active for a minimum of _____ hours.
12
If a researcher wants to summarize the responses of subjects by gender and awareness of a particular brand ("Yes" or "No"), he or she would use a ______ contingency table.
2 x 2
Find the approximate standard deviation of the following set of scores: 3, 6, 2, 7, 8 .
2.59
If 35 percent of TV viewers recalled seeing an ad for a Toyota Prius on a particular television program based on a sample of 800 viewers, the 95 percent confidence interval for this study would be between approximately _____.
32 percent and 38 percent
If the sample standard deviation is 10.5 and the sample mean is 48 based on a study with a sample size of 120, the 95 percent confidence interval about the mean is between approximately _____.
46.12 and 49.88
All of the following are stages in the selection of a sample EXCEPT _____.
Analyze data
Data with which type of distribution are appropriate for division based on the median split?
Bimodal Distribution
An investigation of all the individual elements that make up a population is called a(n)_____.
Census
When a company decides to send an Internet survey to all of its 127-member sales force to determine their morale, this is an example of a _____
Census
Which theory states that as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of size n, randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution?
Central-Limit Theorem
Coding that assigns numbers to categories in an arbitrary way merely as a means of identifying some characteristic is called _____.
Class Coding
If a researcher for Procter & Gamble selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarket chains within each of these states to call for a phone survey for research regarding a new shampoo, what type of sampling procedure is being used?
Cluster Sample
Which sampling technique is an economically efficient sampling technique in which the primary sampling unit is not the individual element in the population but a large cluster of elements?
Cluster Sample
Assigning males the value of zero and females the value of one in a database to record the gender of the respondents is an example of _____.
Coding
The assignment of numbers to edited data is known as _____.
Coding
Which of the following is an alternative to dummy coding using the values of -1 and +1 to represent two categories of responses?
Effects Coding
An analysis of the basic cross-tabulation for each level of a variable not previously considered, such as subgroups of the sample, is referred to as _____.
Elaboration Analysis
Breaking down the answer to the question: "Have you ever purchased a ticket online for an American Airlines flight?" into subgroups based on gender and zip code is an example of _____.
Elaboration Analysis
A survey question asked respondent how much of the Super Bowl they watched by asking them to check one of the four following choices: "all of it," "most of it," "some of it," or "none of it." How many dummy variables would a researcher need to dummy code this question?
Four
Arranging data so that the number of times each category occurs is called a _____ table.
Frequency
A set of data organized by summarizing the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs is referred to as a(n) _____.
Frequency Distribution
Which of the following is a graphical way of showing the frequency distribution in which the height of a bar corresponds to the frequency of a category?
Histogram
If the price of Brand A is transformed to a value of 100 and Brand B's value is 75, indicating its price is 25 percent lower than Brand A's price, 100 and 75 represent _____.
Index Numbers
Scores or observations recalibrated to indicate how they relate to a base number are referred to as _____.
Index Numbers
When a researcher wants to estimate national market share based on the results of the test market for a new product in St. Louis and Kansas City, this is an example of _____.
Inferential Statistics
When a marketing vice-president tells the marketing department to schedule a test market in Dallas because he feels that this city is "typical" of the composition of the target market for a new product nationally, this is an example of what type of sample?
Judgment Sample
It is hypothesized that an individual's style of processing information (i.e., verbal or visual) will influence the impact an advertising execution will have on attitudes toward the brand advertised. Style of processing, then, is considered which type of variable?
Moderator Variable
When a third variable is included in the analysis that is studying the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable, and this third variable changes the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable in an important way, this third variable is called a(n) _____.
Moderator Variable
One of the most common probability distributions in statistics is the _____ distribution.
Normal
The _____ distribution is a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution that describes the expected probability distribution of many chance occurrences.
Normal
Janet has agreed to participate in online research studies. She signed up to receive emails inviting her to participate in various applied research studies, such as the one that asked her questions about dinner preparation. Janet is part of a(n) _____.
Online Panels
Lists of respondents who have agreed to participate in marketing research along with the e-mail contact information for these individuals are called _____.
Online Panels
A researcher is testing a hypothesis and is examining the data to determine whether or not the observed relationship between a salesperson's age and sales are significantly related. Which of the following will he use to determine the significance level of the results?
P-Value
All of the following are examples of descriptive statistics EXCEPT _____.
P-Value
An estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value, usually the sample mean, is called a _____.
Point Estimate
Which of the following refers to any complete group whose members share some common set of characteristics?
Population
A frequency distribution of the population elements is called a _____.
Population Distribution
_____ is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur.
Probability
In which type of sampling does every element in the population have a known, nonzero probability of selection?
Probability Sampling
The percentage of elements that meet some criterion is called a(n) _____.
Proportion
A stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is in proportion to the population size of that stratum is called a(n) _____.
Proportional Stratified Sample
When the head of the marketing research department instructs field interviewers to interview parents at a soccer tournament such that they each interview 10 truck owners, 10 SUV owners, 8 sedan owners, and 4 owners of sports cars, this represents what type of sampling procedure?
Quota Sample
The difference between the sample result and the result of an accurate census is called _____.
Random Sampling Error
Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?
Range
Index numbers require which level of measurement?
Ratio
A telephone directory that lists the people in the phone book by their street address instead of by their last name is called a _____.
Reverse Directory
Which of the following refers to the proportion of respondents who choose the most positive choice in a multiple choice question?
Top-Box Score
When a researcher sets an acceptable significance level a priori (), he or she is determining how much tolerance he or she has for which type of error?
Type I
Which type of error occurs when the researcher concludes a relationship exists when in fact one does not exist?
Type I
Failing to identify a hypothesized difference using a sample result when one really does exist in the population is which type of error?
Type II
The researcher examining descriptive statistics for any particular variable is using which type of statistics?
Univariate
As sample size ______ , random sampling error ______.
increases; decreases
Codes are rules for ______ data.
all of these choices
Which of the following is a step in determining sample size?
all of these choices
Which of the following is the symbol for the population standard deviation?
beta(sideways b)
All of the following are characteristics of the standardized normal distribution EXCEPT _____.
has a mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 0.