Test 3

Cultural relativism is based on the notion that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Local traditions trump the rights in the UDHR The final authority in determining for the rights of a citizenry lies with the people and their government

Which of the following states have not become one of the States Parties to the Rome Statute that created the International Criminal Court, the ICC (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Russia United States of America china

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Seeks to promote national and international policies with respect to migration that follow the rule of law and promote sustainable development and human rights

When looking at the population pyramid for The Netherlands, which of the following are correct statements (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- About 11% of the population is under ten years of age - More than 50% of the Dutch population is of working age (15-64 years of age) - Just over 18% of the population is older than 65 years of age

Which of the following are correct statements about the world's population (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- By 2050, India's population is projected to reach 1.6 billion people - Projections of the world's population in 2050 vary between 7.3 billion and 15.6 billion people, depending on the fertility rate. - By 2050, India is projected to be the most populous country in the world

How does the Chinese government justify its repressive tactics against the Uyghurs in Xinjiang Province?

- By claiming that the accusations of human rights abuses are lies - By denying that it is involved in human rights abuses - By claiming that it is keeping the region free of extremists and that there is no forced labor but only jobs programs

What are examples through which the Chinese government violates the human rights of its Uyghur minority (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- By holding people in captivity and not letting them be in touch with their families - By making people work as forced laborers in factories and on fields for little to no pay - By not allowing people the right to practice their religion or culture, or to speak their language

Population projections are not predictions but rather represent a calculation of future population size based on a set of assumptions or variants, including expected fertility rate. Which of the following variants project that the world's total population will surpass 9 billion people by 2100? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)

- Constant Fertility Variant - High Fertility Variant - Medium Fertility Variant - Instant Replacement Variant

"Brain Drain" (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

- Is the loss of highly skilled persons, mostly from developing countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries - Is sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital

What were some negative consequences of the original green revolution (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- Loss of local food diversity - Local knowledge that was built over thousands of years of agricultural history was almost lost - people around the world ate the same few things

When looking at Niger's population pyramid, which of the following are correct statements (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- Niger has a youthful population - More than 35% of Niger's population are under 10 years of age - Less than 5% of Niger's population is over over the age of 65

Key "general tendencies" of international population movements in an age of globalization include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

- Ongoing changes in where people go and where they come from - The "feminization" of migration, as women are an increasing part of workforces

What role did Eleanor Roosevelt played after her husband, President Franklin Roosevelt, had died? (select all that apply; there may be one to four possible correct answers)

- She was invited to be part of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations - She became a member of the committee charged with drafting the UDHR

Which of the following is NOT true about the role of technology in human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- Technology cannot be used for positive and negative purposes at the same time - Whether people live in developed or underdeveloped countries, technology has benefitted everyone equally

In late June 2022, the worst case of migrant deaths due to smuggling into the US occurred when more than 50 migrants were abandoned in the back of a sweltering tractor-trailer in which U.S. state?

Texas

What does Human Rights Watch (HRW) want to achieve by highlighting the role of multinational corporations operating in the Uyghur region?

That consumer demand will change corporate behavior

Sovereignty assumes:

That countries are self-governing, have territorial integrity, and self-determination

Which of the following is true about population and population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

*More than 80% of the world's population is located in the less-developed world *Patterns of population growth differ significantly between more- and less-developed regions of the world *European populations make up about 10% of the world's population *Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in Asian countries *Nearly 1/5 of the world's population lives in China

Across the globe, urbanization has been caused by (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Environmental decline, such as the overgrazing of land -Industrialization, "pulling" people into cities -Technological developments, "pushing" people off the farm

Which of the following are some of the ways through which celebrities (famous actors or billionaires) can affect human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Founding Human Rights Organizations -Using their celebrity status to raise awareness -Engaging in philanthropic behavior by giving money to human rights causes -Acting as UN Goodwill Ambassadors

Which of the following are human rights NGOs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Human Rights Watch -Amnesty International

Which of the following are common themes connecting all models of thought on the question of how to address population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Improvement in water quality -Improving the status of women - Poverty reduction

What are some of the examples through which globalization challenges state sovereignty (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-International organized crime has become so powerful in some places that it controls territory and large segments of a state's population -Technology has made it possible for populations beyond a state's borders to put pressure on states by facilitating communication that can go around a government's restrictions -International financial institutions can grant or withhold resources and overrule the decisions of states -MNC's can more easily move across borders and escape regulation by governments

The Cornucopian perspective rests on the following ideas (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

-Population growth is positive as it increases economic productivity and capacity for economic progress -Technological innovation can overcome problems of population growth

What are policies undertaken by the former Trump administration with respect to migration (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

-Trying to rescind the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA, which grants legal protection to nearly 800,000 immigrants brought to the U.S. as children) -Instituting a "zero tolerance" policy at the U.S.-Mexico border, which included separating children from their parents after they crossed into the United States -Instituting a travel ban on select Muslim-majority countries -Ending the protected status of more than 200,000 Salvadoran immigrants, many of whom had been here well over a decade -Drastically reducing the number of refugees accepted for resettlement in the United States

How many countries voted against the UDHR in 1948?

0

According to the UN Population Division's 2020 analyses, what is the medium variant projection for the world's population by 2100?

10.9 billion people by 2100

How many refugees AND internally displaced people does Syria have?

13.2 million

What percentage of crops grown goes into feeding livestock?

33%

How many unaccompanied minors entered the U.S. during the 2014 crisis?

60,000-80,000

In 2019, the number of people living as refugees or internally displaced people worldwide was estimated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at:

79.5 million

How many countries abstained from voting on the UDHR in 1948?

8

As noted in the introduction to this lesson, the world's population in mid-2022 is ______________.

8 billion people

What percentage of global agricultural lands do animals raised for food take up?

80%

What is the difference between a treaty and a declaration?

A treaty is a legally binding instrument whereas a declaration is a statement of principles

What is replacement fertility (in births per woman)?

Approximately 2.1 births per woman

By the end of the 21st century, which of the following regions will see their share decrease while still holding the largest share of the world's population?

Asia

Where do migrants going through the Darian Gap come from?

Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Cuba, Haiti, and other places around the world

When did the world's population reach one billion people?

At the beginning of the 19th century

In what conflict in 2013 did the UN invoke the principle of R2P (Responsibility to Protect) as justification for French-led military intervention?

Central African Republic

Which country has been known for its "one child policy"?

China

According to the UN's 2020 projections, the two countries with the largest populations will continue to see growth, but where ___________ is projected to peak in size at 1.5 billion in 2030, _____________ is projected to soon overtake it, reaching an estimated 1.6 billion by 2050.

China / India

The analyst points to a 15-year, $10 billion U.S. effort in which country as a model for what's needed in Central America?

Colombia

What does it show when many companies try to maintain a level of neutrality regarding China's treatment of the Uyghurs, or in the case of Tesla's Elon Musk, even say that "China rocks"?

Corporate dependence on Chinese supply chains (such as with rare earth metals, where China has a dominance in the market)

Which countries will continue to hold the largest share of the world's population?

Countries in Asia

What do we call the "study of population change and characteristics"?

Demography

The video points to which country as having the highest homicide rates in the world?

El Salvador

Who was instrumental in ensuring that the phrase "all men are created equal" was replaced with "all human beings are born free and equal"?

Hansa Mehta, India

U.S. support for international family planning programs:

Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs

Match the term to its definition.

Internally Displace Persons - people displaced within their own countries Emigration - International migration out of a country Immigration - International migration into a country Refugee - A person who is outside their country of origin because of well-founder fears of being persecuted Urbanization - growth in the side of cities

What do we mean by the term "replacement fertility"?

It is the rate at which one generation of parents is replacing itself in the next generation

Which of the following statements is true concerning urbanization?

More Developed Countries (MDCs) are more urbanized than Less Developed Countries (LDCs)

As noted in the introduction to this lesson, how many refugees AND internally displaced people does Ukraine have, given the war that began in 2022?

More than 12 million

If we all lived as densely as people in Manhattan, every human could fit inside ___________.

Norway

How is a country's population size (P) determined?

P= (+) births (-) deaths (+) in-migration (-) out-migration

Those pointing out that we need to focus on the structural dimensions of social change, argue that:

Population growth, in particular high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development

What is a key challenge of aging populations?

Smaller cohorts of young people coming into the labor force to support elderly populations

What is the name given to China's practice of hiding human rights abuses behind the veil of hosting the Olympics and using some Uyghur participation as proof of their well-being?

Sportswashing

Critics of the demographic transition model argue that:

The model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard

Between fiscal years 2020 and 2021:

The number of unaccompanied minors detained for illegal entry quadrupled, rising to 146,925

What was the immediate context for why the UDHR was drafted (select all that apply; there may be one to four possible correct answers)?

The terrible atrocities committed during WWII, such as the Holocaust The horror of over 50 million dead in WWII

Which country accepts the largest total number of immigrants worldwide?

United States

What do we call the graphical representation of the proportions of persons in different age groups in a population?

population pyramid

The moderator interviews an economic immigrant from Mexico who builds homes. How much more can he make in the U.S. than in Mexico?

He can make in a day what he would in a week in Mexico

The moderator interviews an 11-year old boy who fled to the U.S. by himself because of the extreme drug-gang violence in his country. What country was this boy from?

Honduras

Which region has the most cases currently before the ICC:

Africa

Which are the ways in which the UN supports human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- The UN promotes knowledge and public support through educating publics about human rights - The UN helps implement human rights through economic development - The UN helps implement human rights through enforcement activities such as peacekeeping - The UN helps formulate international human rights standards through treaties and declarations

Which of the following are correct statements about fertility rates (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- The fertility rate in high-income countries is below replacement and stands at about 1.67 per woman - The fertility rate in low-income countries has declined from just under 6.68 for 1970-1975 to 4.52 births per woman in the period from 2015-2020 - The fertility rate for the world as a whole is about 2.47 births per woman

Which two immigration policies has the Biden administration tried to change, but its efforts have been blocked by judges, leading to long legal battles? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)

- Title 42, which allows the border patrol to expel almost all undocumented migrants seeking entry on public health grounds (particularly the possible spread of Covid-19) - Former President Trump's controversial "Remain in Mexico" policy, which requires migrants to wait until their asylum cases in the US can be heard

What are some of the uneven effects brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic felt by people of color in London (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answer)?

- When looking at survival at 30 days, patients of Black and Asian ethnicity had an increased risk of death - A significant gap in health outcomes between White, Asian, and Black communities admitted to hospital with complications from COVID-19 - Those of Asian and Black ethnicity were younger and fitter and were dying from COVID-19

What are some of the reasons why the world's population drastically increased over the past 70 years (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- improved food production and distribution - reduced mortality rates - Major public health advances

As discussed in the video, why is there so much violence in the Central American states? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)

-Legacies of the 1980s the civil wars and the lack of full reconciliation -The prevalence of significant amounts of guns

When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?

1948

Why is it important today to think about the relationship between population growth and food supply even though the rate at which the global population is increasing has slowed?

Because of the additional problem of carbon emissions and climate change

How have the UN and the World Health Organization (WHO) countered the cultural relativist claims that support female genital mutilation (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

By framing the issue in public health rather than human rights By passing a resolution on the elimination of female genital mutilation in the General Assembly

The International Criminal Court: (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)

Can try cases involving crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide Is currently investigating cases involving defendants who come mostly from African states

The demographic transition model suggests that as societies industrialize and urbanize:

Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rates will decline

When is international Human Rights Day and why?

December 10, because that is when, in 1948, the UDHR was adopted

What are the most effective ways to lower birth rates?

Empowering women and increasing women's access to education

Which of the following is NOT an example that has led some people to argue that cultural relativism trumps universalism?

Gender quotas in legislatures

Universalism is represented by the idea that:

Human rights are accorded to everyone regardless of citizenship or status

Which of the following statements is correct?

It took the UK 95 years to halve birth rates while Brazil did it in 26 and Iran in 10

What regions hold what percentage of the world's population? Europe, North America, and Oceania combined hold _________________ of the world's population, whereas Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean hold ______________ of the world's population.

Less than 20% / more than 80%

In what conflict in 2011 did the UN invoke the principle of R2P (Responsibility to Protect) as justification for military intervention?

Libya

In general:

Many LDCs have enacted policies to reduce population growth, while many MDCs have enacted policies to increase population growth

The following factors show how globalization has helped in promoting human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Social media platforms have allowed people to organize even when governments try to limit free speech and assembly Information technology has made it easier for human rights NGOs to communicate with their stakeholders and put greater pressure on governments to comply with human rights standards Due to advances in technology and gains in literacy and education, more people know about human rights

While NGOs do not have official membership status at the UN, they do have important influence through their close cooperation with _______________:

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

After the end of the Cold War, the UN created international criminal tribunals to prosecute individuals responsible for ethnic cleansing, genocidal violence and crimes against humanity in which of the following (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

The Former Yugoslavian countries Rwanda

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is in:

The Hague

What is questionable about the International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s statement that it "did not find any forced, bonded, indentured or child labor" connected to the making of Olympic merchandise in the Uyghur region?

The IOC did not disclose the names of the auditors or of the factories they looked at, and then listed only two apparel companies

As discussed in the video, many of the immigrants coming into the United States are from:

The Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador), the world's deadliest countries outside war zones

Prior the creation of the UDHR, what document first mentions human rights?

The Preamble to the UN Charter

What is the relationship between expected population growth over the next two decades and climate change?

The vast majority of people (75%) are going to be born in regions hardest hit by climate change

Which of the following is NOT an explanation of what the UN Secretary-General means when he says: "the [corona]virus doesn't discriminate but its impacts do"?

The virus affects only older people living in residential care facilities

What has the Human Genome Project found that tells us that variations in health outcomes based on race and ethnicity are linked to something other than DNA (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

There's more variation within a like group than between single individuals of different groups DNA shows that all humans are 99.9% the same

In the 2021 fiscal year, a record number of 1.73 million migrant encounters were recorded in the United States. What is the expectation for the 2022 numbers?

They are expected to top 2 million

What is the name of the key human rights document of the post-WWII era?

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Which writer first proposed a negative relationship between human population growth and the supply of food and other resources?

Thomas Malthus

What are some of the ways in which MNCs can promote human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Through public private partnerships they can help develop the technology needed for the UN or NGOs to get more data on human rights issues They can use their access to markets around the world as a way of building networks based on real-time data exchanges, allowing the UN faster response time during emergencies

Which of the following are examples through which technological innovations have been successfully used to promote human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

When Egyptian protesters in 2011 used Twitter to publicize videos of police violence When a solar-powered internet network allowed villages in Uganda to get access to crop information and thus to improve their yields and incomes - When the Grameen Foundation uses text messaging to coach expectant parents in Ghana