Test 3

edo

. The movement's new regime moved to the Tokugawa capital of _________ and renamed it Tokyo.

colonialism

A system in which people from one country settle in another, maintaining connections to the mother country, most often used in the context of the exploitation of weaker countries by imperial powers, is referred to as _________.

naval ships

After China's failure against the British in 1840, Lin Zexu and other officials argued that China, at the very least, needed the same kind of __________.

nontariff autonomy

Another policy imposed by the British was that of _________, the loss by a country of its right to set its own tariffs.

1853-1856

As a result of its loss in the Crimean War of __________, Russia was forced to recognize the Ottoman Empire's right to full integrity.

the philippines

As a result of its loss of Mexico in the early 1800s, Spain began turning to its colony in ________ for agricultural and natural resource exploitation.

penal colony

Australia began its history under British control as a _________.

commodity-rich

Australia was very similar to independent Latin America in that it was a labor-poor but ___________ region, seeking its wealth through export-led growth.

armenian

Between 1894 and 1896, the Ottoman sultan armed Kurdish tribal units, which massacred thousands of _______ villagers.

haiku

By the 1880s, a university system anchored by Tokyo Imperial University was offering courses in all of the following areas except:

south africa

By the 1890s, a young British-trained lawyer named Mohandas K. Gandhi was actively campaigning for the rights of Indians in British-controlled ________.

opium

By the end of the eighteenth century, the illegal trade in _________, or "foreign mud," constituted the most profitable import commodity in China, especially around the area of Guangzhou (Canton).

sino-japanese

By the fall of 1894, a full-scale war over the fate of Korea and northeast Asia, called the _________ War, was under way.

jews

Continuing the repressive policies of his father, Nicholas launched a pogrom of Russian _________ in 1903-1906, triggering mass emigrations to the United States.

polish

Even though Ottoman sappers and siege cannons succeeded in breaching the walls of Vienna in several places in 1683, a __________ relief army allied with the Habsburgs arrived just in time to drive out the besieging forces.

an independent duma

Following the Revolution of 1905, Nicholas II repudiated the concessions granted in the October Manifesto, especially:

silver

Important early commercial interests in Australia included all of the following EXCEPT:

open door

In 1899, at the behest of United States Secretary of State John Hay, European powers were persuaded to refrain from securing exclusive concessions and, instead, to maintain a(n) _________ policy for all.

canada

In 1900, Australia finally adopted a federal constitution and became the second fully autonomous British "dominion", after __________.

catherine II the great

In a reform of the educational system in 1782, _________ made education, from urban primary schools to high schools, free and mostly staffed with clergy.

slavism

In the 1870s, conservative intellectuals broadened the conceptualization of Russian nationality into an ideology of Pan-__________.

the ottoman empire, france, and great britain allied against russia

In the Crimean War:

mozambique

Portugal used the Berlin conference to expand its coastal footholds in Guinea, Angola and ___________.

the austrian habsburgs

Prior to the nineteenth century, the Ottomans' traditional enemy was:

islam

Religious scholars of the 1800s succeeded in making _______ the dominant religion of West Africa.

mirs

Russian serfs were organized into ____, or communes, which oversaw economic and legal affairs, and their dwellings were clustered around a village center.

nabobs

Some British agents of the East India Company took Indian wives, dressed as Indian princes, and wielded power as local magnates, or __________ (from an Urdu word meaning "viceroy").

civilizing

Some Europeans claimed that, according to the dictates of their "_______ mission", they had a duty to extend the benefits of European civilization to "backward" peoples.

expel the barbarian

Taking the slogan Sonno joi ("Honor the emperor, ________"), members of the "Satcho" clique challenged the shogunate and forced the Tokugawa to capitulate in 1867.

rubber

The Belgian Congo under King Leopold II employed mass forced labor of the indigenous population to extract _______ from the jungle.

society of the harmonious fists

The Boxer Rebellion came about as a result of the anti-Qing and anti-foreign plots of a group known as the _________, also known as the "Boxers" on account of their ritual exercises.

direct rule

The British "Raj" was inaugurated when control by the East India Company was replaced by _________.

most-favored

The Chinese signed treaties with France and the US, conceding in a clause that any new concessions granted to one country automatically reverted to those who were "__________ nations."

protectors of catholic missionaries in the area

The French, who considered themselves the ______, joined with the British in a war to force a new treaty upon the Chinese government in Beijing.

introduce a rifle which required its operator to bite the end from a gunpowder cartridge greased with cow and pig fat

The Great Mutiny was touched off by the rumor that the British intended to:

great britain

The Japanese occupation of Manchuria's Liaodong Peninsula in the 1890s was opposed by the Triple Intervention, an alliance of all of the following European countries except:

scramble

The ______ for Africa was a competition among European powers to acquire African colonies that began with the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.

perry

The commander of an American fleet, Matthew C. _________, arrived in Japan in July 1853, deliberately attempting to impress the Japanese with Western technological might.

subaltern

The effort to co-opt local rulers into upholding the British government as the historically destined status quo is sometimes called a(n) _________ relationship.

newly freed serfs were encouraged to emigrate to the kingdom of poland and farms were abandoned

The emancipation of Russian serfs fell far short of liberating the peasantry for all of the following reasons except:

1890

The end of serfdom in Russia would not come until 1861, and the end of slavery in the Ottoman Empire not until ________.

concert of europe

The international political system that dominated Europe from 1815 to 1914 and which advocated a balance of power among states is referred to as the _________, and it was aimed at preventing any renewed European imperialist goals of the kind Napoleon had pursued.

australia

The navigator James Cook, during one of his many exploratory journeys in the Pacific, landed in 1770 on the east coast of ______ and claimed it for Great Britain.

russia

The opening gambit of Great Britain's "Great Game" against __________ was the first Anglo-Afghan war in 1838.

raj

The period of direct British rule in India following the failure of the Great Mutiny is known as the British _________.

poor and ordinary

The power of opium to suppress pain and hunger made it particularly attractive to the ____________ inhabitants of south China.

practical application

The two key terms in the popular Chinese self-strengthening formulation Zhongxue wei ti and Xixue wei yong meant "Chinese studies for the essence" and "Western studies for the __________."

korea

The war between China and Japan over control of _________ graphically exposed the problems of China's self-strengthening efforts.

extraterritoriality

Through a treaty, the British imposed the policy of _________, by which their subjects who were accused of violating Chinese laws would be tried and punished by British consuls.

greece

______ became independent of Ottoman rule in a war of liberation (1821-1832), and it was the first country in which ethnic nationalism was an element in its foundation.

french

_______ forces dispatched a squadron that occupied the sparsely inhabited Mekong River delta in 1858-1862, annexing it as a protectorate.

algeria

________ was the crucial first step of a European power—in this instance France—seizing provinces of the Ottoman Empire in competition with the Russians, while officially protecting its integrity.

black ships

_________ was the term used by the Japanese to refer to the Western ships arriving on Japanese waters, such as Commodore Perry's fleets in 1853 and 1854.