Test 3 TF

T/F the geological time scale uses EQUAL intervals for dividing the earth's long history in a series of eons, eras, periods and epochs

false

T/F the inner core of earth is liquid iron, surrounded by a solid iron outer core

false

The nucleus of old crystalline rock in each of the principal continental masses is called a a)basalt mass b)continental shield, or craton c)mountain mass d)composite zone

b)continental shield, or craton

A slow persistant mass movement of surface soil is called a)a debris avalanche b)soil creep c)a soil slide d)a rockfall

b)soil creep

*the sediment load consisting of fine-grained clastic particles held aloft in the stream is the a)bed load b)suspended load c)dissolved load d)flow load

b)suspended load

T/F earthquake and volcanic occurrences do not correlate well with crustal plate boundaries

true

T/F new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges

true

T/F the continents of the words were once connected, forming a supercontinent called pangea

true

T/F the crust is thickest under mountains and thinnest under the oceans

true

T/F the earth's interior composition has been inferred by the use of seismic waves

true

T/F the principle of isostasy refers to the vertical movement of earth's crust in response to loading and unloading of weight, such as ice or sediment

true

T/F the rock cycle is fueled both by the hydrologic cycle and the tectonic cycle

true

T/F the three types of rocks are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary

true

T/F the upper mantle is rigid, whereas the aesthenosphere is plastic-like

true

the deepest places in the ocean are those in which rifting occurs

true

Vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to as a) relief b)an order c)topography d)crust

A) relief

*A(n) _________ is a meander that becomes isolated from the rest of the river a)owbow lake b)undercut bank c)point bar d)cutoff

a)oxbow lake

T/F the arrangement of continents is permanent with only minor changes wrought by crustal movement (e.g. earthquakes)

false

Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of a)higher rainfall and temperatures b)lower rainfall and temp c)higher rainfall but lower temps d)lower rainfall but higher temps

a)higher rainfall and temperatures

Chemical weathering processes are particularly effective on limestone landscapes, forming a)karst topography b)hydrolysis plains c)pressure-release jointing d)exfoliation domes and arch-like forms

a)karst topography

Which of the following is not factored when considering discharge? a)channel length b)channel width c)channel depth d)velocity

a) channel length

When pressure is removed from overlying rock, the pressure of deep burial is relieved, initiating pressure-release jointing. The joints then separate into curved slabs. This is known as a)exfoliation b)salt crystal growth c)frost wedging d)spheroidal weathering

a) exfoliation

Processes that are related expressly to streams and rivers are termed a)fluvial b)geomorphic c)lemnetic d)lotic

a) fluvial

*the largest material that can be carried by a stream is carried as: a)bed load b)suspended load c)dissolved load d)flow load

a)bed load

*high tides are known as ______ where as low tides are known as ______ a)flood tides; ebb tides b)ebb tides; flood tides c)spring tides; neap tides d)neap tides; spring tides

a)flood tides; ebb tides

*Which of the following is not correct regarding tides? a)they are produced solely by the gravitational pull of the sun b)they are complex twice daily oscillations in sea level c)they are influenced by the size, depth, and topography of ocean basins d)they are influenced by shoreline configuration and latitude

a)they are produced solely by the gravitational pull of the sun

Orogenesis refers to: a)the beginning of extensive faulting b)a general term for mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust c)a general thinning of the crust d)the formation of mountains without, faulting, folding or the capture of migrating terranes

b) a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens the continental crust

Of the world's largest rivers, which has the greatest discharge? a) Zaire (Congo) river b) amazon river c) missouri-ohio-mississippi river system d)chang chiang (yangatze) of asia

b) amazon

When rock is broken down and disintegrated in the presence of water and with chemical alterations to the rock, the process in operation is a)physical weathering b)chemical weathering c)hydrolysis d)carbonation

b) chemical weathering

*which of the following is true about seawater? a)seawater is pure H2O b)seawater is a solution c)the chemical composition of seawater is negligible d)the salinity of seawater is negligible

b) seawater is a solution

The area of land from which all water in it drains into the same place is known as a(n) a)interfluve b)watershed c)drainage d)fluvial units

b) watershed

*which of the following is not an example of a depositional coastal landform? a)wave-built terrace b)barrier spit c)bay barrier d)wave-cut platform

b)barrier split

Which of the following properly describes the formation of continental crust? a) All continental crust was formed millions of years ago. There is no active continental crust being formed. b) The formation of continental crust is independent of the formation of oceanic crust, involving only volcanism over the land masses. c) The formation of continental crust involves the entire sequence of seafloor spreading, subduction, remelting of oceanic crust, and subsequent rise of the remelted material. d) New continental crust is formed essentially in the same many as oceanic crust — from upwelling at mid-continental ridges.

c) the formation of continental crust involves the entire sequence of seafloor spreading, subduction, remelting of oceanic crust, and subsequent rise of the remelted material

The concept of "orders of relief" refers to.. a) the ordering of surface features based on HEIGHT b)the ordering of surface features based on THEIR TIME OF ORIGIN c)the classification of landscapes based on scale d) the rate at which stressed is relieved in the crust

c) the ordering of surface features based on based on scale

*Cone-shaped deposits of sediment often found at mouth of canyons in arid and semiarid climates are called a)deposition b)deltas c)alluvial fans d)clastics

c)alluvial fans

*the sediment load that travels in solution is a)bed load b)suspended load c)dissolved load d)flow load

c)dissolved load

Strain, the amount of deformation undergone by an object, is expressed in rocks by a)metamorphism b)breaking and removal c)folding or faulting d)bearing

c)folding or faulting

The drop in stream elevation per unit distance is known as a)discharge b)base level c)gradient d)aspect

c)gradient

Stream drainage patterns are determined by which of the following? a)regional steepness and relief b)variations in rock resistance c)climate d)climate, regional steepness and relief and variations in rock resistance

d) climate, regional steepness and relief and variations in rock resistance

Factors influencing the weathering process include a)the climate of an area b)rock composition and structure c)the amount of vegetation in an area d)rock composition and structure, climate and vegetation e)only the climate of an area and rock composition

d) rock composition and structure, climate and vegetation

*which of the following lists the processes are in the correct sequence as to their occurrence in nature? a)deposition, erosion, transport, weathering b)weathering, erosion, deposition, transport c)weathering, deposition, erosion, transport d)weathering, erosion, transport, deposition

d) weathering, erosion, transport, deposition

Which the following human activities can contribute to mass movement? a)a roadcut b)surface mining c)residential and commercial development d)any human disturbance of a slope, including readjust, surface mining and development

d)any human disturbance of a slope, including readjust, surface mining and development

If you wanted to avoid earthquakes, which of the following areas would be the safest to live? a)convergent plate boundary b)divergent plate boundary c)island arc along a subduction zone d)shield

d)shield

Which of the following can lead to the slope failure that causes mass movement? a)saturation from rainfall b)over steepening of the slope c)earthquakes d)volcanic eruptions e)saturation, over steepening of slopes, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

e) saturation, over steepening of slopes, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

T/F a mineral can be either organic or inorganic

false

T/F convergent plate boundaries occur in areas of seafloor spreading

false