Test I chapter questions

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because A. it is versatile--able to be used in many types of reactions. B. its breakdown is easily coupled with energy-requiring reactions. C. it provides just the right amount of energy for cellular reactions.

All correct.

How many more electrons does nitrogen require to fill its outer shell? (it has 5 in outer shell)

3

Carbon requires how many electrons to complete its outer shell?

4

A cell specializing in endocytosis would likely have many

lysosomes

The interior of a mitocondrion is called the

matrix

All of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are called

metabolism

Cells involved in active transport have a large number of _______________ near their plasma membrane.

mitochondria

Has a single membrane, (m)

mitochondrion

Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell? cytoplasm, mitochondrion, ribosome, nucleoid, plasma membrane

mitochondrion

A representation of a natural phenomenon studied by scientists when the real object is impossible to study is a

model

Biological macromolecules are polymers that are formed when ___________ are joined by a _______________ __________ reaction.

monomers, dehydration synthesis

Reproduces by uniting an egg with a sperm.

multicellular organism

contains tissues.

multicellular organism

Which of the following has a naturally occurring neutral change?

neutron and atom

Sometimes undergoes complementary base pairing

nucleic acid

Ribosomal subunits are produced in what organelle?

nucleolus

An amino acid is to a protein as a ___________ is to a nucleic acid.

nucleotide

Has a double membrane.

nucleus

A hypothesis cannot be formed without

observation

movement of water across a membrane

osmosis

the most abundant element by weight in the human body is

oxygen

Consumed by cellular respiration.

oxygen and carbohydrates

Produced by photosynthesis.

oxygen and carbohydrates

Amino acids in a protein are joined by

peptide bonds

The process of turning solar energy into chemical energy is called

photosynthesis

The _______ ___________ is called a fluid mosaic because it contains a mosaic of proteins suspended within a phospholipid bilayer.

plasma membrane

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally is

polar

Keratin, found in hair, fingernails, horns, and feathers is a

protein

may contain pleated sheets and helices.

protein

Pumps used in active transport are made of

proteins.

the atomic mass of an atom depends primarily on the number of

protons and neutrons

combine with signaling molecules

receptor proteins

A coated pit is associated with

receptor-mediated endocytosis

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is ___________ and water is __________.

reduced, oxidized

Has no membrane.

ribosome

What structure is involved in protein synthesis?

ribosomes

Mechanism by which oxygen enters cells.

simple diffusion

Movement of molecules from high concentration to lower concentration.

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

A group of interbreeding individuals is a

species

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP is produced when hydrogen ions move down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the _______.

stroma

The active site of an enzyme is the part of the enzyme where its ___________ can fit.

substrate

___________ deals with evolutionary relationships between species.

systematics

Cholesterol is the precursor of ___________ and ___________.

testosterone and estrogen

Combine with molecules to carry them across plasma membrane.

transport proteins

Which of the following can only be viewed with an electron microscope

virus

When electrons in the reaction center of PS I are passed to an energy-acceptor molecule, they are replaced by electrons that have been given up by

water

Variations in three-dimensional shapes among proteins are due to bonding between the

R groups

Which of the following is an organic molecule? CO2, H2O, C6H12O6, O2

C6H12O6

Identify the incorrect statement: A. When ATP becomes ADP + P, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose. B. the structure of ATP allows its breakdown to be easily coupled. C, ATP can be easily recycled. D, ATP consists of an adenine, a sugar, and two phosphates.

D

Phosphates can be found in (which?): DNA, RNA, glucose

DNA and RNA

_______ can be transformed into another type, as shown by the production of ATP in mitochondria.

Energy

The organelle that sorts proteins and sends them to their final destinations is the

Golgi apparatus

In the following equation, name the reactants: NaCl --> Na + Cl

NaCl

A solution has a large amount of (H+) dissociated into it; what would act as a buffer to this solution?

OH-

Organic molecules containing carboxyl groups are

acidic

Requires a protein pump.

active transport

Requires energy input.

active transport

A modification that helps equip organisms for their way of life is an

adaptation

Which of the following is associated with the thylakoid membrane? A. PS II B. ATP production C. Electron transport chain

all are correct

Carbon and oxygen can be found in (which?): amino acids, glucose, starch

all of these

Carbon chains can vary in: (which?) length, number of double bonds, branching pattern

all of these

Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in (what): the number of carbon-to-carbon bonds, their consistency at room temperature, the number of hydrogen atoms present

all of these

Plant vacuoles may contain flower color pigments, toxins that protect plants against herbivorous animals, sugar

all of these.

The movement of water across the plasma membrane of a cell is facilitated by

aquaporins and channel proteins.

The region of the earth's surface where all organisms are found is called the

biosphere

Enzyme catalyze reactions by A. bringing the reactants together, so that they can bind. B. lowering the activation energy.

both a and b

Which of the following is true referring to the octet rule? A. The octet rule deals with the electrons in the valence shell only. B. The octet rule deals with the stability of atoms in chemical bonds. C. The octet rule can pertain to the noble gases.

both a and b are true

As a result of energy transformation, A. entropy increases B. entropy decreases C. potential energy increases D. Energy is lost in the form of heat.

both a and d are correct.

Capable of responding to the environment.

both unicellular and multicellular organisms

contains genes

both unicellular and multicellular organisms

Are composed of nucleotides

carbohydrate

Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls is a

carbohydrate

May be a ring of six carbon atoms attached to hydroxyl groups

carbohydrate

Consumed by photosynthesis.

carbon dioxide and water

Produced by cellular respiration.

carbon dioxide and water

The raw materials for photosynthesis are

carbon dioxide and water

The polysaccharide found in plant cell walls is

cellulose

Assist with cell-to-cell communication.

channel proteins

Water flows freely but does not separate into individual molecules because water is

cohesive

Taxonomy is a biological discipline in which organisms are grouped according to their

common ancestries.

Eukaryotic cells compensate for a low surface-to-volume ratio by _____________ their activities into organelles.

compartmentalizing

Coupled reactions ________ favorable reactions with unfavorable reactions.

couple

Information collected from a scientific experiment is known as

data

Entropy is a term used to indicate the relative amount of

disorganization

participate in metabolic reactions.

enzymatic proteins

In the induced fit model of enzyme catalysis, the __________________________ to accommodate the substrate .

enzyme changes shape slightly

All ____________ are ___________.

enzymes, proteins

Compared with carbon dioxide and water, glucose

exhibits lower entropy

Mechanism by which glucose enters cells

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following is a monosaccharide? glucose, cellulose, lactose, sucrose

glucose

A triglyceride contains

glycerol and three fatty acids.

Water can absorb a large amount of heat without much change in temperature because it has a high

heat capacity

An example of a hydrocarbon is

heptane

Compounds having an affinity for water are said to be

hydrophilic

Water freezes from the top down because

ice is less dense than water.

Seawater is nearly _________ to blood because it contains an _________ concentration of solutes.

isotonic, equal

Which of the following is not a fundamental law of energy? Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy can be changed from one form to another. Energy is lost when it is converted form one form to another. Potential energy cannot be converted to kinetic energy.

last one (Potential energy cannot be converted to kinetic energy.)

Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains.

lipid

Steroids such as cholesterol and sex hormones are

lipids

Has a single membrane.

lysosome