Test2: Chapter2

Dr. Hernandez is studying neurotransmitter abnormalities in depressed patients. She would most likely be working from a ________ perspective. A) personality B) phrenologist C) psychoanalyst D) biological

D

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are ________ that are released by the ________ gland. A) neurotransmitters; pituitary B) hormones; pituitary C) neurotransmitters; thyroid D) hormones; adrena

D

Following a nail gun wound to his head, Jack became more uninhibited, irritable, dishonest, and profane. It is likely that his personality change was the result of injury to his A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) occipital lobe. D) frontal lobe.

D

I am a relatively fast-acting chemical messenger that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. What am I? A) acetylcholine B) dopamine C) norepinephrine D) serotonin

D

In a resting state, the axon is A) depolarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside. B) depolarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside. C) polarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside. D) polarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside.

D

Jessica experienced difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of her head. It is likely that she injured her A) medulla. B) thalamus. C) hypothalamus. D) cerebellum.

D

The gland that regulates body growth is the A) adrenal. B) thyroid. C) hypothalamus. D) pituitary.

D

The increasing complexity of animals' behavior is accompanied by an A) increase in the size of the brainstem. B) increase in the depth of the corpus callosum. C) increase in the size of the frontal lobes. D) increase in the amount of association area.

D

The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called A) the EEG. B) a lesion. C) a PET scan. D) MRI.

D

Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a neural impulse? A) axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse B) dendrite, axon, cell body, synapse C) synapse, axon, dendrite, cell body D) dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

D

Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere? A) language B) learned voluntary movements C) arithmetic reasoning D) perceptual tasks

D

When Sandy scalded her toe in a tub of hot water, the pain message was carried to her spinal cord by the ________ nervous system. A) somatic B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) central

A

The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural transmission. This tissue is A) dopamine. B) the myelin sheath. C) acetylcholine. D) an endorphin.

B

Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex? A) sensory neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron B) interneuron, motor neuron, sensory neuron C) sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron D) interneuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron

C

Moruzzi and Magoun caused a cat to lapse into a coma by severing neural connections between the cortex and the A) reticular formation. B) hypothalamus. C) thalamus. D) cerebellum.

A

The brain research technique that involves monitoring the brain's usage of glucose is called (in abbreviated form) the A) PET scan. B) fMRI. C) EEG. D) MRI.

A

The myelin sheath that is on some neurons A) increases the speed of neural transmission. B) slows neural transmission. C) regulates the release of neurotransmitters. D) prevents positive ions from passing through the membrane.

A

The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributable to the fact that A) under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins. B) under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of all neurotransmitters. C) during heroin withdrawal the brain's production of all neurotransmitters is greatly increased. D) heroin destroys endorphin receptors in the brain.

A

The visual cortex is located in the A) occipital lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) parietal lobe.

A

Though there is no single "control center" for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain region known as the A) limbic system. B) reticular formation. C) brainstem. D) cerebellum.

A

Cortical areas that are NOT primarily concerned with sensory, motor, or language functions are A) called projection areas. B) called association areas. C) located mostly in the parietal lobe. D) located mostly in the temporal lobe.

B

Heartbeat, digestion, and other self - regulating bodily functions are governed by the A) voluntary nervous system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. D) somatic nervous system.

B

In the brain, learning occurs as experience strengthens certain connections in cell work groups called A) action potentials. B) neural networks. C) endocrine systems. D) dendrites.

B

Melissa has just completed running a marathon. She is so elated that she feels little fatigue or discomfort. Her lack of pain is probably the result of the release of A) ACh. B) endorphins. C) dopamine. D) norepinephrine.

B

Research has found that the amount of representation in the motor cortex reflects the A) size of the body parts. B) degree of precise control required by each of the parts. C) sensitivity of the body region. D) area of the occipital lobe being stimulated by the environment.

B

The effect of a drug that is an agonist is to A) cause the brain to stop producing certain neurotransmitters. B) mimic a particular neurotransmitter. C) block a particular neurotransmitter. D) disrupt a neuron's all-or-none firing pattern.

B

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is most likely to be found A) at the junction between sensory neurons and muscle fibers. B) at the junction between motor neurons and muscle fibers. C) at junctions between interneurons. D) in all of these locations.

B

Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the A) sympathetic nervous system. B) somatic nervous system. C) parasympathetic nervous system. D) autonomic nervous system.

B

Which of the following is typically controlled by the left hemisphere? A) making inferences B) word recognition C) the left side of the body D) perceptual skills

B

A strong stimulus can increase the A) speed of the impulse the neuron fires. B) intensity of the impulse the neuron fires. C) number of times the neuron fires. D) threshold that must be reached before the neuron fires.

C

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands are called A) agonists. B) neurotransmitters. C) hormones. D) enzymes.

C

Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake. Most likely, the damage occurred to the A) thalamus. B) corpus callosum. C) reticular formation. D) cerebellum.

C

In the brain, I outnumber neurons. I also provide nutrients to the neurons and help remove excess neurotransmitters. I am a A) hormone. B) myelin sheath. C) glial cell. D) gland.

C

An experimenter flashes the word FLYTRAP onto a screen facing a split-brain patient so that FLY projects to her right hemisphere and TRAP to her left hemisphere. When asked what she saw, the patient will A) say she saw FLY. B) say she saw TRAP. C) point to FLY using her right hand. D) point to TRAP using her left hand.

B

The effect of a drug that is an antagonist is to A) cause the brain to stop producing certain neurotransmitters. B) mimic a particular neurotransmitter. C) block a particular neurotransmitter. D) disrupt a neuron's all-or-none firing pattern.

C

The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres and that have been severed in split-brain patients form a structure called the A) reticular formation. B) association areas. C) corpus callosum. D) parietal lobes.

C

Three-year-old Marco suffered damage to the speech area of the brain's left hemisphere when he fell from a swing. Research suggests that A) he may never speak again. B) his motor abilities may improve so that he can easily use sign language. C) his right hemisphere may take over much of the language function. D) his earlier experience with speech may enable him to continue speaking.

C

Which of the following are governed by the simplest neural pathways? A) emotions B) physiological drives, such as hunger C) reflexes D) movements, such as walking

C

A neuron will generate action potentials when it A) remains below its threshold. B) receives an excitatory input. C) receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs. D) is stimulated by a neurotransmitter.

C

Beginning at the front of the brain and moving toward the back of the head, then down the skull and back around to the front, which of the following is the correct order of the cortical regions? A) occipital lobe; temporal lobe; parietal lobe; frontal lobe B) temporal lobe; frontal lobe; parietal lobe; occipital lobe C) frontal lobe; occipital lobe; temporal lobe; parietal lobe D) frontal lobe; parietal lobe; occipital lobe; temporal lobe

D