Testing your Understandment

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by?

A change in the morphology of the leaves produced

Describe at least 3 different specializations in plant organs and plant cells that are adaptations to life on land.

Cuticle of leaves & stems protect structures from desiccation. Collenchyma & sclerenchyma cells have thick walls that give plants support. Strong branching root systems help anchor plants in the soil.

Secondary Xylem

Heartwood and sapwood consist of?

How does branching differ in roots versus stems?

Lateral roots emerge from the pericycle and destroy the plant cells as they emerge. In stems, branches arise from axillary buds and don't destroy any cells.

Cell elongation

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of ?

What is the difference between primary and secondary growth?

Primary growth arises from apical meristems and involves production and elongation of organs. Secondary growth arises from lateral meristems and & adds to the diameter of roots and stems.

What can't be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

Root hairs

Which of the followin arise, directly or indirectly from meristematic activity?

Secondary xylem, leaves, and dermal tissue

Endodermis

The innermost region of the root cortex is the?

What advantages did plants gain from the evolution of secondary growth?

With the evolution of secondary growth , plants were able to grow taller and shade competitors.