Texas POL Chapter 8
What is the most widely circulated newspaper in Texas today?
Houston Chronicle
How did the 2014 decision in Verizon v. FCC affect net neutrality?
It effectively ended it.
Which of the following is a problematic aspect of citizen journalism?
It may lack context.
The 1996 Telecommunications Act did what?
It relaxed the limit on how many radio and TV stations one company could own.
The most popular podcasts reflect content hosted by ______.
National Public Radio
In what language was Texas's first newspaper published?
Spanish
_____ are perhaps the greatest threat to traditional media's longevity.
Streaming services
_____ state(s) that candidates must be given an opportunity to respond to any criticism made by a television or radio media outlet.
The right of rebuttal
What is one problem associated with focus groups?
They are less quantitatively measured.
In the 2016 election cycle, campaigns were expected spent over $4 billion on television advertisements. How effective, generally, are these ads?
They don't seem to have much impact.
In which of the following ways have social media proven to be disruptive to the traditional forms of media?
They have made people part of the news as it happens, allow citizens to shape the news agenda, and expose many to news outside of mainstream sources.
What role did Twitter play in the 2016 Dallas Black Lives Matter protest march shootings?
Tweets helped prove that a suspected shooter was actually innocent.
"Candidate Ronald Reagan's 1984 ""Morning in America"" campaign commercial was designed to make viewers feel good about Reagan. What type of ad was this?"
a positive issue ad
A fundamental function of the media is to decide what is news. This is called ______.
agenda setting
In the example of the news coverage of Texas's Child Protective Services and its severe problems, the issue finally received attention only after it was covered in the media. This is an example of ______.
agenda setting
"What category of public opinion is ""the simple sum of many individual opinions""?"
aggregation
As of 2018, approximately what percentage of Americans rely upon television broadcasts for their news?
approximately 40 percent
The collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet, is called _____ journalism.
citizen
The 2016 simulcast of presidential debates in Spanish is an example of how ______.
consumers drive media content
The general trend in the United States is that network television viewership is ______.
declining
The purpose of mass media gatekeeping is ______.
determining newsworthiness
The echo chamber effect results in ______.
diminished exposure to conflicting information
For state and local agencies in Texas, social media use is governed by ______.
each agency's internal rules
When users self-select information on social media, the result is a(n) ______.
echo chamber
Which of the following are agents of socialization in the United States? (Choose every correct answer.)
education, family, the media
Interviews with citizens just after they have voted in an election are referred to as ___ polls
exit
"Research has shown that newspapers from counties near the U.S.-Mexico border tend to have an overall negative slant toward immigrants. This ""slant"" is an example of ______."
framing
Mass media filter down all of what is happening in a given community into a specific set of news that is then transmitted to an audience. This is called ______.
gatekeeping
What is the first step in the survey process?
identifying the population
In his 1992 presidential campaign, Ross Perot spent $34.8 million of his own money on a series of ______.
infomercials
The media cannot effectively act as an adversary to government if it ______.
is not providing accurate, substantive news
"Which of the following best characterizes a ""public""?"
its communicative nature
In Texas, concentration in media has resulted in which of the following?
less local news a selection bias that has a national slant
"What did ""freedom of the press"" mean at the time of the founding of the United States?"
literal freedom to use a printing press
___ media is a means of communication that reaches many individuals
mass
The actual or perceived failure of the media to report news objectively is called ______.
media bias
"The category of public opinion that is defined as ""a projection of what journalists, politicians, and 'elites' believe"" is called ______."
media/elite opinion
In a landmark 1986 survey of journalists, researchers found that journalists overwhelmingly perceived themselves to be _____ the owners of the media and the public in general.
more liberal than
_____ is the principle that Internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites.
net neutrality
At the time of the founding of the nation, journalists were called ______.
newsmongers
In 2009, utilizing its police powers, the Texas Legislature passed HB 2003. What issue(s) did it address?
online harassment and stalking
Which of the following refers to engagement in the public sphere that encompasses all media and messages between and among citizens, the media, and the governing elite?
political communication
The process through which we learn political attitudes and opinions is called ______.
political socialization
The act of writing or presenting news stories that reflect a significantly distorted view of reality, favoring one party over another in the case of political parties, is called _____ bias.
presentation
When the local newspaper and local television station repetitively cover a story about a new stadium opening, that repetition is an example of ______.
priming
_____ provides a specific context and background through which audiences engage with a particular topic or story and repeats it over time.
priming
What type of survey interviews a scientifically determined sampling of people within a population?
probability sample survey
The news media, in particular, operate as an institution within the _____ sphere.
public
The _____ is a community's arena. It allows individuals to freely discuss and identify societal problems and influence political action.
public sphere
Political scientist Thomas Patterson argues that the _____ that citizens can access affects their interest in the news.
quality of information
The media cultivate and influence the public's social reality and mirror society's culture back to the viewer through ______.
resonance
"What is the literal meaning of ""democracy""?"
rule by the people
One big advantage of the use of digital media for political campaigns is that it ______.
saves money
What are the three broad functions the media serve within their communities?
shaping perception, providing information, and acting as a link
The earliest form of public opinion polling (as we know it today) consisted of newspapers setting up outside polling places and interviewing voters after they cast their ballots. These polls are called ______.
straw polls
Recent research shows that _____ remain(s) the most effective single medium available for the acquisition of political information.
television news
According to anthropologist Thomas de Zengotita, what 1963 event, which was widely covered in the media, changed people's perception of the news?
the assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas
What requires that a broadcaster permitting one political candidate access to the airwaves must afford equal opportunities to all other such candidates seeking the same office?
the equal time rule
A crucial element to the success of streaming services is ______.
the use of smartphones
Citizens consider information they receive directly from the media in light of _____, exacerbating media bias.
their own ideological biases
What age group is most likely to get its news from print media?
those older than age 65
Which factors contribute to media selection bias?
time, budgetary constraints, and personnel
What is the point of a push poll?
to attack a candidate or issue
Texas gubernatorial candidate Wendy Davis received a big boost in popularity after her senatorial filibuster speech went viral on ______.
Approximately what portion of American adults use at least one form of social media to share information?
two-thirds
The media are typically categorized by ______.
type of message and type of media
When candidates and campaigns use social media sites to share news with the public, they are better able to control which of the following?
who sees the news, how a story is covered, and what is covered
Focus groups usually include fewer than _____ individuals at a time.
10
In 2019, a UT/Texas Tribune poll found that what percent of Texans favor legalization of marijuana for medical purposes?
80 percent
The impact that round-the-clock news coverage has had on the media is called the _____ effect.
CNN
