Textbook chapter 11 and 12

the area of social physiology how people select, interpret remember and use social information is called

social cognition

the process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors and abilities in relation to others is known as

social comparison

the effects of others on our behavior can take them form of ___, imitative behavior involving the speed of behavior, emotions, and ideas

social contagion

according to ____ the most important predator pf relationship success is having both partners feel that each is doing their fair share

social exchange theory

according to ____, social relationships involve an exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits

social exchange theory

which of the following is most likely to occur when an individual performance improves because of the presence of others

social facilitation

____ refers to the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group memberhsip

social identity

which of the following theories states the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership is a crucial part of theur self image and a valuable source of positive feelings about themselves

social identity theoty

which of the following refers to each person's tendency to exert less effort in a group because of reduced accountability for individual effort

social loafing

____ is an anxiety disorder in which an indiviual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situtaions

social phbia

_____ is the scientific stay of how people think about influences and relate to other people

social psychology

____are defined by noticeable bodily changes that are very distress or interfere with a persons functioning along with excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors about those bodily change

somatic symptoms and related disorders

____ is a psychological disorder in which an individual has irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or siituation

specific phobia

a ____ is a generalization about a groups characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another

stereotype

_____ is an individuals fast- acting, self fueling fear of being judged based on others negative generalizations about the group in which they belong

stereotype threat

bias that is baked in to decision making by processes that may have been set in motion generation before referred to as

systematic racism

an important feature of optimal intergroup contact that involves working together on a shared goal is known as

task orientated cooperation

the hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behaviors is

testosterone

according to ____, people who have first agreed to a small request tend to comply later with a larger request

the foot in the door technique

the tendency for the observers to underestimate the impact of the external situation and overstate the impact of the internal traits when they seek explanations of another persons behavior is called

the fundamental attribution error

which of the following essentials examines the ways that commitment, investment, and the ability of attractive alternative patterns predict satisfaction an stability relationships

the investment model

which theoretical approach emphasizes the contribution of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics In explaining psychological disorders

the psychological approach

the mayhem on the streets of the boston after the Red Sox won the world series is an example of

the self serving bias

which of the following theoretical approaches to physiological disorders would be most likely to consider a persons gender and ethnicity when diagnosed with a disorder

the sociocultural approach

the tendency for the presence of firearms to enhance aggression is known as

the weapons effect

ptsd may best be explained by which of the following

theory of mind

attractive people are general assume to have a variety of positive characteristics. according to research which of the following is a key aspect in peoples determination of facial attractiveness

uniqueness

a fear becomes a phobia when

when a doctor diagnoses it as such

according to the evolutionary perspective, women who are attracted to mates who

will invest in their offspring

For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least

2 weeks

the volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately __ percent of the time

35

which of the following about panic disorders is false

American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder

which of the following defines conformity

a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

all of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder except

a history of manic episodes

in ____, social expectations cause individuals to act in ways that make their expectations come true

a self furling prophercy

___ is behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time

abnormal behavior

which of the following most likely occurs when an individual has a deep, caring affection for another person and desires to have that person near

affectionate love

____ mans helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt

alturism

____ are disabling, uncontrollable and disruptive psychological disorders that feature motor retention, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughst

anxiety disorders

____ refers to the analysis of the use of operant conditioning principles to change human behaior

applied behavior analyisi

____ is a psychological diorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: inattentions, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

_____ is a nuerodevelomental disorder characterized by persistent problems is a sustaining attention and difficulty engaging in quiet activities for a prolonged period

attention- deficits/ hyperactivity disorder (adhd)

an individual's opinions and beliefs about other people, objets, and ideas, and how the individual feels about the world refers to

attitudes

which of the following refers to the interferences that we make in order to explain the causes of ones behavior

attribution

the ___ approach is evident in the medical model

biological

the ____ approach to physiological disorder primary focuses on the brain, genetic factors and neurotransmitters functioning as the sources of abnormaility

biological

In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, the ____ attributes psychological disorders to organic internal causes

biological approach

___ is an obsessive compulsive disorder (cod) related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in ones physical appreance

body dysmorphic disorder

according to contemporary relationship research, which of the following statements about mate selection researches true

both genders are interested in finding partners who are warm and trustworthy

the tendency of an individulal who observes an emergency to be less likely to help when other people are present than when the observer is alone known as the

bystander effect

one of the most common compulsions exhibited by individuals who have obsessive compulsive disorder is excessive

cleaning

____ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsisitent thoughts

cognitive dissonance

which of the following refers to the simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in one person

comorbidity

_____ involves strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often predominates in the early part of love relationship

compassionate love

in the context of the social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates

conformity

the reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as

deindividuation

____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life

depression

the ___ was published in 1952 by the American psychiatry association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the united states

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)

the ____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics personality dispositions, or experiences, may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder

diathesis- stress model

all of the following are symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder except

difficulties with memory and concentration

which of the following refers to an unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group

discrimintaion

extreme memory loss that stems from extensive psychological stress is referred to as

dissociative amnesia

____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity

dissociative disorders

which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder

dissociative identify disorder

___ s the traumatic, least common, ad most controversial dissociative disorder

dissociative identity disorder

____ is a disorder in which an individual has two or more distinct personalities, each with its own memories, behavior, and relationships

dissociative identity disorder (did)

_____ refers to rationalizing the amount of work we put into getting something by increasing its value

effort justification

from the perspective of the social exchange theory, the most important predator of relationship success is

equity

the tendency t favor ones own cultural group other groups is called

ethnocentrism

microgresions are ____ and_____ acts that communicate bias to members of marginalized groups

everyday, subtle

the ___ is the observers overestimation of the degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way we do

false consensus effect

deficits in the functioning of the ____ are associated with aggression

frontal lobes of the brain

the tendency for a group decession to be riskier than the average decision mad by the individual group members known as the

group polariztaion

the solidification and further strengthening of an individuals position as a consequence of a collective discussion interaction is known as the

group poloraiztaion effect

____ refers to the pared decision making that occurs in a team the making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony

groupthink

which of the following is on of the three main symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity (add)q

hypersensititivity

according to the attribution theory, attributions very along which of the following demnsions

internal and external causes

attributions that include causes inside and specific to a person, such as their traits and abilities are called

internal attributions

in the context of the psychological factors in conformity, which of the following best describes informational social influence

it refers to the influence people have on an indiviaudla because the individual because the individual wants to be right

according to the national institute of mental health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is

major depressive disorder

with respect to the three characteristics oof abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a persons ability to function effectively in the world is considered

maladaptive

three of the following are risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (and). which of the following factors does not pose a risk for the development of asd

male sex

in the context of the theoretical approaches to the psychological diodes, the ___ describes psychological disorders as diseases with biologicaal orgin

medical model

the phenomenon that the more individuals encounter someone or something, the more probable that I the way they will start liking the person or thing even if they do not realize they have seen it before is known as the

mere exposure effect

a depressive is classified as a (n) ____ disorderr

mood

milligrams studies are a classic series of experiments by the Stanley milligram that demonstated the profound power of

obedience

in attribution theory, the person who offers a casual explanation of the actors behaviors s called thw

observor

____ are recurrent thoughts, and ___ are recurrent behaviors

obsessions, compulsions

the anxiety disorder in which an individual has an anxiety provoking thoughts that will not go away and/ or urges to perform receptive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called

obsessive compulsive disorder

refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

person perception

in an ___, a persons experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terro, often without warning and with no specific cause

phobic disorder

behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as

physical aggression

____ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality

positive illusions

dissociative disorder are sometimes seen in people who also show signs fo

post traumatic stress disorder

refers to a disorder that develops through experience to a disturbing or distressing event that overwhelm a persons ability to cope

post traumatic stress disorder (ptsd)

____ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an indivddual based n the individuals membership in a particular group

prejudice

____ refers to a on mendical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome there problems

psychotherapy

which refers to a physically or verbally harming another person directly

rational aggression

____ theory is daryl bets the on how behaviors influence attitudes

self perecption

_____ refers to the tendency to take credit for ones own successes and to deny responsibility for ones own failures

self serving bias