The Era of Good Feelings
Who was Monroe's Secretary of War?
John C. Calhoun
Who was Monroe's Secretary of State?
John Quincy Adams
Who was the son of John Adams?
John Quincy Adams
What was the phrase coined by a Boston newspaper in 1817 and described the decade after the War of 1812?
"The Era of Good Feelings"
Chief Justice Marshall (the overseer of McCullough vs. Maryland)
"The power to tax is the power to destroy."
What 3 programs were enacted by Henry Clay?
-"Second Bank of the US" (same functions as predecessor) -The Tariff of 1816 - a 25% tax on imported goods to create a source of fed revenue -A "National Road" from western MD to central IL (part of a national system of roads for easing travel)
What events led to the MO Compromise of 1820?
-1819, MO applied for admission to the Union as a slave state (10,000 slaves) -Northerners in Congress objected because their admission would upset the 11/11 balance between slave and free states -MO statehood would set the precedent for the admission of the other territories into the LA Purchase
Describe the "Era of Good Feelings"
-Americans felt good about themselves after holding their own against the British -with the demise of the Federalist party, there was a period of one-party rule by the Republicans -lead to a lessening of political conflict
What did the Henry Clay's MO Compromise of 1820 state?
-MO would enter as a slave state -Maine would be separate from MA and made a free state -Slavery would be prohibited in the territories north of the 36 30'
Describe the Adams-Oniz Treaty of 1819.
-Seminole Indians began raiding the American South -Spain was too feeble to control the Indians -Secretary of War Calhoun authorized Gen. Jackson to deal w/the situation -Jackson acted illegally, invaded FL, capturing Indian leaders and Brit agents, and forced the surrender of Ft. Pensacola -Jackson went unpunished and Spain agreed to a quid pro quo; FL for TX and $5mill
Describe the American System.
-a national banking system -tariffs to produce fed revenue -fed subsidized "internal improvements" or building infrastructure -Clay as the guiding force -critics accused the gov't of abusing the programs for the purpose of dispensing patronage and special privilege
Describe the effects of the MO Compromise.
-brilliant in short-term, fatally flawed in the long run -to perpetuate slavery, the South had to hold on to fed power by forcing a balance in the admission of state -population growth favored the North; South outvoted in Congress about slavery -Congress began to split
Describe the crop industry @ the time of the cotton gin.
-by late 18th cent tobacco declined as a cash crop due to its draining of the soil -cotton was grown small scale because turning it into lint for cloth was a slow process -Eli came up with an idea for a machine for removing seeds; with his gin 6-10x the cotton could be made in an hour
What effects did not having a bank have on the gov't?
-gov't had to borrow $ to fight the war from private banks -private banks and businesses printed their own $, and often did w/out backing from gold or silver, causing inflation (rise in prices due to an increase in the volume of $ which results in the loss of value in currency) -the gov't had no means of raising revenue
Describe Monroe's presidency.
-he was 4th of the "VA Dynasty" of early American presidents -he sought to mend fences w/ political opponents by bringing them into his cabinet -he would pursue policies aimed @ creating a sense of post-partisan unity, contributing to the "Era of Good Feelings."
Describe McCullough vs. Maryland 1819.
-one significant development in the interpretation of the Constitution -resulted from the problem of gov't trying to raise revenue w/out raising people's taxes -the MD legislature passed a tax on the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the US -the court ruled: the Bank of the US was constitutional, validating the principle of "implied powers" and states cannot tax fed entities
John Quincy Adams
-served as American minister to the Netherlands, Prussia, Russia, and GB -Monroe appointed him Secretary of State -Adams achieved peace and stability in American relations with European nations -his endeavors gave the Monroe Administration its chief successes -arguably the greatest Secretary of State in history
Describe the Panic of 1819.
-the recession was the result of the cotton boom for 20 years compounded by bank mismanagement -prices plummeted -land & slaves lost value mills laid off workers -private banks printed too much $; they blamed the Second Bank of the US
When did Mexico win its independence?
1821
What was the Monroe Doctrine? What was it meant to do?
A doctrine proposed by the British about a joint venture to keep the French out of Latin America; -make Latin America a free trade zone for both nations and remove any military threats -close the Western Hemisphere to further European colonization in exchange for the US remaining neutral between the powers
What became the South's new cash crop?
Cotton
Who invented the cotton gin? When?
Eli Whitney; 1793
How did the War of 1812 affect the American economy?
It disrupted American economic growth and left the federal gov't with a debt of $127 million.
Who was elected president in 1816? (hand-picked successor of Madison)
James Monroe
Who offered an amendment to the MO admission bill for gradually ending slavery?
James Tallmadge
What was the name given to the 3 programs enacted by Henry Clay?
The American System
What happened in 1811 with Hamilton's Bank of the US?
The Republican Congress allowed the charter to expire.
What Jeffersonian principle did Madison discard in 1816?
no intervention by the federal gov't in the economy
What was the Tallmadge Amendment?
the first attempt to forcibly end slavery where it already existed it made these changes to MO -no new slaves would be brought in statehood -all slaves born in MO would be free @ 25
