The Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 2 Self Test (Basic Chemistry)

Which bases are found in RNA? Thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Uracil, guanine, adenine, and ribose. Adenine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. Adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.

Adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.

Which functional group of substances increases the rates of chemical reactions by at least a million-fold, and is essential to virtually every biochemical reaction in the body? Catalysts (enzymes). Antibodies (immunoglobulins). Hormones. Transport proteins.

Catalysts (enzymes).

Which of the following statements correctly describes the conversion of energy from one form to the other? Energy conversions are very difficult. Energy conversions are very efficient. Energy conversions seldom release heat. Energy conversions are easily accomplished most of the time, but they are not completely efficient and heat is emitted as unusable energy.

Energy conversions are easily accomplished most of the time, but they are not completely efficient and heat is emitted as unusable energy.

Which of the following statements does NOT apply when matter is converted from one form to another? Energy has no part in this reaction. Energy may be absorbed during the reaction. Energy may be released during the reaction. Energy may be absorbed AND released during the reaction.

Energy has no part in this reaction.

Which type of bond is an important intramolecular bond, which helps to bind different parts of the same molecule together into a special 3-dimensional shape? Hydrogen bond. Ionic bond. Polar covalent bond. Nonpolar covalent bond.

Hydrogen bond.

The conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose is accomplished by which type of reaction? Exchange reaction. Dehydration synthesis. Synthesis reaction. Hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis.

Which type of bond is formed when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another? Polar covalent bond. Nonpolar covalent bond. Hydrogen bond. Ionic bond.

Ionic bond.

Which of the following statements regarding isotopes is TRUE? Isotopes have the same number of protons and neutrons, but differ in the number of electrons they contain. Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain. The chemical properties of all of an element's isotopes are exactly the same. Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain AND the chemical properties of all of an element's isotopes are exactly the same.

Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain AND the chemical properties of all of an element's isotopes are exactly the same.

Which of the following substances is a compound? NaCl. Mg. Fe. H.

NaCl.

Which of the following substances is an element? Carbon dioxide. Water. Nitrogen. Salt.

Nitrogen.

Which of the substances listed below is an organic compound? Water. Nucleic acid. Salt. Hydrochloric acid.

Nucleic acid.

The modern model of atomic structure, involving regions around the nucleus in which a given electron or electron-pair is most likely to be found is called which of the following? Orbital model. Planetary model. Atomic model. Nuclear model.

Orbital model.

All forms of energy exhibit which of the following work capacities? Chemical and kinetic. Potential and kinetic. Radiant and kinetic. Potential and mechanical.

Potential and kinetic.

Energy that is inactive or stored is classified as: Chemical. Potential. Electrical. Radioactive.

Potential.

Matter is found in the following states: Kinetic, potential. Physical, chemical, plasma. Potential, radial. Solid, gas, liquid.

Solid, gas, liquid.

Most of the reactions that take place for the body to repair damaged tissues are classified as which of the following type of chemical reaction? Synthesis. Decomposition. Exchange. Feedback.

Synthesis.

What is the difference between glucose, sucrose, and glycogen? Glucose and sucrose are carbohydrates and glycogen is not. They have different chemical formulas but the molecules are of the same size. The number of saccharide molecules varies. They are all simple sugars.

The number of saccharide molecules varies.

What is the difference in hydrogen ion concentration between gastric juice (pH=2.0) and coffee (pH=5.0)? There are 1000 times fewer hydrogen ions in coffee than in gastric juice. There are 1000 times more hydrogen ions in coffee than in gastric juice. There are three times more hydrogen ions in coffee than in gastric juice. There are three times fewer hydrogen ions in coffee than in gastric juice.

There are 1000 times fewer hydrogen ions in coffee than in gastric juice.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of hydrogen bonds? They are weak bonds. They are found in water molecules. They are one of the strongest bonds. They are found in the structure of protein molecules.

They are one of the strongest bonds.

The sum of the protons and neutrons contained in the nucleus of an atom is known as its ________. atomic number atomic nuclear number atomic weight number atomic mass number

atomic mass number

An element is a substance that: cannot be decomposed or broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. has several types of atoms in its make-up. will always change form over time. cannot be found to occur naturally in nature.

cannot be decomposed or broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

When two atoms share one or more electrons the reaction is a/an _______ type of bonding. ionic covalent electron hydrogen

covalent

A positive ion has gained a proton. lost a proton. gained an electron. lost an electron.

lost an electron.

An isotope is an atom that varies in the number of _________. electrons protons neutrons photons

neutrons

The most common elements in the human body are: carbon, potassium, hydrogen, and oxygen. carbon, hydrogen, sodium, and oxygen. hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and calcium. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

The most abundant inorganic compound found in the human body is carbon dioxide. oxygen. water. salt.

water.