The Heart lab exam

pulmonary artery left and right

(BLUE) carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygenated from the right ventricle

anterior interventricular artery

Also called the left anterior descending artery ( red)

right common carotid artery

Although the left and right common carotid arteries follow the same course through the neck, their origin differs. On the left, the common carotid arises directly from the aortic arch whereas, on the right, the origin is from the brachiocephaic trunk. The carotid arteries are major blood vessels in the neck that supply blood to the brain, neck, and face. There are two carotid arteries, one on the right and one on the left. In the neck, each carotid artery branches into two divisions: The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain. The external carotid artery supplies blood to the face and neck.

Pectinate muscle ( pectin = comb)

Anteriorly, the right atrium has bundles of muscle tissue form ridges in the wall. They are called pectinate muscles because they looked like the teeth of a comb. their function is maxium atrial contraction with minimal muscle mass

pulmonary trunk

Blood leaving the right ventricle enters this after passing through the pulmonary semilunar valve.

bundle branches

Branches off the Bundle of His that conduct impulses to the left and right ventricles

pulmonary veins

Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

papillary muscles

Enlarged muscles in ventricles that are attached to chordae tendinae.

Coronary arteries right and left

First small branches off the ascending aorta that supply the myocardium of the heart Like all other tissues in the body, the heart muscle needs oxygen-rich blood to function, and oxygen-depleted blood must be carried away. The coronary arteries consist of two main arteries: the right and left coronary arteries, and their two branches, the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery.

superior vena cava

Function. The inferior vena cava is a vein. It carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium of the heart. The corresponding vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body is the superior vena cava.

Endocardium (inside the heart)

Inner layer of the heart third layer of the heart is a glistering white sheet of endothelium ( squamous epithelium) located on the inner myocardium surface. continuous with the endothelium linings of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart.

trabeculae carneae

Irregular ridges of muscle mark the internal wall of the ventricular chambers. The trabeculae carneae also serve a function similar to that of papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria.

Biscuspid valve ( mitrial valve )

It permits blood to flow one way only, from the left atrium into the left ventricle This valve is more commonly called the mitral valve because it has two flaps (cusps) and looks like a bishop's miter or headdress.

Auricle

One auricle is attached to each of the anterior surfaces of the outer-walls of the atria (that is, the left atrium and the right atrium). Visually, they look like wrinkled pouch-like structures. Their purpose is to increase the capacity of the atrium, and so also increase the volume of blood that it is able to contain.

sino-atrial node

Pacemaker of the heart, in RA, initiates contraction The heart's natural pacemaker - the SA node - sends out regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (the atrium) causing it to contract and pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse is then conducted to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node.

posterior vein of left ventricle

Parallels the posterior left ventricular branch

left ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

left ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta The left ventricle is the thickest of the heart's chambers and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body. By contrast, the right ventricle solely pumps blood to the lungs

Atrioventricular bundle ( bundle of his)

The bundle of cardiac muscle fibers that conducts the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat, from the atrioventricular node in the right atrium to the septum between the ventricles and then to the left and right ventricles. Also called atrioventricular bundle . The bundle of His is an important part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, as it transmits impulses from the atrioventricular node, located at the inferior end of the interatrial septum, to the ventricles of the heart.

brachiocephalic trunk

The first large artery arising from the aortic arch. It carries oxygenated blood to the neck, head, and right forelimb. The brachiocephalic artery (or brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery) is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.

Inferior vena cava

The inferior vena cava is a vein. It carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium of the heart

interatrial septum

The interatrial septum is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart. The internal partition that divides the heart longitudinally. It separates the atria, and the interventricular septum where it separates the ventricle.

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The aorta begins at the top of the left ventricle, the heart's muscular pumping chamber. The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve. ... Its small branches supply blood to the ribs and some chest structures

posterior vein of left ventricle

The posterior vein of the left ventricle runs on the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle to the coronary sinus, but may end in the great cardiac vein.

right atrium

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated. As deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium, it passes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle, which pumps the blood up through the pulmonary valve and through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

right subclavian artery

The second artery to arise from the right brachiocephalic trunk. It supplies blood to the cervical vertebrae and right forelimb.

right subclavian artery

The second artery to arise from the right brachiocephalic trunk. It supplies blood to the cervical vertebrae and right forelimb. The right subclavian artery is located below the clavicle. It branches off the brachiocephalic trunk. The left subclavian artery branches off the arch of the aorta

Atrio-ventricular node

The secondary pacemaker controlling the heart beat. The AV node, which controls the heart rate, is one of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system. The AV node serves as an electrical relay station, slowing the electrical current sent by the sinoatrial (SA) node before the signal is permitted to pass down through to the ventricles

Small cardiac vain

The small cardiac vein runs in the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and ventricle and opens into the right extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives blood from the posterior portion of the right atrium and ventricle

Middle cardiac vein

The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. These include the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the smallest cardiac veins, and the anterior cardiac vein

coronary arteries and veins

These are the vessels located on and in the actual myocardium or heart muscle. They supply and drain the myocardium of blood, respectively.

left subclavian artery

Third branch of the aortic arch that distributes blood to the left arm

moderator band

This structure stretches from a papillary muscle on the interventricular septum to the wall of the right ventricle. Functionally it is important because it conducts impulses between these two regions on the heart, thereby coordinating the contraction of the cells and it may also help prevent overdistention of the ventricular wall Moderator Band. Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy. Location: The moderator band is located in the right ventricular apex that connects the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle.

anterior interventricular sulcus

anterior position of interventricular septum

The base of the heart is located

base of the heart. the portion of the heart opposite the apex. It is superior and medially located. It forms the upper border of the heart, lies just below the second rib, and primarily involves the left atrium, part of the right atrium, and the proximal portions of the great vessels.

Pulmonary arteries left and right

carries blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs

coronary sinus

enlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties blood into the right atrium The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium, as do the superior and inferior vena cavae. It is present in all mammals, including humans. The coronary sinus empties directly into the right atrium near the conjunction of the posterior interventricular sulcus and the coronary sulcus (crux cordis area), located between the inferior vena cava and tricuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve) is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps. Pulmonary semilunar valve will prevent back flow of blood into the right ventricle while being carried away to the lungs by the pulmonary artery for oxygenation.

Chordae tendinae (function)

hold valves in place; "heart strings"

posterior interventricular sulcus

landmark on posteroinferior surface The posterior interventricular sulcus or posterior longitudinal sulcus is one of the two grooves that separates the ventricles of the heart and is on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart near the right margin.

Visceral Pericardium

layer closest to the heart The fibrous layer and the parietal layer of pericardium forms the paricardial sac and encloses the heart. The visceral pericardium or epicardium forms the outer layer of wall of the heart. Between parietal and visceral pericardium, there is a fluid filled space called pericardial cavity.

aortic semilunar valve

located between the left ventricle and the aorta

anterior interventricular sulcus

marks the boundary between the ventricles anteriorly The anterior interventricular sulcus (or anterior longitudinal sulcus) is one of two grooves that separates the ventricles of the heart, the other being the posterior interventricular sulcus

parietal pericardium ( lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium)

outer layer (parietal = pertaining to wall) Parietal pericardium: The outer layer of the pericardium which is a conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels. The pericardium has outer and inner coats.

right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs As deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium, it passes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle, which pumps the blood up through the pulmonary valve and through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs The left atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart, located on the left posterior side. Its primary roles are to act as a holding chamber for blood returning from the lungs and to act as a pump to transport blood to other areas of the heart

papillary muscles

responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves closed by means of the chordae tendineae

great cardiac vein

runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery. Function: This cardiac vein returns deoxygenated blood (metabolic waste products) from the anterior surfaces of the left ventricle.

middle cardiac vein

runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery The middle cardiac vein commences at the apex of the heart; ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus, and ends in the coronary sinus near its right extremity

posterior interventricular artery

runs to the apex of the heart n the coronary circulation, the posterior interventricular artery (PIV) or posterior descending artery (PDA) is an artery running in the posterior interventricular sulcus to the apex of the heart where it meets with the anterior interventricular artery. It supplies the posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum

posterior interventricular artery

runs to the heart apex and supplies the posterior ventricular walls

interventricular septum

separates ventricles

anterior interventricular artery

supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles Coronary Arteries - Anterior Interventricular. ... It runs inferior along the sternocostal interventricular surface and gives rise to the diagonal and anterior septal branches. This artery supplies blood to the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum.

left subclavian artery

supplies blood to the left arm

left common carotid artery

supplies left side of head and neck

marginal artery

supplies oxygenated blood to lateral wall of right ventricle The right marginal branch of right coronary artery (or right marginal artery) is a large marginal branch which follows the acute margin of the heart and supplies branches to both surfaces of the right ventricle

right common carotid artery

supplies right side of head and neck

circumflex artery

supplies the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle The circumflex artery branches off of the left coronary artery and supplies most of the left atrium: the posterior and lateral free walls of the left ventricle, and part of the anterior papillary muscle. The circumflex artery may give off a variable number of left marginal branches to supply the left ventricle

epicardium ( upon the heart) also called visceral pericardium

the inner layer of the serous pericardium, which is in contact with the heart.

aeortic semilunar valve

the left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in your body and carries blood with oxygen from the heart to the body. The semilunar valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle and keeps it moving towards the body.

Myocardium

the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle. It is composed of spontaneously contracting cardiac muscle ( made of) fibers which allow the heart to contract. (function) Heart contraction is an autonomic (involuntary) function of the peripheral nervous system.

apex of the heart

tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space The apex of the heart is likewise its tip, but it is formed by the left ventricle, so it is essentially the most inferior portion of the heart.

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.